Ni Iki Kiba ku Bugingo Igihe cyo Gupfa?
“Inyigisho ivuga ko ubugingo bw’umuntu budapfa, kandi ko buzakomeza kubaho na nyuma yo gupfa kwe no kubora k’umubiri we, ni imwe mu bigize urufatiro rwa filozofiya na tewolojiya bya Gikristo.”—Byavanywe mu nkoranyamagambo yitwa “NEW CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA.”
1. Ni iki inkoranyamagambo yitwa New Catholic Encyclopedia yemeza ku bihereranye no gukomeza kubaho k’ubugingo nyuma yo gupfa?
ARIKO kandi, igitabo cyavuzwe haruguru cyemera ko “igitekerezo cyerekeranye n’uko ubugingo bukomeza kubaho nyuma yo gupfa, kitagaragara neza muri Bibiliya.” None se mu by’ukuri, Bibiliya yigisha iki ku bihereranye n’ikiba ku bugingo igihe cyo gupfa?
Abapfuye Baba Bari mu Mimerere yo Kutagira Ubwimenye
2, 3. Ni iyihe mimerere abapfuye baba barimo, kandi se, ni iyihe mirongo y’Ibyanditswe ibigaragaza?
2 Imimerere y’abapfuye, igaragazwa neza mu Mubwiriza 9:5, 10, aho dusoma ngo “abapfuye nta cyo bakizi . . . ikuzimu aho uzajya nta mirimo, nta n’imigambi uzahabona, haba no kumenya cyangwa ubwenge.” Bityo rero, urupfu ni imimerere yo kutabaho. Umwanditsi wa Zaburi yanditse avuga ko iyo umuntu apfuye, ‘asubira mu butaka bwe; uwo munsi imigambi ye igashira.’—Zaburi 146:4.
3 Rero, abapfuye bari mu mimerere yo kutagira ubwimenye, nta cyo bakora. Igihe Imana yaciragaho iteka Adamu, yagize iti “uri umukungugu, mu mukungugu ni mo uzasubira” (Itangiriro 3:19). Mbere y’uko Imana irema Adamu imuvanye mu mukungugu wo mu gitaka kandi ikamuha ubuzima, ntiyari ariho. Igihe Adamu yapfaga, yasubiye muri iyo mimerere. Igihano cye cyabaye urupfu—si ukujyanwa mu bundi buturo.
Ubugingo Bushobora Gupfa
4, 5. Tanga ingero zo muri Bibiliya, zigaragaza ko ubugingo bushobora gupfa.
4 Igihe Adamu yapfaga, byagendekeye bite ubugingo bwe? Twibuke ko muri Bibiliya, akenshi ijambo “ubugingo” ryerekeza gusa ku muntu. Bityo rero, iyo tuvuze ko Adamu yapfuye, tuba tuvuze ko ubugingo bwitwa Adamu bwapfuye. Ibyo bishobora kumvikana nk’aho ari ibintu bidasanzwe ku muntu ufite imyizerere y’ukudapfa k’ubugingo. Ariko kandi, Bibiliya igira iti “ubugingo bukora icyaha ni bwo buzapfa” (Ezekiyeli 18:4). Mu Balewi 21:1 havugwamo “ubugingo bwapfuye” (NW) (“umubiri,” Bible de Jérusalem). Kandi, Abanaziri bari barabwiwe ko batagombaga kwegera “ubugingo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwapfuye” (NW) (“intumbi,” Bibliya Yera).—Kubara 6:6.
5 Imvugo nk’iyo yerekeranye n’ubugingo, iboneka mu 1 Abami 19:4. Eliya wari uhangayitse cyane, “yatangiye gusaba ko ubugingo bwe bwapfa,” (NW). Mu buryo nk’ubwo, Yona ‘yisabiye gupfa [“ko ubugingo bwe bwapfa,” NW ]; avuga ati “gupfa bindutiye kubaho”’ (Yona 4:8). Yesu na we yakoresheje interuro ngo “kwica ubugingo” (NW), interuro Bibliya Yera ihinduramo “kwica” (Mariko 3:4). Rero, gupfa k’ubugingo nta kindi bishaka kuvuga kitari ugupfa k’umuntu.
