Vakadzi—Vanoremekedzwa Here Munzvimbo Yebasa?
“Kunyange usati waroorwa kana kuti wakaroorwa, voruzhinji vavarume vairangarira vakadzi savanodenhwa.”—Jenny, aichimbova munyori wamagweta.
“Kunetswa uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavanhukadzi muzvipatara kune mukurumbira wakashata.”—Sarah, mukoti akanyoreswa.
“Nguva dzose ndainyengwa kubasa, ndiko kuti, zvikarakadzo zvoutere.”—Jean, mukoti akanyoreswa.
KO IDZI mhaka dzinomirira mugariro usina kurovedzeka, kana kuti dzakapararira here? Mukai! akabvunzurudza chiverengero chakati kuti chavakadzi vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira munzvimbo yebasa. Vairemekedzwa uye vaibatwa nechiremera navamwe vavo vavanhurume here? Idzi ndidzimwe dzetsinhiro dzavo:
Sarah, mukoti wokuNew Jersey, U.S.A., ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwamakore mapfumbamwe muzvipatara zvamauto zveU.S., akati: “Ndinoyeuka pandaibatira muSan Antonio, Texas, uye nzvimbo yebasa yakamuka muKidney Dialysis Department. Ndakakumbira boka rakati kuti ravanachiremba chandaizofanira kuita kuti ndiwane basa. Mumwe akapindura nenyemwerero, ‘Vatana nachiremba anotarisira.’ Ini ndakangoti bedzi, ‘Pamigariro iyoyo handidi basa.’ Asi kazhinji kazhinji ndiwo masarudzirirwe anoitwa kusimudzirwa uye mabasa. Mukadzi anotofanira kutera kumurume anodzora.
“Pane imwe nhambo, ndakanga ndichishanda munzvimbo yavanorwarisisa ndichibairira IVs [pombi dzinobairirwa mutsinga] kumurwere apo chiremba akasvika pandiri ndokushunya magaro angu. Ndakashatirwa ndokubuda mukamuri racho ndakatsamwa ndichienda kukamuri riri pedyo. Akanditevera uye akataura chimwe chinhu chakashata. Ndakangomurova bedzi ndokupunzikira muchirasiro chamarara! Ndakadzokera chaizvo kumurwere wangu. Hakudikanirwi hakwo kutaurwa iye haana kuzotongondinetsazve!”
Miriam, mukadzi akaroorwa wokuEgypt aichimboita basa romunyori muCairo, akatsanangura mugariro wavakadzi vanoshanda muchivako cheMuslim yeEgypt. “Vakadzi vanopfeka zvine mwero zvikuru kupfuura nzanga yokuMadokero. Handina kuona kunetswa kwavakadzi kupi nokupi mumuviri munzvimbo yangu yebasa. Asi pamikoto yapasi yeCairo pane kunetswa kwavakadzi muvatano kusvikira kumwero wokuti zvino chitima chokutanga chinochengeterwa vakadzi.”
Jean, mukadzi akanyarara asi akashinga ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwamakore 20 somukoti, akati: “Ndakatevera muitiro worumano wokusatongoronga musi wokuvhakacha nomunhu upi noupi kubasa. Asi kunetsa kwakasvika kunyange ndakanga ndichibata navanachiremba kana kuti navarindiri vechipatara vechirume. Vose vaifunga kuti vakanga vane chimuko chine mufungo. Kana isu vakoti tisinga‘batiri pamwe’ navo muruchiva rwavo rwevatano, ipapo varindiri vechipatara havasati vaizowanika kuti vabetsere apo taida betsero yokusimudzira murwere pahuvato nezvinhu zvakadai.”
