Marudzi Ari Mungozi Yokutsakatika—Ukuru Hwechinetso Chacho

MADODO ava chiratidzo chokutsakatika. Dzokupedzisira dzeidzi shiri dzisingagoni kubhururuka dzakafa munenge muna 1680 pachitsuwa cheMauritius. Mazhinji amarudzi ari mungozi panguva ino anogara pazvitsuwawo. Mumakore 400 apfuura, marudzi 85 kubva mu94 eshiri dzinozivikanwa kuva dzakatsakatika ave ari shiri dzepazvitsuwa.

Mhuka dziri pamakondinendi makuru dziriwo mungozi yokutsakatika. Rangarira matiger ayo aichimbofamba-famba muRussia mose. Zvino rudzi ruduku rweAmur bedzi ndirwo rwasara muSiberia, uye nhamba dzarwo dzakaderera kusvika pakati pe180 ne200 bedzi. Matiger okumaodzanyemba kweChina mukuwirirana nomushumo anongova 30 kusvikira ku80. MuIndochina idzi mhuka dzakatarisana nokutsakatika “mukati memakore gumi,” inoshuma kudaro The Times yeLondon. Nenzira yakafanana, muIndia, musha wezvinenge zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvematiger enyika, zviremera zvinofungidzira kuti izvi zvisikwa zvakaisvonaka zvingagona kutsakatika mumakore gumi.

Zvipembere nemadindingwe zviri kuderera. MuChina magiant panda anofamba-famba mumapoka emashomanene segumi. Mapine marten ava pedyo nokutsakatika muWales, uye tsindi tsvuku “dzingatsakatika mukondinendi yeEngland neWales mumakore gumi kusvikira ku20 anotevera,” inodaro The Times. Mhiri kweAtlantic muUnited States, zviremwaremwa ndizvo zvinoyamwiswa zvapanyika zviri mungozi yokutsakatika zvikuru.

Chiono chacho mumakungwa enyika chinoodza mwoyo zvakaenzana. The Atlas of Endangered Species inorondedzera kamba dzomugungwa se“zvichida boka riri mungozi yokutsakatika zvikurusa” rezvisikwa zvomugungwa. Zvinogona kugara panyika nomumvura zvinoratidzika kuva zvinopfuurira kurarama zviri nani; zvisinei, mukuwirirana nemagazini yeNew Scientist, marudzi 89 ezvinogona kugara panyika nomumvura zvasvika pakuva “pangozi yokutsakatika” mumakore 25 apfuura. Inenge 11 muzana yemarudzi eshiri enyika yakatarisanawo nokutsakatika.a

Asi zvakadini nezvisikwa zviduku, zvakadai semafufura? Mumiriro wacho wezvinhu wakafanana. Chinopfuura chikamu chimwe kubva muzvina chemarudzi 400 emafufura eEurope chiri mungozi—19 achiva anotyisidzirwa nokutsakatika kuri pedyo. Fufura guru rokuBritain rinoita kunge rine makwati ekamba rakakumbanira dodo pandaza yamarudzi akatsakatika muna 1993.

Kuitira Hanya Kunowedzera

Marudzi mangani ezvisikwa anotsakatika gore riri rose? Mhinduro yacho inotsamira pakuti unobvunza nyanzvi ipi. Kunyange zvazvo vezvesayenzi vasingabvumirani, vose vanobvuma idi rokuti marudzi mazhinji ari mungozi yokutsakatika. Nyanzvi youkama hwezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo Stuart Pimm anotsinhira, kuti: “Kakavadzano pamusoro pokuti tiri kurasikirwa nokukurumidza sei ne[marudzi] ikurukurirano zvikurukuru pamusoro penguva yedu yemberi.” Anowedzera, kuti: “Mukati memazana amakore akapfuura, takawedzera mwero wokutsakatika kwamarudzi kupfuura zvikuru mwero womusikirwo. Nguva yedu yemberi haina kutsarukana zvikuru somugumisiro.”

Nyika yedu, Pasi, yakafanana neimba. Vamwe vanhu vanoitira hanya pamusoro pemarudzi ari mungozi yokutsakatika vanofunda ecology (ukama hwezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo), kutaura kwakaumbwa murutivi rwokupedzisira rwezana ramakore rechi19 kubva mushoko rechiGiriki oiʹkos, “imba.” Iyi nharaunda yefariro inonangidzira ngwariro paukama huri pakati pezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo. Zana ramakore rechi19 rakava nefariro inokura mukuchengetedza, yakawedzerwa sezvinobvira nemishumo yokutsakatika. MuUnited States, ikoku kwakatungamirira kukutangwa kwemanational park nenharaunda dzakadzivirirwa idzo dzinopa zvisikwa nzvimbo yakakotsekana. Iye zvino, kune nharaunda dzokudzivirira mhuka dzomusango dzinozivikanwa nenyika dzakawanda dzinofungidzirwa kuva 8 000 munyika yose. Pamwe chete nedzimwe nzvimbo 40 000 idzo dzinobetsera kuchengetedza nzvimbo yokugara, dzinoumba inoda kuva 10 muzana yenharaunda yepasi yenyika.

Vanhu vazhinji vanoitira hanya vanotsigira zvino kunonzi kudzivirirwa kwemhoteredzo, zvichida kupfurikidza namasangano ayo anozivisa tyisidziro dzokutsakatika kana kuti ayo anongodzidzisa vanhu pamusoro pokutsamirana kwoupenyu. Uye kubvira paRio Earth Summit ya1992, kuziva kukuru zvikuru nhau dzemhoteredzo kunowanzoratidzira zvikuru kufunga kwehurumende.

Chinetso chemarudzi ari mungozi ndechepasi rose uye chiri kukura. Asi neiko? Kuedza kupi nokupi kudzivisa kutsakatika kwamarudzi kuri kubudirira zvino here? Uye zvakadini nenguva yemberi? Unobatanidzwa sei? Nyaya dzedu dzinotevera dzinopa mhinduro.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]