Mantha—Bwenzi Kapena Mdani?
“Ndimaganiza za mmene ndifuna kufera. Sindifuna kuwomberedwa mfuti, koma ngati andiwombera, ndifuna kuwomberedwa m’mutu pamphumipa, kotero kuti ndifere pamenepo.”
MTOLANKHANI wa Los Angeles Times anamva zimenezo kwa mtsikana wazaka 14. Iye anali kufunsa ophunzira ponena za kupha kwaposachedwa—achichepere akupha ponse paŵiri akulu ndi achichepere ena. Lipotilo linali ndi mutu wakuti: “Dziko la Mantha.”
Mukudziŵa bwino lomwe kuti ambiri akukhala m’dziko la mantha. Mantha a chiyani? Nkovuta kutchula mantha amodzi. Onani ngati mungapeze zinthu zimene anzanu kapena anthu ambiri kumene mumakhala amawopa m’bokosi lapambalipa. Ilo latengedwa mu Newsweek ya November 22, 1993, ndipo likusonyeza zopeza za kufunsa kochitidwa pa “ana 758 azaka za pakati pa 10 ndi 17, limodzi ndi makolo awo.”
Achicheperewo atafunsidwa tsopano, angatchule zifukwa zowonjezereka zochitira mantha, monga ngati zivomezi. Pambuyo pa chivomezi chowononga ku Los Angeles mu January 1994, Time inati: “Pakati pa zizindikiro za post-traumatic stress disorder [kupsinjika mtima pambuyo pokumana ndi zowopsa] pali zikumbukiro zosalamulirika za zochitika zakale, maloto owopsa, kukhala tcheru mopambanitsa ndi kukwiya chifukwa cha kulephera kulamulira moyo wa munthu mwini.” Wamalonda wina amene anaganiza zakusamuka kudera kumene chivomezicho chinachitika anati: “Kuwonongeka kwa zinthu sikuli kanthu. Koma kuwopsa kwakeko. Umapita kukagona osavula nsapato. Sugona. Umangokhala kuchiyembekezera usiku ulionse. Nzoipa.”
“Masoka Otsatizanatsatizana Akusiya Ajapan m’Mantha” unali mutu wa lipoti la pa April 11, 1995, lochokera ku Tokyo. Ilo linati: “Kutsegulira gasi yakupha pa anthu . . . kunali nkhonya yowopsa kwambiri kwa a Ajapan chifukwa kunali mbali ya zochitika zimene zonse pamodzi zinachititsa anthu kukhala ndi zikaikiro zazikulu zatsopano ponena za mtsogolo. . . . Anthu sakumvanso kukhala osungika m’makwalala amene kale anali odziŵika kaamba ka chisungiko chake usana kapena usiku.” Ndipo si achikulire okha amene akuwopa. “Profesa Ishikawa [wa pa Seijo University] ananena kuti nkhaŵayo . . . inali yaikulu kwenikweni pakati pa achichepere, amene kaŵirikaŵiri alibe chithunzi chabwino cha zimene zili mtsogolo mwawo.”
Maumboni amasonyeza kuti “mantha aakulu m’kamphindi angasinthe mkhalidwe wamakemikolo wa ubongo, akumachititsa anthu kukhudzidwa mosavuta ndi adrenaline m’matupi awo ngakhale patapita zaka makumi.” Asayansi akuyesa kudziŵa mmene ubongo umachitira ndi mkhalidwe wochititsa mantha—mmene timaonera zochitika zatsatanetsatane ndi kuchita mantha. Profesa Joseph LeDoux analemba kuti: “Mwakudziŵa njira za minyewa mwa zimene mkhalidwe umachititsa cholengedwa kukhala ndi mantha, tikhulupirira kuti tidzafotokoza momvekera bwino mmene chikumbukiro chimenechi chimagwirira ntchito.”
Ngakhale zili tero, ambiri a ife sitifuna kudziŵa kwambiri za makemikolo kapena minyewa imene imachititsa mantha. Kwenikweni tingafune kwambiri kudziŵa mayankho a mafunso aŵa onga ngati, Kodi nchifukwa ninji tili amantha? Kodi tiyenera kuchita motani? Kodi pali mantha abwino?
Mwachionekere mungavomereze kuti nthaŵi zina mantha angakuthandizeni. Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani kuti mukufika panyumba panu kutada. Chitseko nchotseguka pang’ono, ngakhale kuti munachisiya chotseka. Padzenera mukuona ngati kuti zithunzithunzi zikumayendayenda. Mukuuma thupi nthaŵi yomweyo, podziŵa kuti zinazake zalakwika kwambiri. Mwinamwake mkati muli mbala kapena munthu amene ali ndi mpeni.
Mantha anu achibadwa a mikhalidwe imeneyi angakuletseni kuloŵa mumkhalidwe wangozi mosasamala. Mantha angakuthandizeni kukhala ochenjera kapena kupeza thandizo musanayang’anizane ndi chivulazo chimene chingakhalepo. Pali zitsanzo zambiri zotere: chikwangwani chokuchenjezani za magetsi amphamvu; chilengezo cha pawailesi chonena za namondwe amene akuthamangira m’dera lanu; phokoso logonthetsa mkutu lochokera ku galimoto lanu pamene mukuyendetsa pa msewu wochuluka galimoto.
Nthaŵi zina mantha angakhaledi bwenzi. Angatithandize kudzitetezera kapena kuchita mwanzeru. Ngakhale zili tero, mukudziŵa bwino lomwe kuti mantha osalekeza kapena aakulu kwambiri sali bwenzi konse. Iwo ndi mdani. Angachitise kulephera kupuma bwino, kuthamanga kwa mtima, kukomoka, kunjenjemera, nseru, ndi kudzimva wopanda pake pamalowo.
Kungakhale kokondweretsa kwambiri kwa inu kudziŵa kuti Baibulo linanena kuti nthaŵi yathu idzakhala ndi zochitika zowopsa pa dziko lapansi ndi mantha aakulu. Kodi nchifukwa ninji zili motero, ndipo kodi ziyenera kukhala ndi chiyambukiro chotani pa moyo wanu ndi maganizo? Ndiponso, kodi nchifukwa ninji kunganenedwe kuti m’lingaliro la Baibulo, pali mantha ena a tsiku ndi tsiku amene kwenikweni ali othandiza ndi abwino? Tiyeni tione.
[Bokosi patsamba 3]
Atafunsidwa zimene iwo ndi mabanja awo amawopa kwambiri, akulu ndi ana amanena kuti amawopa:
ANA MAKOLO
56% Chiwawa pa wa m’banja 73%
53% Mkulu kuchoka ntchito 60%
43% Kusakwanitsa kupeza chakudya 47%
51% Kusakwanitsa kulipirira chipatala 61%
47% Kusakwanitsa kukhala ndi nyumba 50%
38% Wa m’banja kukhala ndi vuto la anamgoneka 57%
38% Banja lawo lidzasweka 33%
Magwero: Newsweek, November 22, 1993