“Kushanyira Maguta Ose”
ACHINGUNOVERI pasi pano Kristu Jesu “akashanyira maguta ose nemisha, achidzidzisa mumasinagoge uye achiparidzira mashoko akanaka oumambo.” (Mateo 9:35, NW) Avo vanoshuva kutevera tsoka dzake nenzira yakafanana vakakumbirwa kuzoparidza mumaguta enyika. Imomo vaizonangana nezvinetso zvinozivikanwa navose kumaguta ndokugombedzerwa kugonana nazvo.
Shanyo yenhau yamaguta inopa mufananidzo wenguva dzakanaka nedzakashata dzezviuru zvamakore okuvapo kwomunhu, mifaro nokuora mwoyo kwokuedza kwomunhu kuwana mufarwa. Kunzverwa kwakajeka kwamaguta kunoroverera patiri idi rokuti dzinza rose romunhu rinongova bedzi mhuri imwe chete, yakanangana nezvinetso zvavose. Hapafaniri kuva nehwaro nhasi hworudado rwourudzi kana kuti fungira mano akaipa edzinza.
Nenzira inosuruvarisa, vanhu vakawanda havazivi zvakawanda pamusoro pamaguta, kwete kunyange kwaari. Apo vadzidziswa vapayunivhesiti yeUnited States vakakumbirwa pakati pama 1980 kuti varatidzire kuti maguta akati ari kupi, vamwe vavo vakaratidzira kuti Dublin (Ireland) iri muUnited States uye Lima (Peru) muItaly.
Bvunzo yakaitwa makore mashomanene pamberi pezvi pane imwe yunivhesiti yakazivisa kuti inodokuva hafu yavadzidziswa yakanga isingakwanisi kuratidzira kuti London iri pai pamapu yenyika. Vamwe vakaratidzira kuti iri paIceland, vamwe muContinental Europe. Purofesa anoitisa bvunzo yacho akadanidzira kuti 42 muzana yavadzidziswa “yakashaya” London chose chose. Chinotokwenudza zvikuru, 8 muzana “yakashaya” guta reAmerica umo bvunzo yakanga ichiitirwa!
Asika vaAmerica sezvinooneka havasati vari ivo voga bedzi vane utera muzivo yomugariro wapasi. Pakupera kwama 1980, bvunzwo yavadzidziswa mumarudzi gumi yakaratidzira kuti vaSweden vanoita zvakanakisisa uye vaAmerica vanova vechitanhatu. Koreji yeSayenzi yeyaichimbova Soviet Union yakawana kuti 13 muzana yavadzidziswa veSoviet vakanzverwa vakanga vasingakwanisi kuwana kunyange nyika yavo vamene pamapu yenyika. Mutezo weKoreji Vladimir Andriyenkov akataura nokukwenudzwa, achiti: “Miuyo haidaviriki.”
Zvakadiniko newe? Zivo yako yomugariro wapasi wose zvawo neyamaguta zvikurukuru yakanaka zvakadini? Zvakadiniko nokuzvibvunza umene kupfurikidza nomubvunzo uri papeji 10? Unogona kudzidza maidi anofadza kupfurikidza no“Kusanonzvera Maguta.”
[Bhokisi riri papeji 10, 11]
Unogona Kuziva Guta Here?
Nzwananisa rondedzero dzinotevera neguta rakakodzera.
1. Guta redzimbahwe rakakwirira zvikurusa munyika.
2. Guta gurusa munyika ine chiverengero chikurusa chavagari vemo chenyika.
3. Zita raro rapamutemo kunyange zvazvo risingawanzoshandiswa rinoumbwa namashoko 27, rutivi rwaro rwokutanga rwakafanana murevo neriya reLos Angeles; riri pakati penzvimbo inorimwa mupunga. Rine tembere dzechiBuddha dzinopfuura 400.
4. Rine chiverengero chavagari vemo icho—kunze kwamamwe maguta mana—chakakwirira nekane kaviri kupfuura rimwe guta ripi neripi munyika.
5. Rakarasikirwa nachinodokuva chikamu chimwe chezvina chemirioni chavagari vemo mungwavaira ya 1976.
6. Musimboti wenzvimbo yamachira yorudzi rwaro, iri guta rakaita basa guru muchinjo yenzvimbo yamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu.
7. Raichimborangarirwa serimwe ramaguta ane tsvina zvikurusa eEurope, nhasi ndiro rakakurumbira renyika nokuda kwechizoro chine zita raro.
8. Inodokuva mitauro 60 inotaurwa mune iri guta rechiteshi chengarava reAsia. Rakanga riri dzimbahwe renyika yaro kubvira muna 1833 kusvikira 1912.
