Kuyang’anizana ndi Zenizeni:—Fodyayo Lerolino

ATAZIZWA kuti kufunika kwa ndudu kunakhalapodi, mkonzi wa Harvard Medical School Health Letter akufunsa kuti: “Kodi nchifukwa ninji mkhalidwe woipa womazimilirikawu, umene [m’ma-1870] unali wochititsa manyazi kwambiri mkati mwa ulamuliro wa Mfumu Yaikazi Victoria, unadzikhazikitsanzo mwadzidzidzi?” Inde, monga momwe chilengezo chaposachedwapa chimanenera modzitama kwa dona wosutayo kuti, “Wadza kuchokera kutali, mwanawe.” Olemba mbiri amalankhula za kumwerekera, zilengezo, ndi nkhondo kukhala zikumapeza chivomerezo cha onse cha fodya. “Kukumalondola kumwerekera, kulengeza ndilo bwenzi lamphamvu koposa la indasitale m’nkhondo yake yomenyera mitima ndi maganizo a wosuta.,” akusimba motero wofufuza waposachedwapa. Nzowona, koma kodi pali zowonjezereka ponena za nkhaniyo?

Nkhani Kutseri kwa Nkhani Ina

Kwa ophunzira Baibulo kudziwika kwanyengo yandudu sikungathe kuthetsedwa mosavuta. Kulekeranji? Chifukwa chakuti nyengoyo—makamaka chiyambire 1914—yakwaniritsa ulosi. Choyamba, mu 1914 ‘mtundu unaukirana ndi mtundu wina’ m’nkhondo yadziko. Ndiyeno, monga momwe Yesu Kristu adaneneratu mowonjezereka, chitaganya chaumunthu chinaipitsidwa ndi ‘kuwonjezereka kwa kusayeruzika.’ Pamene nkhondo inagwiritsa anthu mwala ndi kuthetsa kufunika kwawo kofanana ndi kwa m’nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mfumu Yaikazi Victoria, inalambula njira ya kuvomerezedwa kwandudu kosafanana ndi kwina m’mbiri uku.—Mateyu 24:7, 12.

Mu 1914 dziko linalowa munyengo ya nkhawa, ndipo indaisitale yopanga ndudu inalemelera. Osuta ochuluka anatembenukira ku chizolowezicho kuti alimbane ndi nkhawa ya chimene Baibulo limachitcha kukhala “nthawi zowawitsa.” Kunyengeza kwa zilengezozo ndi kudalira pachikonga zinathandizira kudzimwerekeretsa kukhala mchitidwe watsopano wachitaganya. Molondola, Baibulo lidaneneratu kuti anthu m’masiku otsiriza akakhala “okonda zokondweretsa munthu, osati okonda Mulungu.”—2 Timoteo 3:1-5.

Zonsezi ziyenera kutithandiza kuwona kufulumira kwa nthawi zathu. Koposa ndi ‘kusazindikira,’ monga momwe Yesu adanenera kuti anthu ena atero m’nthawi zovuta, tingathe kuphunzira phunziro lathu kuchokera m’mbiri. Baibulo limatilimbikitsa kuyembekezera Ufumu wa Mulungu, osati m’mikupiti yachabechabe ya kukonzanso dziko—ndipo osatinso m’maloto opanda pake akuti amitundu tsiku lina adzathetsa zizolowezi zawo zoipa.—Mateyu 24:14, 39.

Kodi Dziko Lingathe Kuthetsa Chizolowezicho?

Ziyembekezozo sizikuwonekera kukhala zotheka zoti dziko lithetse chizolowezi chake cha fodya. Mu 1962 Koleji ya Boma la Briteni ya Akatswiri azamankhwala poyamba inachenjeza motsutsana ndi kusuta. Koma 1981 inapeza Abritishi akumagula ndudu zokwanira mabiliyoni 110. Mkulu wa madokotala a opareshoni wa ku United States choyamba anachenjeza ponena za ngozi zathanzi mu 1964. Koma m’chaka chotsatira kugulitsa fodya kunali kwakukulu. Podzafika mu 1980 nzika Zachimereka zinali kugula ndudu zina zowonjezereka zokwanira mabiliyoni 135 chaka chirichonse koposa mu 1964, mosasamala kanthu za chenjezo la mkulu wa madokotala a opareshoni lonena za maupandu athanzi omwe akawonekera pa paketi lirilonse! Chenicheni nchakuti, tsopano dziko limagula ndudu zokwanira matiriliyoni anayi pachaka.