Jenny akashanda somunyori wamagweta kwamakore manomwe. Anotsanangura icho iye akaona apo aishanda namagweta. “Kunyange usati waroorwa kana kuti wakaroorwa, voruzhinji vavarume vairangarira vakadzi savanodenhwa. Chimiro chavo chendangariro chakanga chiri, ‘Samagweta takuwanikidza, uye vakadzi ndivo vamwe veropafadzo dzedu.’” Uye ufakazi hunoratidzika kuva hunoratidzira kuti nyanzvi dzine mufungo mumwe chetewo. Asi mukadzi anogona kuitei kuti aderedze kunetswa?
Darlene, muAmerica wechitema akashanda somunyori uye somuchingurikadzi wekahotera, akati: “Zvinhu zvinogona kushata kana ukakundikana kugadza miganhu yako yomufambiro. Kana murume akatanga kukutonya uye newe uchimutonyawo, ipapo zvinhu zvinogona nomutoo uri nyore kusadzoreka. Ndaitofanira kutaura chimiro changu nomutoo wakajeka panhambo dzakasiana. Ndakashandisa kutaura kwakadai sokuti, ‘Ndaizoonga kudai wanga usina kutaura kwandiri nomutoo iwoyo.’ Pane imwe nhambo ndakati: ‘Somukadzi akaroorwa, ndinowana zvawataura kuva zvinonyangadza, uye handifungi kuti murume wangu aizozvionga.’
“Pfundo ndeiri, kana uchida ruremekedzo, unotofanira kuruwana. Uye ini handioni mawanire anogona kuita mukadzi ruremekedzo kana achiedza kukwikwidzana navarume mune chandinoidza kuti kutaura kwomugariro wevatano—misere yakashata uye zvikarakadziro zvevatano. Kana ukaita kuti muganhu uve usina kutsarukana pakati pokutaura uye mufambiro zvinogamuchirika nezvisingagamuchiriki, ipapo mumwe murume angaedza kuudarika.”
Vanhurume Vanoshusha
Connie, mukoti ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwamakore 14, akatsanangura chimwe chimiro chokunetswa chinogona kuvapo chisingakarirwi mumigariro yakawanda. “Ndakanga ndichishanda nachiremba pakuchinja mabhandichi anoshandiswa pamaronda. Ndaitevera miitiro yose yomupimo yandakanga ndadzidza. Ndinoziva zvose pamusoro pokuita kuti ronda nebhandichi zvirambe zvakachena, uye zvichingodaro. Asi hapana chinhu chakanga chakanakira chiremba iyeyo. Akataura nomutoo wokutsamwa kwandiri uye akatsoropodza kuita kwangu kuri kose. Urwu rudzi rwechinhu, rwokuzvidza vakadzi, runovapo kazhinji kazhinji. Vamwe varume vane chinetso chokuzvikudza, uye kunoratidzika kuti vanoda kushandisa chiremera chavo pavakadzi vanoshanda navo.”
Sarah, anokorwa mashoko pakutanga, akawedzera chinoitika chake muna ikoku. “Ndakanga ndichishanda mukugadzirira kuvhiya apo ini ndakanzvera zviratidzo zvinokosha zvomurwere. Chinyorwa chake cheEKG [electrocardiogram] chakanga chisiri chemisi yose zvokuti ndakaziva kuti akanga asiri mumugariro wokuva anovhiiwa. Ndakaita mhosho yokuzivisa ikoku kuna chiremba wokuvhiya. Akashatirwa, uye mhinduro yake yakanga iri yokuti: ‘Vakoti vanofanira kutarisira machemba apahuvato, kwete maEKG.’ Naizvozvo ndakazivisa bedzi nyanzvi huru yokutindivadza, uye iye akataura kuti mumigariro iyi chikwata chake hachisati chaizobatira pamwe nachiremba wokuvhiya. Ipapo chiremba wokuvhiya akakatyamara ndokuudza mudzimai womurume wacho kuti ini ndaizopiwa mhaka nokuda kwokuva kwomurume wake achigere kuvhiiwa! Muchirongwa ichecho mukadzi haangagoni kukurira. Neiko? Nemhaka yokuti usingazivi watyisidzira kuzvikudza kwomunhurume.”
