Vaenzi—Chinetso Chenyika Yose
“TINOENDA kuJohannesburg kundotsvaka mari nemhaka yokuti muno hamuna basa,” akadaro mumwe mushandi anotama anobva mumaruwa okumaodzanyemba kweAfrica. Iye anoti: “Kudai makanga mune basa muno taisazonetseka kuenda kuJohannesburg.” Tsananguro yake inoorora muenzaniso wenhamo iyo vaenzi vazhinji navashandi vanotama vanotarisana nayo.
Asi kukura kwose kwokutama mumakumi amakore mashomanene apfuura kuri kutyisidzira vamwe vanhu. (Ona bhokisi, peji 5.) El País rezuva nezuva rechiSpain rakashuma, kuti: “Urudzi nokusavimba navaenzi zvakaonekwazve kamwe kamwe muGermany itsva.” Nyongori dzamasimba masimba, dzakarondedzerwa nepepanhau savaNazi vaduku vakagerwa miparavara, dzakadenha vanotama.
Vamwe vakuru vakuru vezvokutama vanobvuma kuti vanotevera muitiro wokufuratira. Mumwe mukuru mukuru wezvokutama mune imwe nyika yeAsia akazivisa kuti basa rake rakanga riri roku‘dzinga vokumwe.’ Uyewo, ichitsinhira pawedzero yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi yavapoteri vanobva mune imwe nyika yokuEurope yokuMabvazuva, magazini yeTime inotaura nezvomukuru mukuru ane nzvimbo yapamusoro uyo akati: “Hatidi kuvaita kuti vanzwe vakanyanyokotsekana nemhaka yokuti tinoda kuti vadzokere.”
Dzaitotyisa zvikuru dzaiva tsinhiro dzomumwe mutapi wenhau muFrance uyo akapwiswa kuti ‘vokumwe vaitamira imomo vakanga vari ngozi.’ Zvikonzero zvake? Ndevo“rudzi rwakasiana, [vanotaura] mitauro yakasiana, [uye vane] mipimo yakasiana.” Mhedziso yake? “Tinofanira kubvisa vazhinji sevatinogona, [uye] kuparadzanisa vose vasara.”
Nemirangariro yakadaro inorwisana navaenzi yakavapoteredza, hakushamisi kuti vokumwe vanotarisana neganhuriro yefungira mano akaipa inobva munzanga dzomunzvimbomo idzo dzinonzwa dzichityisidzirwa newedzero yakamwe kamwe yavaenzi. Nenzira isiri yenguva dzose, mumwe mugari womuIsrael womunzvimbomo akatsamwa akanyunyutira idi rokuti “varidzi vedzimba vanofarira vatami vechiSoviet” nemhaka yokuti hurumende inogovera ivava mari yekeshi pavanogara muIsrael. Somuuyo, vagari vemo vomunzvimbomo vanomanikidzwa newedzero dzerendi kutama munzvimbo dzavo dzokugara.
Hakusi chakavanzika kuti vokumwe kazhinji kazhinji vanoita mabasa akaderera ayo vagari vemo vomunzvimbomo vanoshora. Somuuyo, vazhinji vauyi vatsva vanofanira kushanda mumigariro yakaoma nokuda kwemari inotambirwa yakaderera—zvikurukuru kana vari vatami vasiri vapamutemo. Mukuwedzera, munzvimbo yebasa vaenzi kazhinji kazhinji vanotambura kubatwa zvisina kunaka kukuru nemhaka yomugariro wavo wechienzi.
Vasingarangariri kuti ivo ndivanaani kana kuti kwavanoedza kugara, voruzhinji vavatami vanotarisana nomutoo unorwadza wokurapa nhamo yavo yendangariro inoparirwa nokubuda munyika yokumusha kwavo ndokuumba zvisungo zvitsva nokuda kwenguva yemberi. Magazini inonzi U.S.News & World Report inotaura kuti vaenzi “kazhinji kazhinji vanovamba nokunzwa vachihesvurwa uye vachiremedzwa.” Nokuda kwavamwe nhamburiko yacho yakakura zvikuru. Pamusoro paivava, mushumo wacho unopfuurira, kuti: “Ngwavaira yokurasikirwa nomusha wokutanga yakabatanidzwa nekundikano yokuwana wechipiri.” Nokuda kwavazhinji iyi pfungwa yokubva munzvimbo ine zvakawanda zvokuita nebasa guru rokubata nomutauro mutsva.
Unotaura Sei . . . ?
Wati wambofanira kudzidza mumwe mutauro ndokuchinjira kuimwe tsika here? Ikoko kwakava nomuuyoi pauri? Sezvingabvira zvikurusa “muuyo wokupedzisira wamabasa ako kunzwa kwokurwadziwa kwokusakwana,” anopindura kudaro Stanislaw Baranczak, mumwe mutami wePoland nomunyori muUnited States. Hungu, mutauro unokosha kukuva rutivi runoshanda rwenzanga. Kudzidza mutauro mutsva ungava mugariro unotambudza zvikuru wouenzani, zvikurukuru nokuda kwomuenzi abva zera.
Nokuda kwavatami ivava, kudzidza mutauro kazhinji kazhinji mugariro unotambudza zvikuru. Magazini inonzi Aging inotaura kuti apo vaenzi vanenge vasingagoni kugonana nomutauro nokurasikirwa netsika, kazhinji kazhinji kunoparira kuora mwoyo, ukowo kusingavabvumiri kupa ngwariro pazvinodikanwa zvokudzidza mutauro mutsva. Pakupedzisira, wokumwe anova anoregeredza zvikuru kwazvo kuzvipinza mungozi uye pane dzimwe nguva kunyara kudzidza mutauro. Chinetso chacho chinowedzerwa apo vana vanopinza mundangariro mutauro netsika nokukurumidza zvikuru kupfuura zvinoita vabereki vavo. Ikoku kazhinji kazhinji kunoparira bonderano nokukamukana kwezvizvarwa mumhuri dzavatami, ndiko kuti, kana mhuri yose ikatama pamwe chete.
