Chisudzulo—Maiko a Kum’maŵa Amasonkhezeredwa ndi a Kumadzulo

Yolembedwa ndi mtolankhani wa Galamukani! m’Japan

“NDILEKENI nanenso ndipume ntchito yanga.” Mawu ameneŵa anafika modzidzimutsa kwa manijala wa dipatimenti amene anapuma ntchito pakampani yamalonda yaikulu ku Japan. Mkazi wake anafuna kupuma pa kukhala mnzake wa muukwati ndi wosamalira nyumba. Dziko lawo likuyang’anizana ndi chiwonjezeko m’chiŵerengero cha chisudzulo, chimene, modabwitsa, chikuyambukira azaka zapakatikati ndi okalamba. Pagulu la anthu a zaka za m’ma 50 ndi 60, chiŵerengero cha zisudzulo chaŵirikiza katatu m’zaka 20. Kuthaŵa ukwati wawo kukuwonekera kukhala chosankha chawo chomalizira chopezera moyo wachimwemwe kwambiri.

Kumbali ina ya msinkhuwo, okwatirana achichepere amene amakwiyitsana panthaŵi yosangalala ndi ukwati wawo amasankha kukhala ndi chisudzulo chotchedwa Narita rikon (chisudzulo cha ku Narita). Narita ndi bwalo lalikulu landege la ku Tokyo, ndipo mawuwo amanena za okwatirana chatsopano amene amatsazikana ndi kuthetsa ukwati wawo atafika pa Narita. Kwenikweni, 1 mwa okwatirana 4 kapena 5 amayesa kusudzulana m’Japan. Iwo amawona chisudzulo kukhala njira yomkira kumoyo wachimwemwe kwambiri.

Ngakhale ku Hong Kong, kumene miyambo yakale ya ku China idakali yamphamvu, chiŵerengero cha chisudzulo chaŵirikiza kuposa kaŵiri m’zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pakati pa 1981 ndi 1987. Ku Singapore, chisudzulo pakati pa Asilamu ndi osakhala Asilamu chawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 70 peresenti pakati pa 1980 ndi 1988.

Zowona, malingaliro a akazi a Kum’maŵa aponderezedwa kwanthaŵi yaitali. Mwachitsanzo, masiku akale m’Japan, mwamuna akanakhoza kusudzula mkazi wake mwakungolemba “mizera itatu ndi theka.” Iye anangofunikira kulemba mawu a mizera itatu ndi theka otsimikizira za chisudzulocho ndi kupatsa mkazi wake pepalalo. Kumbali ina, zinali zovuta kwa mkazi wake kupeza chisudzulo kusiyapo kokha mwakuthaŵira kukachisi amene anatetezera akazi othaŵa amuna ankhanza. Pokhala opanda njira zodzichilikizira, akazi ambiri anafunikira kupirira maukwati opanda chikondi ndipo ngakhale mkhalidwe woipa wachisembwere wa amuna awo.

Lerolino, amuna ambiri amene amadziloŵetsamo kwambiri m’ntchito yawo amanyalanyaza kotheratu mabanja awo. Iwo samawona cholakwika m’kukhalira moyo kampani yawo. Pokhala odzipereka motero pantchito, iwo amanyalanyaza kufunika kwa kulankhulana ndi akazi awo ndipo amawawona kukhala antchito osalipidwa amene amawaphikira, kuwayeretsera, ndi kuwachapira zovala.

Komabe, kufalikira kwa malingaliro a Kumadzulo kukusintha njira imene akazi a Kum’maŵa amawonera ukwati ndi moyo wabanja. Asia Magazine inati: “‘Ufulu’ wa akazi ndiwo chinthu chimodzi chachikulu koposa chochititsa kuwonjezeka kwa chisudzulo m’Asia.” Anthony Yeo, mkulu wa gulu la ku Singapore la Counselling and Care Centre, anati: “Akazi akhala oumirira kwambiri kupeza zoyenera zawo ndi kuzindikira kwambiri ulemu wawo. Iwo sakufunanso kukhala olekerera ndi kupirira mwakachetechete mkhalidwe woipa. Akazi amakono ali ndi zosankha zochuluka ndipo samalekerera kunyalanyazidwa ndi kuchitiridwa nkhanza. Ndipo chisudzulo ndicho chosankha chenicheni cha awo amene sangapeze chimwemwe m’banja, makamaka popeza manyazi ogwirizanitsidwa ndi chisudzulo achepetsedwa ndipo palibenso manyazi omwe analipo zaka 25 zapitazo.”

Maiko a Kumadzulo nawonso akumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu m’zaka pafupifupi 25 zapitazo. Samuel H. Preston anatcha kusinthako kukhala “chinthu chimene chinasokoneza kwakukulu banja Lachimereka m’zaka 20 zapita.” Mu 1985 pafupifupi mbali imodzi mwa mabanja anayi a mabanja onse okhala ndi ana osafika zaka 18 anali mabanja a kholo limodzi, kwakukulukulu chifukwa cha chisudzulo. Kunalingaliridwa kuti 60 peresenti ya ana obadwa mu 1984 angadzakhale m’banja la kholo limodzi asanakwanitse zaka 18.

Popeza kuti mgwirizano wa ukwati ukufooka, kodi chisudzulo chilidi njira yomkira kumoyo wachimwemwe kwambiri? Kuti tiyankhe, tiyeni tiyambe tapenda zimene zinachititsa anthu kuwona chisudzulo kukhala mankhwala a mavuto awo a m’banja.

[Bokosi patsamba 6]

Zotulukapo za “Kukhala m’Banja Monga Osudzulana”

KUMBUYO kwa chiŵerengero cha zisudzulo zenizeni kuli zisudzulo “zobisika.” M’Japan, kumene akazi ambiri adakali kudalira pa amuna awo m’zachuma ndipo akali otsenderezedwa ndi mwambo wopitirizabe wa ulamuliro wa amuna, okwatirana angamakhale m’nyumba imodzi monyong’onyeka mumkhalidwe wotchedwa “kukhala m’banja monga osudzulana.” Mumkhalidwe umenewo, akazi amathera nyonga yawo yonse m’kulera ana. Kaŵirikaŵiri anakubala ameneŵa amakhala ochinjiriza mopambanitsa, kukupanga kukhala kovuta kwa anawo mtsogolo kukhala odziimira paokha.

Chotsatirapo nchakuti, pamene ana aamuna a anakubala oterowo akula ndi kukwatira, ambiri a iwo amavutika ndi “mkhalidwe wosafuna kukhudzana kwachikondi kwakuthupi.” Iwowa samakhudza konse akazi awo mwachikondi, ngakhale pambuyo pa zaka zambiri za moyo wabanja. Iwo amavutika ndi matenda amene atchedwa kuti, “Ndimakonda Amayi” ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amakwatira chifukwa chakuti amayi awo anawauza kutero. Malinga nkunena kwa Asahi Evening News, Dr. Yasushi Narabayashi, amene ali katswiri wopereka uphungu muukwati, akunena kuti vutolo lakhala likuwonjezereka kwa zaka khumi ndi kuti pali amuna zikwi makumi ambiri amene amawopa kukafunafuna uphungu chifukwa cha manyazi.