“Igenda” n’‘Igaruka’
6. Ni iki Bibiliya yashakaga kuvuga igihe ivuga ko ubugingo bwa Rasheli bwari “mu igenda”?
6 Ariko se, bite ku bihereranye n’urupfu rubabaje rwa Rasheli, urwo yapfuye igihe yabyaraga umwana we wa kabiri? Mu Itangiriro 35:18, dusoma ngo “ubugingo bwe buri mu igenda, yita umwana Benoni, ariko se amwita Benyamini.” Mbese, uwo murongo waba ugaragaza ko hari ikintu Rasheli yari afite muri we cyamuvuyemo ubwo yapfaga? Si ko biri. Twibuke ko ijambo “ubugingo” rishobora no kwerekeza ku buzima umuntu afite. Rero aha ngaha, imvugo ngo “ubugingo” bwa Rasheli, ishaka kuvuga gusa ko ari “ubuzima” bwe. Ni yo mpamvu iyo nteruro ivuga ngo “ubugingo bwe buri mu igenda,” izindi Bibiliya ziyihinduramo ngo “ubuzima bwe bwari burimo bukendera” (Knox), “yahumetse umwuka we wa nyuma” (Bible de Jérusalem), na “ubuzima bwamuvuyemo” (Bible in Basic English). Nta kigaragaza ko hari igice kimwe mu byari bigize Rasheli, cy’amayobera, cyakomeje kubaho nyuma yo gupfa kwe.
7. Ni mu buhe buryo ubugingo bw’umuhungu w’umupfakazi wazutse ‘bwamugarutsemo’?
7 Ibyo ni kimwe n’ibihereranye no kuzuka k’umuhungu w’umupfakazi, uvugwa mu 1 Abami igice cya 17. Ku murongo wa 22, dusoma ko igihe Eliya yasengaga asabira uwo muhungu, ‘Uwiteka yumviye Eliya, ubugingo bw’uwo mwana bumusubiramo, arahembuka.’ Aha nanone, ijambo “ubugingo” risobanura “ubuzima.” Ni yo mpamvu Bibiliya yitwa New American Standard Bible ivuga ngo “ubuzima bw’uwo mwana bumugarukamo, maze yongera kuba muzima.” Ni koko, ubuzima ni bwo bwasubiye muri uwo muhungu, aho kuba ikintu runaka kidafudutse. Ibyo bihuje n’ibyo Eliya yabwiye nyina w’uwo muhungu agira ati “nguyu umwana wawe [umuntu wuzuye], ni muzima.”—1 Abami 17:23.
Ikibazo cy’Ingorabahizi ku Bihereranye n’“Imimerere y’Agateganyo”
8. Ni iki abiyita Abakristo benshi bizera ku bihereranye n’uko bizagenda mu gihe cy’umuzuko?
8 Abantu benshi bitwa Abakristo, biringira ko mu gihe kizaza hazabaho umuzuko, maze muri icyo gihe imibiri ikazahura n’ubugingo budapfa. Hanyuma, abazutse bazashyirwa aho bateganyirijwe mbere y’igihe—ni ukuvuga ingororano ku bantu bitwaye neza, cyangwa igihano ku bagome.
9. Imvugo ngo “imimerere y’agateganyo” isobanura iki, kandi ni iki bamwe bavuga ku bihereranye n’ubugingo muri icyo gihe?
9 Icyo gitekerezo kiroroshye. Ariko kandi, abemera imyizerere y’ukudapfa k’ubugingo, bagira ingorane zo gusobanura uko bigendekera ubugingo mu gihe cyo hagati yo gupfa no kuzuka. Mu by’ukuri, iyo ‘mimerere y’agateganyo’ nk’uko ikunze kwitwa, yagiye itangwaho ibitekerezo binyuranye mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi. Bamwe bavuga ko muri icyo gihe, ubugingo bujya muri purugatori, aho bushobora kubanza kwezwaho ibyaha kugira ngo bubone kuba bukwiriye kujya mu ijuru.a
10. Kuki binyuranye n’Ibyanditswe kwizera ko ubugingo bumara igihe runaka muri purugatori nyuma yo gupfa, kandi ni gute ibyabaye kuri Lazaro bibyemeza?
