Zvokudya Zvavose—Chiroto Chete Here?
YAKANYORWA NOMUNYORI WEMUKAI! MUITALY
“MURUME ari wose, mukadzi uye mwana ane maruramiro okusununguka panzara nokushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri” yakazivisa kudaro World Food Conference inowanirwa mari neFood and Agriculture Organization yeSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose (FAO) shure muna 1974. Chikumbiro chakaitwa chokuparadza nzara munyika “mukati memakore gumi.”
Zvisinei, apo vamiriri venyika 173 vakasangana pamuzinda weFAO muRome mukunopera kwegore rapera nokuda kweMusangano Wezvokudya Zvenyika wemazuva mashanu, chinangwa chavo chakanga chiri chokubvunza kuti: “Chii chakakanganisika?” Kwete bedzi kuti kwakanga kune kukundikana kugovera zvokudya kuvanhu vose asi zvino, anopfuura makumi maviri emakore gare gare, chinetso chacho chakatoipa zvikuru.
Nhau hombe dzezvokudya, kuwanda kwevanhu, uye urombo ndedzekurumidziro. Sezvakaratidzwa nechinyorwa chakabudiswa pamusangano iwoyo, kutoti zvinetso izvi zvikagadziriswa, “kudzikama kwenzanga kwenyika dzakawanda nematunhu kungatapurwa zvakakomba, zvichida kuchitoparadza rugare rwenyika.” Mumwe mucherekedzi akanga akajeka zvikuru pakuti: “Tichaona kuparadzwa kwebudiriro netsika dzenyika.”
Maererano neMutungamiriri weFAO Jacques Diouf, “vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoi 800 nhasi havana zvokudya zvakakwana; pakati pavo pane mamiriyoni 200 evana.” Kunofungidzirwa kuti panosvika gore ra2025, uwandu hwavanhu hwanhasi hwemabhiriyoni 5,8 huchave hwakwira kusvika kumabhiriyoni 8,3, newedzero hurusa inobva munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Diouf anoti: “Nhamba zvayo yevarume, vakadzi uye vana vasina kodzero yavo isingaparadzanisiki youpenyu nechiremera yakakwira zvisingagamuchiriki. Kuchema kwevane nzara kunoteverwa nenhamo yechinyararire yevhu risisina kudya, masango akaparadzwa uye pokuredza pari kuramba pachipera.”
Mushongai uri kukarakadzwa? Diouf anotaura kuti mhinduro iri mu“chiito choushingi,” kugovera “kotsekano yezvokudya” nokuda kwenyika dzinoperevedza zvokudya pamwe chete nemano, mari, uye ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvichavagonesa kuzviwanisa zvokudya.
“Kotsekano Yezvokudya”—Nei Ichinetsa Kudaro?
Maererano nechimwe chinyorwa chakagoverwa nomusangano wacho, “kotsekano yezvokudya inovapo apo vanhu vose, panguva dzose, vanogona kuwana nokutenga zvokudya zvakakwana, zvakakotsekana uye zvinovaka muviri zvinovagutsa uye zvokudya zvavanoda kuti vave noupenyu hune utano uye hwakasimba.”
Nzira iyo kotsekano yezvokudya inogona kuiswa nayo mungozi yakaenzanisirwa nengwavaira yevapoteri yeZaire. Nepo vapoteri vane miriyoni veRwanda vakanga vachiziya nenzara, masangano eUN akanga ane zvokudya zvakachengetwa zvaiwanika zvokuti vadye. Asi gadziriro dzokutakura nokuparadzira dzaida kutenderwa nevezvamatongerwo enyika uye batirapamwe yezviremera zvomunzvimbomo—kana kuti vatungamiriri vehondo kana vaidzora misasa yavapoteri. Kurumidziro iri muZaire inoratidzira zvakare kuti zvakaoma sei kuti nzanga yamarudzi ose ipe zvokudya vane nzara, kunyange apo zvokudya zvinenge zvichiwanika. Mumwe mucherekedzi akati: “Masangano mazhinji nevanhu vamwe nevamwe vanofanira kuonekwa ndokunyengetedzwa chinhu chipi nechipi chisati chagona kuitika.”