9. Dzimbahwe rakadeya kugadzirwa, rakarongedzerwa kwenguva refu, rakava chinhu chaichoicho muna 1960.
10. Rinowanwa pamugumo wezambuko rakareba makiromita 100, munharaunda yariri iro ndirimwe ramaguta makurusa munyika.
11. Rakadokuparadzwa chose chose nokudengenyeka kwapasi muna 1755, rine mutengo wakaderera zvikurusa wezvokurarama nazvo kupfuura guta redzimbahwe ripi neripi mukati meNzanga yeEurope.
12. Rakaumbwa pamutemo pakazosvika 1873, apo nzanga dziri mhiri kwoRwizi rwaDanube dzakakumbaniranawo dzakabatana muzita rimwe.
13. Vaongorori vePortugal vakaposha mukova wechiteshi charo chengarava vachifunga kuti muromo worwizi, nokudaro ndokuritumidza zita iro rinaro zvino.
14. Rakavakwa muna 1788 senzvimbo yetorongo, ndirimwe ramaguta ari kumaodzanyemba zvikurusa oukuru hwaro munyika.
15. Rine midzi yakasimba yorudzidziso, iri guta rakava rinosanozivikanwa nokuda kwokuungana kwechienzi kwepati yetii kwezvamatongerwe enyika.
16. Muna 1850, Mambo Kamehameha III akarizivisa sedzimbahwe roumambo hwake: zita raro rinoreva kuti “Chiteshi Chengarava Chakadzivirirwa,” uye mugariro waro wokunze unodziya gore rose unoriita mufaro wevashanyi.
17. Padzimwe nguva rinonzi guta rizere nemhepo, pane imwe nguva rakambodokuparadzwa nomwoto; nhasi rinoratidzira zvivako zvirefu zvikurusa munyika.
18. Pamberi pa 1966, rainzi Léopoldville.
19. Ragara somumwe wavatongi vakatanhamara zvikurusa veGirisi, iri guta rinoyeukwa navadzidzi veBhaibheri senzvimbo umo shanduro yechiGiriki yakakurumbira yaMagwaro echiHebheru yakaitwa.
20. Kukura kwaro kwokukurumidza kwakabva mukuwanwa kwegoridhe iri pedyopo, uye rakatanhamara mukuti ndiro guta bedzi romwero waro munyika isingawanwi mumhenderekedzo kana kuti mumahombekombe enyanza kana kuti rwizi.
Alexandria, Egypt
Bangkok, Thailand
Boston, U.S.A.
Brasília, Brazil
Budapest, Hungary
Calcutta, India
Chicago, U.S.A.
Cologne, Germany
Hong Kong
Honolulu, Hawaii,
U.S.A.
Johannesburg,South Africa
Kinshasa, Zaire
La Paz, Bolivia
Lisbon, Portugal
Manchester, England
Oslo, Norway
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Shanghai, China
Sydney, Australia
Tangshan, China
[Bhokisi riri papeji 11]
Mhinduro:
1. La Paz, rinowanwa pakati pamamita 3 250 ne 4 100 pamusoro pegungwa, rakavakwa navaSpania muna 1548.
2. “Shanghai” rinoreva kuti “Mugungwa,” uye pamwe chete nokuva chimwe chezviteshi zvikurusa zvengarava nyika, ndiro musimboti weChina wedzidzo yapamusoro zvikuru nokunzvera kwesayenzi.
3. Rutivi rwokutanga rwezita rapamutemo reBangkok iKrung Thep, iro rinoreva kuti “Guta reNgirozi”; muchiSpania, “Los Angeles” rinoreva “kuti ngirozi.” Nepo Bangkok yakatanga migwagwa yayo yemvura mikuru, mizhinji yemikoto yayo yakakurumbira yakafushirwa kuti iite migwagwa.
4. Hong Kong, ine vanhu vane 96 000 pakiromita rakaenzana kumativi mana ose, rinoteverwa neLagos, Nigeria (55 000); Dacca, Bangladesh (53 000); Djakarta, Indonesia (50 000); uye Bombay, India (49 000).
5. Muna 1976, China yakarovanywa nokumwe kwokudengenyeka kwapasi kwakaipisisa munhau yazvino uno, kuchipima 7,8 pachiyero cheRichter. Tangshan yakadokuchecheteredzwa; vanhu vanodokuva 240 000 vakaurawa.
6. Manchester, inowanwa makiromita 240 kuchamhembe kweLondon, yakava musimboti wenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu nokukurumidza zvikuru zvokuti pakati pa 1821 na 1831, chiverengero chavagari vemo chayo chakakura ne 45 muzana.
7. Pamavambo ezana ramakore rechi 19, Cologne nomutoo wakakurumbira rakava rimwe ramaguta matatu ane tsvina zvikurusa munyika—Calcutta, Constantinople, uye Cologne—chiri chikonzero nei varwi veFrance vakagara imomo “vaifukidza zviso zvavo nehengechepfu dzakanyikwa muEau de Cologne kudzivisa kunhuhwa kweweti yakanekeshera muguta.”—Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger.
