Great Rift Valley
Yakanyorwa nemunyori weMukai! muKenya
MUGERO mukuru, goronga riri pamusoro pepasi rakakura kwazvo zvokuti rinogona kuonwa uri pamusoro pemwedzi! Uchivambira paJordan Valley kuchamhembe kweIsrael kusvika zasi kuMozambique—makiromita anotyisa 6 400—unodzika kusvika kuhwakawanda hwourefu hwekondinendi yeAfrica.
Muna 1893, anoongorora mabwe weScotland J. W. Gregory akafunda zvakadzama kekutanga ichi chishamiso chechisiko. Gregory akaziva kuti mugero wacho mukuru wakaparirwa, kwete nokukura kwemvura nemhepo, asi “nekunyura kwedombo pasi, apo ivhu raiva pedyo rakaramba risingafambi.” (Enzanisa nePisarema 104:8.) Akadana uku kutsemuka kukuru pamusoro pepasi kuti Great Rift Valley.
Masayendisiti nhasi haasati ava kunzwisisa zvizere masimba epasi pevhu akaparira uyu mupata zviuru zvemakore zvapfuura. Kunyange zvakadaro, munhu hapana chaanogona kuita kunze kwekufadzwa nemhatsa huru inogona kuwanwa mukati mawo. Chikamu cheAfrica cheGreat Rift Valley, chinotangira muEthiopia, chine imwe yenzvimbo dzinotyisa zvikurusa pamusoro pepasi, Danakil Depression (inozivikanwawo seAfar Triangle). Iri japwa guru remunyu rakaganhurana neGungwa Dzvuku uye igwenga rinofukidza makiromita 150 000 akaenzana kumativi mana. Pano pasi pakanyura kusvika kumamita 120 pasi pemwero wegungwa. Tembiricha dzinogona kukwira kusvika kumadhigirii 130 anobvuraudza. Kubva ipapo mupata wacho unokwira ndokupinda munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeEthiopia—mamita 1 800 anotonhorera pamusoro pemwero wegungwa, urengarenga huchisvika mamita 4 300 kureba. Masango ane miti yakabatana munonaya mvura yakawanda anofukidza materu eidzi nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakaorera, achigovera mvura nzizi dzinoverengeka, dzakadai seBlue Nile. Uchienda kumaodzanyemba ndokupinda murutivi rwarwo rwekumabvazuva, mupata wacho unopfuurira kukwira nokudzika nenzira inoshamisa.
Ari murutivi rweGreat Rift Valley makomo ane pamusoro panoputika ezvimiro zvakasiyana-siyana noukuru pamwe chete nemipata miduku inobva mauri. Mumupata wekumavirira, kufamba kwemakomo akaputika kwakaumba hwenze hweRuwenzori neVirunga uhwo hune mativi mumiganhu yeRwanda, Zaire, uye Uganda. Pamwe pamusoro pemakomo pachiri kuratidza zviratidzo zvekupisa kwepasi uye, padzimwe nhambo, panobudisa utsi nematombo akanyunguduka anopisa zvikuru. Kusiri kure nomupata wekumabvazuva, pamusoro pemakomo pakaputika pakadai seKilimanjaro neMount Kenya pakareba kwazvo zvokuti pasinei zvapo nezuva rinopisa zvikuru remuequator, pakafukidzwa nechando. Zvitubu zvinopisa zvinobudisa utsi nemvura inopisa zvikuru zvinowanwawo muGreat Rift Valley, zvichipupurira kusagadzikana kuchiri pasi zvikuru pepamusoro pepasi.
Zasi kumaodzanyemba, muTanzania, bani guru rine uswa rinoganhura mupata wacho. Rinonzi siringet mumutauro weMasai, shoko rinoreva kuti “nzvimbo yakafara zvikuru.” Richizivikanwa zviri nani seSerengeti Plain, uswa hwaro hwakawanda hunoraramisa mapoka akawanda emhuka dzemusango. Muno ndimo munoitika kutama kwemvumba huru—chiitiko chinokatyamadza zvikuru!