Sezvakaratidzwa negwaro reDepartment of Agriculture reUnited States, kotsekano yezvokudya ingakoneswa nenhamba yezvinoparira zvikuru. Kunze kwengwavaira dzomusikirwo, idzodzi dzinobatanidza hondo nerwisano dzevagari vemo, mitemo yenyika isina kukodzera, nzvero isina kukwana noruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kushata kwemhoteredzo, urombo, kukura kwenhamba yevagari venyika, kusaenzana kwevarume nevakadzi, uye utano husina kunaka.
Pane zvakaitwa. Kubvira muma1970, avhareji yezvokudya zvakava simba romuviri, chiratidzo chokudyiwa kwezvokudya, yakakwira kubva pamacalory 2 140 kusvikira ku2 520 pamunhu zuva roga roga munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Asi maererano neFAO, mukurangarira kukura kwenhamba yevagari vemunyika nemabhiriyoni anoverengeka panosvika gore ra2030, “kungochengeta mwero wazvino wokuwanika kwezvokudya kuchada kukurumidza kuwedzera kuzvibudisa kunogona kutsigirwa kuitira kuwedzera migove yacho neinopfuura 75 muzana pasina kuparadza zviwanikwa izvo isu tose tinotsamira pazviri.” Basa rokugovera zvokudya kuvanhu vari kuziya nenzara nokudaro rinopedza simba.
‘Tinoda Chiito, Kwete Mimwe Misangano’
Kutsoropodza kwakawanda kwakabudiswa pakuitwa kweMusangano Wenyika Wezvokudya nemhiko dzawakaita. Mumwe mumiririri weLatin-America akatsoropodza “kusava nematuro” kwevimbiso yokuderedza nhamba yevanhu vane nzara kusvika kuhafu bedzi yemwero wazvino sekuno“pisa tsitsi.” Nyika 15 dzakaratidza misiyano yokunzwisisa zvakakarakadzwa zvakatenderwa nemusangano. Kunyange kusvika pakugadzirwa kwerongedzero yakadzikama yechiito, rakadaro pepanhau reItaly La Repubblica, “kwaidikanwa makore maviri erwisano nekurukurirano. Shoko riri rose, koma iri yose zvakayerwa kuita kuti kurege kuitwa kuti maronda akavhurika . . . avambe kubudazve ropa.”
Vazhinji vakabetsera kugadzira magwaro emusangano havana kufara nemigumisiro yacho. “Hatina chokwadi zvachose pamusoro pokuti zvikarakadzo zvakaisvonaka zvakaziviswa zvichaitika,” akadaro mumwe wacho. Chaiitiranwa nharo chakanga chiri chokuti kugona kuwana zvokudya kunofanira kurondedzerwa se“kodzero inozivikanwa yenyika yose,” sezvo “kodzero” ichigona kudzivirirwa mumatare emutemo. Mumwe mugari wokuCanada akatsanangura kuti: “Nyika dzakapfuma dzaitya kuti dzaizomanikidzwa kupa ruyamuro. Ndokusaka dzakaomerera kuti mashoko acho asashandiswa.”
Nemhaka yekutaura kusingaperi pamisangano inotsigirwa neUN, mumwe mumiririri weHurumende weEurope akati: “Pashure pokusarudza zvakawanda kudaro pamusangano wakaitirwa muCairo [pamusoro pouwandu hwevagari venyika nebudiriro, wakaitwa muna 1994], takazviwana pamusangano mumwe nomumwe wakatevera tichidzokera pachinhu chimwe chete.” Akarumbidza kuti: “Kushandisa rongedzero dzechiito nokuda kwokubetserwa kwevanhu biyedu kunofanira kuva pakutanga, kwete mimwe Misangano.”