10 Ariko kandi, nk’uko twabibonye, ubugingo ni umuntu. Iyo umuntu apfuye, ubugingo burapfa. Bityo rero, nta bwimenye bubaho nyuma yo gupfa. Mu by’ukuri, igihe Lazaro yapfaga, Yesu Kristo ntiyavuze ko yari muri purugatori, mu Irimbi, cyangwa ahandi hantu aho ari ho hose “mu mimerere y’agateganyo.” Ahubwo, Yesu yarivugiye ati ‘Lazaro arasinziriye’ (Yohana 11:11). Uko bigaragara, Yesu, we wari uzi ukuri ku bihereranye n’ikiba ku bugingo igihe cyo gupfa, yizeraga ko Lazaro yari mu mimerere yo kutagira ubwimenye, ko atariho.
Umwuka Ni Iki?
11. Kuki ijambo “umwuka” ridashobora kuba ryerekeza ku kintu cyiyambura umubiri w’umuntu gikomeza kubaho nyuma yo gupfa?
11 Bibiliya ivuga ko iyo umuntu apfuye, “umwuka we umuvamo, agasubira mu butaka bwe” (Zaburi 146:4). Mbese, ibyo byaba bishatse kuvuga ko umwuka wiyambuye umubiri ugenda ibi byo kugenda maze ugakomeza kubaho nyuma yo gupfa k’umuntu. Ibyo si ko biri, kuko umwanditsi wa Zaburi yakomeje agira ati “uwo munsi imigambi ye i[r]ashira” (“ibitekerezo bye byose birashira,” New English Bible). None se, umwuka ni iki, kandi ni gute ‘uva’ mu muntu igihe cyo gupfa kwe?
12. Amagambo y’Igiheburayo n’Ikigiriki yahinduwemo “ubugingo” muri Bibiliya, asobanura iki?
12 Muri Bibiliya ijambo ryahinduwemo “umwuka” (mu Giheburayo, ruʹach; mu Kigiriki, pneuʹma) mu buryo bw’ibanze, risobanurwa ngo “guhumeka”. Ni yo mpamvu aho kuvuga ngo “umwuka we umuvamo, ubuhinduzi bwa R. A. Knox bukoresha interuro ivuga ngo “uguhumeka kuva mu mubiri we” (Zaburi 145:4, Knox). Ariko kandi, ijambo “umwuka” risobanura ibirenze igikorwa cyo guhumeka. Urugero, mu kuvuga iby’irimbuka ry’abantu n’inyamaswa mu gihe cy’umwuzure w’isi yose, mu Itangiriro 7:22 hagira hati “ibifite umwuka w’ubugingo [“imbaraga y’ubuzima,” NW ] [cyangwa umwuka; mu Giheburayo, ruʹach] mu mazuru byose, ibiri ku butaka byose, birapfa.” Bityo rero, “umwuka” ushobora kwerekeza ku mbaraga y’ubuzima ikorera mu biremwa byose bizima, ari abantu ari n’inyamaswa, kandi ikabeshwaho no guhumeka.
13. Ni mu buhe buryo umwuka ushobora kugereranywa n’umuriro w’amashanyarazi?
13 Dufate urugero rw’igikoresho gikoresha ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Iyo amashanyarazi abuze, icyo gikoresho kirahagarara nticyongere gukora. Nta bwo amashanyarazi ahinduka ikindi gikoresho gitandukanye n’icyo. Mu buryo nk’ubwo iyo umuntu apfuye, umwuka we ureka guha imbaraga ingirabuzimafatizo z’umubiri. Nta bwo uva mu mubiri ngo ujye ahandi mu bundi buturo.—Zaburi 104:29.
