Chakavanzika Chakanyatsochengetedzwa
“Hapana munhu achaitwa muranda kana kushandiswa somuranda: uranda nokutengesa varanda mumarudzi akwo ose kucharambidzwa.”—Universal Declaration Of Human Rights.
NGUVA inotevera paunoisa tsvigiri musvutugadzike yako, funga nezvaPrevot, wokuHaiti akavimbiswa basa rakanaka kune imwe nyika iri muCaribbean. Asi, akatengeswa nemadhora masere.
Zvakaitika kuna Prevot zvakaitika kuvanhu vakawanda vari varanda saiye munyika yake vanomanikidzwa kutema nzimbe kwemwedzi mitanhatu kana minomwe vachipiwa mari shoma kana kuti vasingapiwi. Nhapwa idzi dzinogariswa makamanikidzika, mumamiriro ezvinhu asina utsanana. Zvinhu zvadzo zvatorwa, dzinopiwa mabhemba. Kuti dziwane zvokudya, dzinofanira kushanda. Kana dzikaedza kutiza, dzinogona kurohwa.
Funga zvakaitika kuna Lin-Lin, musikana anobva kuSoutheast Asia. Aiva nemakore 13 pakafa amai vake. Kambani inopinza vanhu basa yakamutenga kuna baba vake nemari inosvika $18 240, ichimuvimbisa basa rakanaka. Mari yaakatengwa nayo yakanzi “mubhadharo wake wenguva yemberi”—nzira yechokwadi yokuita kuti asambobva pavaridzi vake vatsva. Pane kuti apiwe basa rakanaka, Lin-Lin akaendeswa kuimba yepfambi, uko makasitoma anobhadhara muridzi wacho $152 paawa yavanopedza vainaye. Lin-Lin musungwa chaiye, sezvo asingakwanisi kuenda kusvikira chikwereti chake chabhadharwa. Chinosanganisira mari yaakatengwa nayo nomuridzi weimba yepfambi kuwedzera kumari ichange yaberekwa uye yezvimwe zvinhu. Kana Lin-Lin akaramba kuita zvinodiwa nomushandirwi wake, angarohwa kana kutambudzwa. Zvakatonyanya kuipa, kana akaedza kutiza, angaurayiwa.
Kune Rusununguko Rwavanhu Vose Here?
Vanhu vakawanda vanofunga kuti uranda hwakapera. Chokwadi, paitwa misangano yakawanda, ziviso nemitemo, zvakataurwa pamutemo kuti uranda hwava kurambidzwa munyika dzakawanda. Kuvengwa kwouranda kunotaurwa zvakasimba munyika dzakawanda. Mitemo yenyika inorambidza uranda, uye kurambidzwa kwahwo kuri mumitemo yemasangano ari munyika yose—kunyanya Article 4 yeUniversal Declaration of Human Rights ya1948, yataurwa pamusoro apa.
Asi, uranda huchiripo zvechokwadi—kunyange zvazvo kune vamwe chiri chakavanzika chakanyatsochengetedzwa. Kubva kuPhnom Penh kuenda kuParis, kubva kuMumbai kuenda kuBrasília, mamiriyoni evamwe vanhu—varume, vakadzi, navana—ari kumanikidzwa kurarama uye kushanda savaranda kana kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana navaranda. Anti-Slavery International iri kuLondon, sangano renyika yose rava namakore richiongorora nezvevanhu vanomanikidzwa kushanda, rinoti nhamba yavanhu vari muusungwa inosvika mazana amamiriyoni. Chokwadi, kungangova navaranda vakawanda munyika nhasi kupinda kare!
Ichokwadi kuti zvinhu zvakajairika zvakadai sesimbi dzomumaoko namakumbo, zvamboko, uye misika zvaivako kare hazvichashandiswi pauranda hwamazuva ano. Kumanikidzwa kushanda, kumanikidzwa kuroorwa, usungwa hunokonzerwa nechikwereti, kushandisa vana vaduku, uye kazhinji chipfambi ndizvo zvava mamwe marudzi ouranda hwamazuva ano. Varanda vanogona kuva varongo, vanofambisa ngamera, vanotema nzimbe, vanogadzira makapeti, kana kuti vanogadzira migwagwa. Chokwadi, vakawanda vavo havatengeswi pamisika yavanhu, asi havana kunyanya kusiyana nezvakaitika kune vamwe vakavatangira. Mune zvimwe zviitiko vanotobatwa zvakanyanya kuipa.
Ndivanaani vanova varanda? Vanova sei varanda? Chii chiri kuitwa kuvabatsira? Kubviswa zvachose kwouranda kwava pedyo here?
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 4]
URANDA HWAMAZUVA ANO CHII?
Uyu mubvunzo uyo kunyange United Nations inonetseka kupindura mushure memakore akawanda okuedza. Imwe tsananguro youranda ndeiyo yakataurwa neSlavery Convention ya1926, iyo yakati: “Uranda mugariro kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu omunhu ayo chero munhu kana kuti masimba ose okuva muridzi anoshandiswa.” Kunyange zvakadaro, shoko racho rinogona kutsanangurwa neimwe nzira. Maererano nomutapi wenhau Barbara Crossette, “uranda izita rinoshandisirwa kuvanhu vanotambira mari shoma vanoshanda mumaindasitiri okune dzimwe nyika anogadzirwa hembe neshangu, uye nzvimbo dzinogadzirwa zvinhu kwemaawa akawanda, vashandi vachibhadharwa muripo mushoma mumaguta eAmerica. Hunoshandiswa kushora bhizimisi rokuita zvepabonde uye kushandiswa mumajeri.”
Mike Dottridge, mukuru mukuru weAnti-Slavery International, anodavira kuti “uranda zvahunoita sehwava nenzira itsva—kana kuti sezvo shoko racho richishandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akawanda—pane njodzi yokuti zvarinoreva zvingava zvakakanganiswa kana kuti kuderedzwa.” Anofunga kuti “uranda hunoonekwa nokutonga mumwe munhu kana kuti kudzora upenyu hwomumwe munhu.” Hunosanganisira kumanikidza uye kudzivisa kufamba—chokwadi chokuti “mumwe munhu haana kusununguka kuenda, kuchinja munhu waanoshandira.”
A. M. Rosenthal, achinyora muThe New York Times, anoti: “Varanda vanorarama upenyu hwouranda—kushandiswa zvokuuraya, kubatwa chibharo, nzara, kutambudzwa, chinhu chiri chose chinoderedza munhu.” Akawedzera kuti: “Madhora 1 900 anotenga muranda, saka hazvina basa [kuvaridzi vacho] kuti vanorarama kwenguva yakareba sei miviri yavo isati yakandwa mune rumwe rwizi.”
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Ricardo Funari