Vacherekedzi vakabudisawo kuti kunyange vakapinda musangano wacho vaimiririra kupedzwa kwemari kwedzimwe nyika dzisingagoni kuripira mari yacho. Imwe nyika duku yeAfrica yakatumira vamiririri 14 nemakurukota maviri, vose vakagara muRome kwedzinopfuura vhiki mbiri. Pepanhau reItaly Corriere della Sera rakashuma kuti mukadzi wemumwe purezidhendi weAfrica, uyo munyika make mari inowanika pagore isingapfuuri $37 620 pamunhu akanga ari pakuparadza mari inokwana $262 200 mumamwe emaruwa okutenga azvino uno zvikurusa emuguta reRome.
Pane chikonzero here chokudavira kuti Rongedzero Yechiito yakagamuchirwa pamusangano wacho ichabudirira? Mumwe mutori wenhau anopindura kuti: “Chatinongogona kutarisira zvino ndechokuti hurumende dzichairangarira nenzira yakakomba ndokutora matanho kuti dzive nechokwadi chokuti rumbidzo dzadzo dzichaitwa. Vachadaro here? . . . Nhau inopa chikonzero chiduku chokukarira chakanaka.” Mutsinhiri mumwe chete iyeye akabudisa idi rinoodza mwoyo rokuti pasinei zvapo nokubvumirana paMusangano Wepasi weRio de Janeiro wa1992 kukwidza mipiro nokuda kwebetsero yokubudirira kusvika ku0,7 muzana yezvinhu zvose zvomumusha, “nyika shomanene bedzi dzakasvitsa nharidzano iyoyo isingapi mutoro.”
Ndiani Achapa Vane Nzara Zvokudya?
Nhau yakaratidzira zvakazara kuti pasinei zvapo nevavariro dzerudzi rwomunhu dzakanaka dzose, “nzira yomunhu haisi yake amene; munhu, anofamba, haagoni kururamisa nhano dzake.” (Jeremia 10:23) Naizvozvo zvingabvira kuti pachavo voga vanhu vachazombogovera zvokudya zvavose. Makaro, kusatarisirwa kwezvinhu zvakanaka, uye kuzvikudza kwakatungamirira rudzi rwomunhu kungwavaira. Mutungamiriri weFAO Diouf akatsinhira: “Chinodiwa pakupedzisira kuchinjwa kwemwoyo, ndangariro nezvido.”
Icho ndicho chimwe chinhu Umambo hwaMwari bedzi hunogona kuita. Mazana amakore akapfuura, chokwadika, Jehovha akaporofita pamusoro pevanhu vake: “Ndichaisa murayiro wangu mukati mavo, ndichaunyora mumwoyo yavo; ini ndichava Mwari wavo, ivo vachava vanhu vangu.”—Jeremia 31:33.
Apo Jehovha Mwari akagadzira musha webindu wapakuvamba werudzi rwomunhu, akagovera vanhu “mirivo yose inobereka mbeu, iri panyika, nemiti yose ine michero” sezvokudya. (Genesi 1:29) Gadziriro iyoyo yakanga yakazara, ine zvinovaka muviri, uye ichiwanika. Ndoizvo rudzi rwose rwomunhu rwaida kugutsa zvinodikanwa zvarwo zvezvokudya.
Donzo raMwari harina kuchinja. (Isaya 55:10, 11) Kare kare akapa chipikirwa chokuti iye bedzi achagutsa chinodikanwa chiri chose chorudzi rwomunhu kupfurikidza noUmambo hwake naKristu, achigovera zvokudya nokuda kwavose, kuparadza urombo, kudzora ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, uye kubvisa rwisano. (Pisarema 46:8, 9; Isaya 11:9; enzanisa naMarko 4:37-41; 6:37-44.) Panguva iyoyo “pasi pa[cha]bereka zvibereko zvapo; Mwari iye Mwari wedu uchatiropafadza.” “Kuchava nezviyo zvizhinji pasi pamusoro pamakomo.”—Pisarema 67:6; 72:16.
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 12]
Dorothea Lange, FSA Collection, Library of Congress