Kaya inu mwininu mumasuta kapena ayi, ndarama zopezedwa m’bizinesi ya fodya masiku ano ziyenera kukuuzani kuti maboma ndi andale zadziko sakuwonekera kuti angathetse malonda a kugulitsa fodya. Mwachitsanzo, m’United States, ngakhale kuli kwakuti anthu okwanira 350 000 amafa chaka chirichonse chifukwa cha kusuta ndudu, fodya imabweretsa ndarama zokwanira $21 biliyoni m’misonkho. Imaperekanso zintchito, mwachindunji kapena mosakhala mwachindunji, kwa anthu okwanira mamiliyoni awiri. Ndipo makampani olima fodya ali owononga ndarama aakulu. Kuzungulira padziko lonse, iwo amawonongera ndalama zokwanira $2 biliyoni (U.S.) pachaka kulengezera—zochepa kwambiri koposa ndi chiwonkhetso cha $7 miliyoni zimene gulu lotchedwa American Cancer Society ndi lotchedwa American Lung Association limawonongera pa maphunziro otsutsa kusuta fodya.

Kapena talingalirani za magulu awiri a Mitundu Yogwirizana ndi michitidwe yawo iwiri yowombana momvetsa chisoni ponena za mchitidwe wa fodya: WHO (Gulu Lowona za Thanzi la Dziko Lonse) posachedwapa linalengeza kuti kuletsa “mliri wa kusuta” m’mitundu ya Maiko Osatukuka “kukatha kuchita zambiri kukuwongolera thanzi ndi kukutalikitsa moyo . . . koposa ndi kachitidwe kena kalikonse m’mbali iriyonse yamankhwala otetezera.” Koma FAO (Gulu Lowona za Chakudya ndi Zamalimidwe) likunena kuti “kulima fodya kukudzetsa kupezeka kwa zintchito m’madera akumidzi pamlingo waukulu” m’Maiko Osatukuka. Gulu la FAO likufotokoza fodya monga “magwero ofunika kwambiri ndi osavuta kupezera ndalama zamsonkho” ikumapereka “zisonkhezero zamphamvu” kwa eni mafama za “kulima fodya” ndi kumaboma “kulimbikitsa kulimidwa ndi kupangidwa kwake.”

Kuyang’anizana ndi Zenizeni

Inde, chochitika chachilendo cha ndudu, makamaka chiyambire 1914, chimafunikiritsa kuyang’anizana ndi zenizeni. Ena amati, ‘Ngati kukuwonekera kukhala kwabwino, kuchiteni.’ Koma zenizeni zogwirizanitsa kusuta ndi matenda amapapu ndi amtima kumathetsa lingaliro losawona patali loterolo. M’Mangalande, kusuta kwanenedwa kukhala kukumapha anthu kuwirikiza nthawi zisanu ndi zitatu koposa ofera m’ngozi zapamsewu. Kuzungulira padziko lonse, chizolowezicho “chaphetsa anthu ambiri koposa nkhondo zonse za m’zaka za zana lino,” likutero lipoti la m’Manchester Guardian Weekly.

Kodi bwanji ponena za kumwerekera? Chenicheni chovutitsa maganizo nchakuti chikonga chimapanga mkhalidwe wa kudalira pamankhwala ogodomalitsa. Ndipo anthu olingalira ochuluka amaganiza kuti sangathe kunyalanyaza chivulazo chamakhalidwe abwino ndi chauzimu chogwirizanitsidwa nako.