Nomutoo wakajeka, vakadzi vanowanzonetswa uye kuderedzwa munzvimbo yebasa. Asi chii chiri chimiro chavo mumutemo?
Vakadzi Nomutemo
Mune dzimwe nyika kwakatorera vakadzi makore mazhinji kuti vawane kunyange kuenzana kwerondedzero pasi pomutemo. Uye kunyange uko mutemo unojekesa uenzani ihwohwo, mukaha wakapamhama unowanzoparadzanisa rondedzero nokushanda.
Chinyorwa cheCM chinonzi The World’s Women—1970-1990 chinoti: “Ukuru hwouyu mukaha [mukaha womuitiro wehurumende] unopinzwa mumitemo inonyima vakadzi uenzani navarume mumaruramiro avo okuva nemunda, kukwereta mari uye kupinda mumakondirakiti.” Sokutaura kwakaita mumwe mukadzi wokuUganda, kuti: “Tinopfuurira kuva vagari vemo vechipiri—aiwa, vechitatu, sezvo vanakomana vedu vachititangira. Kunyange mbongoro namaturakita padzimwe nguva zvinowanwa kubatwa kuri nani.”
Chinyorwa cheTime-Life chinonzi Men and Women chinoti: “Muna 1920, Chinjo yechi 19 yeBumbiro reMitemo reUnited States yakasimbisira vakadzi maruramiro okuvhota—nguva refu pashure pokunge vatowana maruramiro iwayo munyika dzeEurope. Asi maruramiro okuvhota haana kupiwa muBritain kutozosvikira muna 1928 (uye kwete pashure peHondo yeNyika II muJapan).” Kuramba kusaruramisira kwezvamatongerwe enyika kuvakadzi, murevereri wokuvhota weBritain, Emily Wilding Davison, akazvikanda amene pamberi pebhiza raMambo muNhangemutange ya 1913 uye akaurawa. Akava mufiri kutendeka muchisakiso chamaruramiro okuenzana nokuda kwavakadzi.
Idi rimene rokuti pashure somuna 1990, Dare reU.S. rakarangarira “Mutemo Wamasimba Masimba Okurwisana Navakadzi” rinoratidza kuti mapoka okuita mitemo anodzorwa navanhurume ave achinonozeka kudavidza kuzvinodikanwa zvavakadzi.
Uyu mufananidzo mupfupi wokubatwa kwavakadzi mupasi rose unotitungamirira kumubvunzo, wokuti, Ko nhau dzichazombova dzakasiana here? Chii chiri madikanwa kuti mugariro wacho uchinje? Nyaya mbiri dzinotevera dzichakurukura mibvunzo iyoyo.
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 11]
Ndivanaani Vakaipisisa?
“Vakadzi vanoita mativi maviri amatatu ebasa renyika. Vanobudisa 60 kusvikira ku 80 muzana yezvokudya zveAfrica neAsia, 40 muzana yezveLatin America. Bva vanotambira chikamu chimwe chegumi chomubhadharo wenyika uye vane zviri pasi pe 1 muzana yepfuma yezvinhu zvenyika. Vari pakati pavarombo zvikurusa vavarombo venyika.”—May You Be the Mother of a Hundred Sons, rakanyorwa naElisabeth Bumiller.
“Idi nderokuti vasikana vaduku havaendi kuchikoro [mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika] nemhaka yokuti hakuna mvura yakakotsekana yokunwa. . . . Ini ndakaona vasikana vari kuyaruka vachiteka mvura yokunwa kubva kumakiromita ana makumi maviri kana padzimwe nguva makumi matatu, uko kunoda muswere wose wezuva. Pakuzosvika panguva yavanova namakore gumi namana kana gumi namashanu okukura, ava vasikana . . . havana kutongoenda kuchikoro, havana kutongodzidza chinhu chipi nechipi.”—Jacques-Yves Cousteau, The Unesco Courier, November 1991.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 10]
Kunetswa kwavakadzi hakufaniri kushivirirwa