Kodi Malo Otchuka Achikale Otchedwa Vinland Ali Kuti?
Yosimbidwa ndi mtolankhani wa Galamukani! ku Canada
LINALI dziko lokhala ndi tirigu omera yekha, mifuleni yodzaza ndi nsomba zotchedwa Salmon, mabulosi amtchire (cranberries) “ophikira vinyo,” ndipo m’nyengo ya chisanu sikunali kuuma chifukwa cha kuzizira. Malingana ndi mmene ankaonera zinthu zaka zikwi zapitazo, dziko limeneli linali paradaiso basi. Nkhani ya amuna 36 olimba mtima amene ananyamuka kupita kumeneko ndi imene inachititsa kuti pakhale kafukufuku m’zaka za zana la 20 kuti apeze pamene pali malo oyamba amene Azungu a ku Ulaya anafikapo ku North America.
Panthaŵi ina pakati pa zaka za 990 ndi 1000 C.E., mmodzi wa amalinyero otchedwa ma Viking Leif Eriksson ndi anthu ake anayamba ulendo wawo woona malo wa makilomita 2000. Anayenda pa chombo kuloŵera cha kumpoto m’mphepete mwa Greenland cha kumadzulo kwake. Ndipo kenaka atakhotera cha kumadzulo, Eriksson anafika pa zilumba zina ziŵiri, zimene anazitcha kuti Helluland ndi Markland. Lero zimadziŵidwa ndi mayina akuti Baffin ndi Labrador. Kufika kwawo kwachitatu ndikumene kuli kosadziŵika bwino. Kodi dziko lotchuka lachikale lotchedwa Vinland limeneli lilikuti?
Mu 1959, akatswiri aŵiri a mbiri ya zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi Helge Ingstad ndi mkazi wake, Anne Stine Ingstad, anayamba kufufuza . Zowasonyeza njira zimene anali nazo zinali m’nkhani zolembedwa ndi anthu akale a ku Scandinavia zotchedwa Icelandic sagas, zimene zili ndi nkhani zoona komanso zina nkhambakamwa chabe. Mkazi ndi mwamunayo anayendayenda m’nyanja, pamtunda, ndi mumlengalenga makilomita zikwizikwi cha kum’maŵa kwa gombe la North America. Kenaka anachita mwayi pamene anadutsa pakamudzi kenakake kotchedwa L’Anse aux Meadows, kamene kali pa ndomo ya kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Newfoundland. Pamenepo munthu wina wa komweko, George Decker, Anawapititsa kumalo enaake amene ankaoneka ngati nkhalango ya bwinja limene panali mudzi.
Anakumbapo kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri kuti apeze zinthu zakale za m’mbiri ndipo zimenezi zinachititsa kuti pazindikiridwe monga malo a m’mbiri ndipo panadziŵidwa padziko lonse. Zinthu zofunikira kwambiri zimene anakumba ndi monga nyumba zisanu ndi zitatu za makoma a dothi ndi udzu ndi naphini wa chitsulo cha bronze amene ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pomangira zovala. Zinthu zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti kale padafika amalinyero ambanda ochokera ku Scandnavia kudzakhala ku North America. Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri chimene anachikumba chinali ng’anjo yaing’ono imene inkagwiritsidwa ntchito posula zitsulo. Atapenda kachidutswa kamene kanapezekamo adapeza kuti kanali kanthaŵi imene nkhani zosimba kupambana kwa ulendo wa Eriksson ndi kufika kwake ku Dziko Latsopanolo, zinkalembedwa. Koma umboni utapezeka, unasonyeza kuti amalinyero akale ambanda ochokera ku Scandinavia anafikako ku North America.
Malo amene panopo amatchedwa kuti L’Anse aux Meadows safanana kwenikweni ndi zimene nthano zimalongosola zokhudza malo otchuka achikalewo otchedwa Vinland. Mwina sitidzatha kuloza mosakayikira kuti malowo anali apa. Zikuoneka kuti ngakhale anthu ameneŵa sanali oyamba kuponda ku North America, iwo anafikako zaka 500 Columbus asanapiteko.
Lero mungathe kupita kukawayendera malowo ndi kukaona zina chabe mwa zinthu zimene amalinyero otchedwa ma Viking ameneŵa ankachita. Nyumba za makoma adothi ndi udzu zimene zamangidwanso, komanso chombo chopangidwa moyerekeza chombo chimene anakwera Eriksson pa ulendo wake wotchukawo mungathe kukaziona. Anthu okutsogolerani njira, amene amavala zovala zolingana ndi nyengo yam’mbuyo imeneyo, angakuchititseni kuti mudzione ngati kuti mwabwerera m’mbuyo zaka zikwi zambiri ndipo angakuthandizeni kuti muthe kudziona ngati kuti mukukhala monga anthu akale a ku Scandinavia ameneŵa.
[Mapu patsamba 12]
(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)
GREENLAND
CHILUMBA CHA BAFFIN
LABRADOR
NEWFOUNDLAND
L’ANSE AUX MEADOWS
[Chithunzi patsamba 12]
Snorri, Bwato la mamita 16 lopangidwa poyerekeza bwato la malonda la amalinyero otchedwa ma Viking, lotchewa Knarr
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
Nordfoto/Carl D. Walsh
[Chithunzi pamasamba 12, 13]
Nyumba za makoma a dothi ndi udzu zomangidwanso ku L’Anse aux Meadows
[Mawu a Chithunzi]
Malo a m’mbiri otchedwa L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site/UNESCO World Heritage Site
[Chithunzi patsamba 13]
Leif Eriksson