Zikaikiro za Pamakhalidwe Abwino

Akristu amapeza zikaikiro zamakhalidwe abwino ndi Zamalemba ponena za kusuta fodya kukhala zamphamvu kwambiridi koposa machenjezo azamankhwala kapena a zathanzi. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwafodya kunayambidwa ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti zinthu zonse ziri ndi miyoyo, kukhulupirira mizimu, ndi kulambiridwa kwa milungu yopangidwa ndi anthu—yonseyo yotsutsidwa m’Baibulo kukhala machitachita oluluza amene amasiyanitsa munthu ndi Mlengi. (Wonani bokosi lakuti, “Tsamba Lopatulika Limene Linatchuka,” patsamba 4.) (Aroma 1:23-25) Kusuta nkodetsa, nkwangozi, ndi kotsutsana ndi miyezo yamakhalidwe abwino Yachikristu. (2 Akorinto 7:1) Chofunika koposa, kumwerekera kumalowetsa mkhalidwewo mu mchitidwe wa “nyanga”—liwu lotsutsira logwiritsiridwa ntchito m’Baibulo kaamba ka machitachita ovulaza mwauzimu ndi a kukhulupirira malaulo.—Wonani mawu amtsinde a Baibulo Lamalifurensi pa Chivumbulutso 21:8; 22:15.

Chotero, pali mkhalidwe wowopsa mchizolowezi chimene chimasangalatsa malingaliro a munthuwe movulaza thanzi la munthuwe, kuipitsa mpweya umene mnansi wa munthuwe ayenera kupuma, ndi kusonkhezera achichepere ofulumira kusonkhezeredwa kuyamba kuchita chimodzimodzi. Pambuyo pa kulingalira kwakutikwakuti ndipo mwinamwake kupendanso kovuta, osuta ochuluka asankha kuti ayenera kusiya—kaamba ka iwo eni ndi kaamba ka okondedwa awo.

Kubweza Mchitidwewo kuti Usachitikenso

Kuthetsa kumwerekera ndi fodya, inu mumayang’anizana ndi chitsenderezo kuchokera m’thupi la inumwini ndi kuchokera m’malo okuzungulirani. Monga wosuta, thupi lanu limadalira pachikonga. Inu mumakhala ndi chilakolako chofanana ndi chija cha osuta a zaka zana mmene iwo anamvera popeza kuti utsi wa ndudu unafikira kukhala wosakhoza kukokedwa. Zilengezo ndi magazine zimazendeweretsa chizolowezicho pamaso pa maganizo anu amkati, nthawi zonse akumachigwirizanitsa ndi chisangalalo, ufulu, kunyanyuka, kukongola, unamataya. Osuta anzanu amakhoterera kukuwona kusutako kukhala kovomerezeka, kotetezereka, kopanda liwongo, kokondweretsa, kwasitayero, kocholowana. Inu mwalola lingaliro la kusuta.

Mwachidule, kuti muthetse chizolowezicho, inu mwininu muyenera kubweza mchitidwe umene unagwira dziko. Malingaliro othandiza onga awo opezeka patsamba lino angakuthandizeni kuthetsa chizolowezi chadziko, koma sitepe loyamba nlofunika kwambiri: Dziwani chifukwa chake inu mukufuna kuleka. “Chosankha chiyenera kupangidwa mkati mwenimweni,” akutero Dr. C. F. Tate mu American Medical News. “Mwamsanga pamene chosankhachi chapangidwa, mbali yaikulu kopambana yankhondo yatha.”

Ndipo kodi bwanji ponena za dziko limene limawonekera kukhala losakhoza ndi losafunitsitsa kupanga masinthidwe amene inu mwininu mungathe kupanga? Ayi, chitaganya chaumunthu sichikuwonekera kuti chingathe kuthetsa machitachita a kudzipha onga a chikondi chake cha pandudu kupyolera mwa zoyesayesa zakezake. Koma tsimikiziridwani kuti Mulungu akulonjeza “kuwononga iwo akuwonga dziko.” (Chivumbulutso 11:18) Ndipo njira ya Mulungu yobweretsera zimenezi—boma lake la Ufumu wakumwamba—ndiyo chiyembekezo chanu champhamvu chakuti tsiku lina mudzawona thanzi lauzimu, lamakhalidwe abwino, ndi lakuthupi likumabwezeretsedwa kulikonse padziko lapansili.—Yesaya 33:24.

[Chithunzi patsamba 9]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

Ndalama zokwanira $2 biliyoni zolengezera ndudu chaka chirichonse nzochuluka kopambanitsa koposa ndalama zokwanira $7 miliyoni zamaphunziro otsutsa kusuta

Maphunziro Otsutsa Kusuta

Mamiliyoni 7

Kulengeza ndudu

Mabiliyoni 2

(danga lirilonse nlofanana ndi madolala miliyoni imodzi)