Nyanza dzeRift
Rutivi rwekumabvazuva rweGreat Rift Valley muAfrica mune nyanza dzinotevedzana dzakashatiswa nesodium carbonate. Aya makemikoro akadzika achibva munzvimbo dzinoputika kana kuti akapinda munyanza dzacho kupfurikidza nokuputika kwepasi pevhu. Dzimwe nyanza, dzakadai seLake Turkana kuchamhembe kweKenya, dzine munyu mushoma. Yakapoteredzwa nezviuru zvemakiromita akaenzana kumativi mana egwenzi roga romurenje, Lake Turkana dzimwe nguva inova noruvara rwakaisvonaka rwejade-green uye ndimo munogara makarwe akawanda zvikurusa munyika. Nyanza dzakadai seLake Magadi yeKenya uye Lake Natron yemuTanzania dzakazadzwa kwazvo nemunyu zvokuti dzinoumba anodokuva madutu akaoma esoda yakafukidzwa yakachena. Chisakiso chacho? Kushayikwa kwepokubuda napo apo nezvisizvo paizobudisa munyu wacho. Zhinjisa yemvura yacho inoenda kupfurikidza nokupwa, ichisiya zvinocherwa mumigodhi zvakawanda. Mhuka shomanene dzinokwanisa kurarama mumvura dzinovava nemakapoteredza dzenyanza dzine soda dzeRift Valley. Anosiyiwa zvinocherekedzeka, zvisinei, maflamingo epingi anofadza ayo anotama kubva panyanza imwe ine soda kuenda kune imwe, achidya tumiti tuduku tunokura zvakanaka mumvura dzinouraya. Muno maflamingo anoungana mumamiriyoni, achiumba gungwa benyu repingi.
Chimwe chinokura zvakanaka chinogara muidzi mvura dzinouraya ihove duku inonzi tilapia grahami. Iyi hove isingatapurwi nemunyu inowanzowanwa pedyo nepanobuda napo utsi hwepasi pevhu, apo mvura inopisa kwazvo zvokuti haibatiki noruoko. Bva, ipapo iyi hove duku inorarama, ichidya tumiti tuduku twenyanza yacho.
Nyanza shomanene bedzi dzemupata wekumabvazuva dzine mvura yakanaka. Lake Naivasha, muKenya, ndeimwe yadzo. Iri pamusoro pemwero wegungwa nemamita 1 870, uye mvura dzayo dzakachena dzinogovera panogara mhatsa yehove pamwe chete nemapoka anodziya zuva emvuu. Mumahombekombe mose mune nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzetsanga nemiti yemumvura, munogara marudzi akasiyana-siyana 400 eshiri dzakaisvonaka. Seri kwemiti yeacacia yeyero nehwenze hwakapoteredza, kune Lake Naivasha yakaisvonaka kuona.
Pakati pemupata ndipo pane nyanza hurusa yechipiri yemvura yakachena munyika, Lake Victoria. Mvura dzayo dzinorova mahombekombe eKenya, Uganda, uye Tanzania, uye ndiyo imwe yemanyuko eNile River. Kure kumaodzanyemba, mvura dzeLake Tanganyika dzinowira pakadzika mamita 1 440. Iyi ndiyo nyanza yechipiri yakadzika zvikurusa munyika.
Mhuka Dzine Mhatsa Huru Zvikuru
Rift Valley yeEast Africa inotsigira mhuka dzakawanda dzakasiyana-siyana dzemusango. Nyati, twiza, zvipembere, uye nzou ndedzimwe dzemhuka huru dzinoyamwisa dzinofamba norusununguko munzvimbo yemupata unotyisa, mukuru. Munharaunda dzakaoma dzisina mvura, mbizi, mharapara, uye mhou dzinogona kuonwa. Nhoro dzinofadza dzinosvetuka mumhepo sezvo dzinomhanya munzvimbo dzine uswa. Katsi dzine mavara dzakadai sembada nedindingwe dzinovhima mumapani makuru, uye kudzvova kweshumba huru kunogona kuwanzonzwiwa mumaawa ousiku. Pamusoro pehwenze hweVirunga, panogara magorilla emumakomo asingawanzooneka. Pasi zvikuru pemupata, mapoka emakudo anofamba zvishoma nezvishoma achiyambuka nzvimbo yacho yakaipa, achitsvaka tumbuyu, mbeu, uye zvinyaride. Achikwira mudenga mumhepo, makondo ane simba nemagora ane mapapiro mahombe anokwira munopisa, kana kuti mhepo inopisa. Hwishori dzakaisvonaka, zvimutowegodo, hoto uye zvihwenga dzinogara mutumakwenzi turi munzvimbo dzakaderera. Madzvinyu ane zvimiro zvose, ukuru, uye mavara anomhanya-mhanya nokuchimbidzika zvikuru.