Mhuri Dzakaputsanywa
Mumwe wemiuyo youfakazi huduku asi hune ngwavaira zvikurusa wokutama kukuru muuyo unoparadza wakuinako paboka remhuri. Nguva dzose, mhuri dzinoputsanywa apo mumwe wavabereki kana kuti zvimwe vose vari vaviri vanosiya vana vavo mutarisiro yemimwe mitezo yemhuri pavanenge vachitsvaka kariro dziri nane dzezvemari kune imwe nzvimbowo. Nzvero dzeSecond Carnegie Inquiry Into Poverty and Development in Southern Africa dzinotsinhira kuti urwu rudzi rwokutama “runomirira zvisina kufanira . . . chimiro chemhuri.” Mushumo wacho unopupurira zvinoitika zvakananga zvokuti mhuri dzakaputsika sei apo mitezo mimwe nemimwe yemhuri yakatama zvakaparadzana.
Izvi ndezvimwewo hazvo zvezvinetso izvo vatami vanotarisana nazvo munyika yose, tisingadudzi ndyiko yokutama, kunyoresa pamutemo kutama kwacho, uye zvisarudzo zvinofanira kuitwa pamusoro poutano, pokugara, dzidzo, uye mimwe mitezo yemhuri.
Naizvozvo, mukutarisana neizvi zvinetso zvose, neiko vaenzi vachimbotama?
[Bhokisi riri papeji 4]
Vashandi Pamwe Chete Pabasa
NEPO pane zvinetso zvakati zvinobatanidzwa newedzero isina kuganhurirwa yavauyi, panewo ufakazi hwakawanda hwokuratidza kuti muzvinoitika zvizhinji vaenzi ipfuma kunyika yavo yakachinjirwa kwairi.
“West Germany navashandi vayo vokumwe sezviri pachena vakawana mhindu kune mumwe nomumwe,” inodaro magazini yeTime, ichiwedzera kuti “zvivako zvemichina inogadzira dare zveRuhr nenzvimbo dzokugadzirira zvinhu dzeMercedes dziri kunze kweStuttgart zvinodzorwa navashandi vaenzi.” Uyewo, mukuwirirana neNational Geographic, “nzvimbo inogadzirwa zvipfeko yeNew York ingadai yakakundikana” pasina kushandiswa kwebasa ravatami.
Nyanzvi dzezvemari dzinoziva kubetsera kunokosha uko ava vaenzi vanoita kunyika dzavo dzavachava. Pasinei hapo nokutambura kufungira mano akaipa kukuru, vagari vomuTurkey, vomuPakistan, uye vomuAlgeria vari muEurope vakadzidza kuzvikodzeranisa. “Vanogonana,” inodaro U.S.News & World Report, uye vachapfuurira kuita saizvozvo “kusvikira Europe . . . yanzvera, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvemari chose chose, kuti inovada.”
Vachishuva nenzira yokupererwa nezano rose kupfuurira kupinda munyika dzavo itsva, vokumwe vanokombamira kukuva vanozvigutsa vamene zvikuru navanotsamira zvishoma pamiitiro yehurumende yetsigiro yenzanga kupfuura zvinoita vagari vemo. “Hakuna chinhu chisina hwaro kudaro sepomero yokuti vauyi vanopinda mugarikano,” akadaro mumwe mupangiri wavatami vomuU.S. uyo akabata nhau dzavaenzi vanopfuura 3 000.
Kazhinji kazhinji, nzvimbo dzakavakidzanwa nadzo dzose dzakagadziridzwa nevokumwe avo vanotsvaka kuvandudza mhoteredzo dzavo. Apo South Africa yakawana wedzero yakamwe kamwe yavapoteri vechiPutukezi pashure pokunge hondo yagundika muAngola neMozambique, masabhabhu ose muJohannesburg akatorwa ndokukwidziridzwa nenzanga yechiPutukezi.
[Bhokisi riri papeji 5]
Zvimwe Zviverengero Zvikuru Zvokutama:
▶ Vatami vane mamirioni 4,5, kubatanidza vomuAfrica yokuChamhembe vane mamirioni 1,5, vanoumba 8 muzana yechiverengero chavagari vemo cheFrance
▶ Muchikamu chimwe bedzi chomuganhu weMexico neU.S., vakuru vakuru vaMapurisa Anofamba-famba anochengeta mumuganhu vanosunga, paavhareji, vatami vasiri vapamutemo 1 500 usiku huri hwose
▶ Inenge 20 muzana yechiverengero chavagari vemo chomuAustralia chakaberekwa nevokumwe
▶ VaPoland vane mirioni vangave vachishanda zvisiri pamutemo muEurope yokuMadokero
▶ Mugore richangobva kupfuura iri, vanhu 350 000 vakatamira kuSouth Africa nenzira yapamutemo pabasa rekondirakiti. Chiverengero chavokumwe vasiri vapamutemo chinenge mirioni 1,2
▶ Vanenge vaJudha vomuSoviet 185 000 vakatamira kuIsrael muna 1990
▶ Vanopfuura vagari vomuAsia yokuMaodzenyemba kwakadziva kuMabvazuva 900 000 vakatamira kuUnited States chifo cha 1975
▶ Vhiki riri rose, vanenge vanhu vane chiuru vanotama kubva muHong Kong