14, 15. Ni gute umwuka usubira ku Mana mu gihe cyo gupfa?
14 None se, kuki mu Mubwiriza 12:7 havuga ko iyo umuntu apfuye, ‘umwuka usubira ku Mana yawutanze’? Mbese, ibyo byaba bishaka kuvuga ko umwuka wambukiranya ikirere maze ukajya aho Imana iri? Nta kintu nk’icyo dusanga muri ayo magambo. Ibuka ko umwuka ari imbaraga y’ubuzima. Mu gihe iyo mbaraga y’ubuzima igiye, Imana ni yo yonyine ifite ubushobozi bwo kongera kuyigarura. Rero, umwuka ‘usubira ku Mana’ mu buryo bw’uko ibyiringiro byo kuzongera kubaho k’uwo muntu, biba bisigaye ku Mana honyine.
15 Imana yonyine ni yo ishobora kongera kugarura uwo mwuka, cyangwa imbaraga y’ubuzima, ituma umuntu yongera kubaho (Zaburi 104:30). Ariko se, Imana yaba iteganya kuzabigenza ityo?
[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]
a Dukurikije uko inkoranyamagambo yitwa New Catholic Encyclopedia ibivuga, “Abapadiri ba [Kiliziya] muri rusange, bemeza neza ko purugatori ibaho.” Nyamara kandi, icyo gitabo kinemeza ko “inyigisho ya Gatolika ihereranye na purugatori, ishingiye ku nyigisho z’uruhererekane, aho gushingira ku Byanditswe Byera.”
[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 23]
Kwibuka imibereho yo mu gihe cyahise
NIBA ARI NTA KINTU gikomeza kubaho nyuma yo gupfa k’umubiri, twavuga iki noneho ku bihereranye n’abihandagaza bavuga ko bibuka imibereho bagize mu bundi buzima?
Umuhindi w’intiti witwa Nikhilananda, avuga ko ‘ibiba ku muntu nyuma yo gupfa bidashobora gusobanurwa mu buryo bwumvikana.’ Mu kiganiro mbwirwaruhame cyari gifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ingero z’Imyizerere mu Byerekeranye n’[Ubuzima bw’Iteka] mu Madini,” umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya witwa Hans Küng yagize ati “nta n’imwe mu nkuru—ahanini zituruka mu bana cyangwa se mu bihugu bituyemo abantu bizera ko nyuma yo gupfa k’umuntu ubugingo bwe bwimuka bukajya mu wundi mubiri—zihereranye no kwibuka imibereho umuntu yahoranye mu bundi buzima, zishobora kwemezwa.” Yongeyeho ati “abenshi mu [bakora ubushakashatsi muri ibyo bakorana umwete bifashishije ubuhanga mu bya siyansi] bemeza ko ibyo bagezeho bidatanga urufatiro rw’igihamya cyemeza by’ukuri ko habaho uruhererekane rw’imibereho igenda igaruka mu buzima ku isi.”
Bite se niba wumva wibuka ko waba waragize indi mibereho mu bundi buzima mu gihe cyahise? Ibyiyumvo nk’ibyo bishobora guturuka ku mpamvu zitandukanye. Ibyinshi mu byo twumva, bibikwa ahantu runaka hihishe mu bwenge bwacu, bitewe n’uko tuba tutari bubikoreshe uwo mwanya. Iyo ibyibagiranye bigarutse mu bwenge, abantu bamwe babifata nk’aho ari igihamya kigaragaza imibereho yabo yo mu bundi buzima. Ariko kandi, ikigaragara ni uko nta bindi bihamya bidashidikanywaho tuzi bihereranye n’imibereho yo mu bundi buzima bitari ibyo tuzi ubu. Abantu benshi cyane bariho ku isi, nta kintu na kimwe bibuka gihereranye no kuba barabayeho mbere mu bundi buzima; nta n’ubwo batekereza ko bashobora kuba baragize imibereho mu bundi buzima mu gihe cyahise.