8. Calcutta iguta gurusa rechitatu reIndia uye rakatsiviwa sedzimbahwe neNew Delhi.
9. Yakakarakadzwa muna 1789 ndokubatanidzwa muBumbiro Remitemo ra 1891, pfungwa yokuva nedzimbahwe pakati peBrazil yakava chinhu chaichoicho muna 1960 neBrasília. Kuvakwa kwaro munharaunda umo makanga musina kumbovakwa chinhu kare kwakapa banza risiri renguva dzose rokusvitsa kukupedza “rongedzero yeguta rose ine nhevedzano murongedzero inooneka, chimiro chechivako, kugara kwavanhu.”—Encyclopædia Britannica.
10. Oslo, dzimbahwe reNorway, rine nharaunda yamakiromita akaenzana kumativi mana ose 453, ukurusa hwaro huri makomo azere nemiti nenyanza.
11. Chechi dzakanga dzakazara pamangwanani aNovember 1, 1755, mukuchengetwa kweZuva raVasande, apo Lisbon rakaparadzanywa nokumwe kwokudengenyeka kwapasi kukurusa kwakanyorwa munhau, kumwe kwakauraya vanhu vane 30 000.
12. Muna 1873 taundi rePest, kurutivi rwokumabvazuva kwoRwizi rwaDanube, uye Buda, pamwe chete neÓbuda neMargaret Island, kurutivi rwokumadokero, akabatana pamutemo kuva Budapest, mamwe amaguta anokwezva zvikurusa eEurope, aichimbozivikanwa seMambokadzi weDanube.
13. Mashoko echiPutukezi nokuda kwo“rwizi” uye nokuda kwa“January”—vaongorori vakasvika pana January 1, 1502—akabatanidzwa kuita zita rokuti Rio de Janeiro.
14. Muna January 1788 vapari mhaka vanenge 750 vakasvika vachibva Britain sehwaro hwenzvimbo yokumwe yetorongo; nhasi Sydney iguta rekaresa negurusa reAustralia.
15. Kwaanodokuva mazana matatu amakore, maguta mashomanene akapesvedzera upenyu muUnited States kupfuura zvakaita Boston, rakavakwa navaPuritan avo vakatiza Europe nemhaka yechitambudzo chorudzidziso. Muna 1773 vagari vemo varo vakabetsera kunyandura Kumukira kweAmerica apo, vachinyepedzera kuva Makura, vakakuturira mitwaro yengarava yetii muchiteshi chengarava cheBoston kuti varambe kuripirwa kwemitero kuBritain pasina betsero yokuva navamiriri.
16. Yaichimbova nzvimbo yavatengesi vamapuranga newhale, yakagarwa mukutevedzana navaRussia, vaBritain, uye vaFrance, Honolulu yakadzorerwa kuna Mambo Kamehameha III. Muna 1850 akaizivisa kuva dzimbahwe roumambo hwake. Hawaii yakava ruwa rweUnited States muna 1900 uye yakawana mugariro wokuva hurumende muna 1959.
17. Vamwe vanoidza Chicago guta chairo reUnited States, vachiratidzira mativi akanakisisa neakaipisisa enyika. Rutivi rukuru rweguta rwakaparadzwa nomwoto muna 1871 apo mombe yaMai O’Leary sezvinofungidzirwa yakabanha rambi rinobvira muhozi. Vanhu vanenge 250 vakafa, uye 90 000 vakasiiwa vasina dzimba. Sears Tower yeChicago, pamamita 443, ndiyo chivako chirefu zvikurusa munyika.
18. Muna 1960, Léopoldville, rakatumidzwa zita ramambo weBelgium Leopold II, rakava dzimbahwe reRepublic of the Congo pashure pokuwa kweBelgian Congo. Muna 1971 zita renyika rakachinjwa kuva Zaire; muna 1966 guta redzimbahwe rakatumidzwazve kuti Kinshasa.
19. Alexandria rakawana zita raro kubva mune rero raAlexander Mukuru, uyo akaraira kuti rivakwe muna 332 P.N.V. Asingasviki makore ane zana gare gare, vagari vechiJudha—zvichida mukati mokutonga kwaPtolemy II Philadelphus (285-246 P.N.V.)—akavamba kushandurira Magwaro echiHebheru muchiGiriki kuti abudise Septuagint.
20. Johannesburg, risiri pamahombekombe, nyanza, kana kuti rwizi, rakava nechimiro charo cheguta guru nemhaka yokuwanwa kwendarama muna 1886. Rakakura kubva pavagari vemo vane 2 000 muna 1887 kusvika kuvane 120 000 pakazosvika 1899 uye rina vanopfuura vane mamirioni 1,7 nhasi.
[Mepu iri papeji 8]
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 9]
Bangkok, Thailand
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Tourism Authority of Thailand
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 10]
Kuruboshwe: Sydney, Australia
Pasi apa: La Paz, Bolivia
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 11]
Shanghai, China
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 12]
Kuruboshwe: Honolulu, Hawaii
Kurudyi: Hong Kong