Vanhu Vanofamba-famba veRift
Rift Valley yeAfrica musha wemarudzi akawanda anogara munenge mugwenga anoita zvose zviri zviviri kufudza nokufamba-famba. Vanhu vakasimba vanokanda nhano refu zvinoratidza vanhu vanofamba-famba veAfrica. Munzvimbo umo mvura iri shoma, misha yose kazhinji kazhinji inorongedza ndokutama ichitsvaka mafuro matsva ezvipfuwo zvayo. Vasina mapasipoti kana kuti mavhisa, vanofamba norusununguko vachiyambuka miganhu isina kutarwa yenyika uye vanoratidzika kuva vasina basa nefambiro mberi yokunze uye mamwe mararamiro. Muidzi nzvimbo dziri kure, upenyu ndehwezvishoma nezvishoma. Nguva inoyerwa nokubuda uye kunyura kwezuva. Upfumi hwemunhu hunozivikanwa nenhamba yengamera, mbudzi, mombe, kana kuti makwai aanawo kana kuti nhamba yevana vari mumhuri yake.
Misha inovakwa zviri nyore, asi nokungwara. Mapazu emiti anotyorwa ndokusunganidzwa pamwe chete kuti ave chivako chakatenderera. Ipapo madziro okunze anofukidzwa nouswa hwakarukwa, matehwe emhuka, kana kuti dhaka rakasanganiswa nendove yemombe. Misha yakadaro kazhinji kazhinji ine pokubikira, danga duku rezvipfuwo, uye mubhedha ungave usiri mukuru kupfuura chidimbu chedehwe remhuka. Moto unobva pachoto unozadza musha wacho neutsi, zvichiita kuti mukati murambe musina tumbuyu neumhutu. Kazhinji kazhinji musha kana kuti boka remhuri rinovaka dzimba dzaro duku dzakatenderera mudenderedzwa rakapoteredzwa kumucheto nemapazu ane minzwa asingapindiki, kudzivirira zvipfuwo zvaro pamhuka dzemusango usiku.
MuGreat Rift Valley mose munowanwa vanhu vakasiyana-siyana vane micherechedzo yezviso yakasiyana, mitauro, netsika, dzinochinja maererano nendudzi dzavo uye nzvimbo. Zvitendero zverudzidziso zvinosiyanawo zvikuru kwazvo. Vamwe vakagamuchira chiIslam; vamwe, chiKristu chezita. Vakawanda vanodavira mashura uye vanodisa kurangarira chinhu chipi nechipi chavasingagoni kunzwisisa kuva chakaparirwa nemasimba anopfuura evanhu. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura dzakawanda dzenzvimbo dziri kure dzakazarurirwa pesvedzero yokunze kupfurikidza negadziriro dzinogovera dzidzo nekurapa.
Nenzira isingashamisi, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zviri kuitawo nhamburiko dzokuonana neava vanhu vanofamba-famba vakasimba. Zvapupu zvinokarira kuvazivisa zvipikirwa zveBhaibheri zvenguva apo panenge pasina munhu achafanira kuparapatika kuti awane zvokudya panyika yakaoma. Bhaibheri rinoti: “Renje nenyika yakaoma zvichafara; sango richafara kwazvo, richatumbuka seruva.” (Isaya 35:1) Munguvayi, Great Rift Valley inoramba iri chiyeuchidzo chemhatsa yokusika yeMuiti wezvinhu zvose, Jehovha Mwari.
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Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1995 Digital Wisdom, Inc.
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PaSerengeti Plain, chiitiko chinoshamisa zvirokwazvo chinoitika—kufamba kukuru kwemvumba
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Pazasi: © Index Stock Photography and John Dominis, 1989
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Ma“flamingo” anoungana mumamiriyoni, achiumba gungwa benyu repingi
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Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinogoverana shoko reBhaibheri nevanhu vemuRift Valley