Europe Yakabatana—Ingava Nebasa Rei?

ZVIVHARO zveChampagne zvakaputika. Moto unoparirwa nokukanda zvinhu zvichinoputikira mudenga wakavheneka chadenga. Chii chakanga chava kuitika? Yakanga yava mireniyumu itsva here? Aiwa, chiitiko ichi chakanga chichikosha kwazvo zvisingarambiki kupfuura kungochinja kwenhamba pamakarenda enyika. Waiva musi waJanuary 1, 1999. Mari itsva yakafanana yeEuropean Union (EU)—rudzi rwemari inonzi euro—yakatanga kushanda zvapamutemo musi iwoyo.

Vanhu vakawanda vomuEurope vanoona kutanga kushanda kwemari yakafanana sedanho rinokosha mukutsvakwa kwokubatana kwatora nguva refu muEurope. Pepanhau rokuNetherlands rinonzi De Telegraaf rakarumbidza kutanga kushanda kweeuro se“korona pamusoro pokubatanidzwa kweEurope.” Chokwadi, pashure pamakumi emakore okufungidzira, unyanzvi, uye kunonoka, kubatana kweEurope kunoita sokwava pedyo kupfuura kare.

Ichokwadi kuti vanhu vanogara kunze kweEurope vangashamisika kuti kufara kwose uku kuri kuparirwa nei. Kutanga kushanda kweeuro nokuedza kubatanidza Europe zvingaita sezvisinei noupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva. Zvisinei, kubatanidzwa kweEurope kwaizoita kuti pave nokumwe kubatana kukuru kwazvo mune zvoupfumi munyika yose. Saka zvaizova zvakaoma kusava nehanya neEurope yakabatana—pasinei zvapo nokuti munhu anogara kupi.

Somuenzaniso, munguva pfupi yapfuura Mutevedzeri woMunyori weHurumende yeUnited States Marc Grossman akaudza vateereri vokuNorth America kuti: “Kubudirira kwedu kwakabatanidzwa neEurope.” Nei? Pazvikonzero zvaakataura paiva nechokuti “pavashandi vomufekitari 12 voga voga muUnited States mumwe chete wavo anoshandira rimwe remabhizimisi 4 000 eEurope ari muUnited States.” Zvinonziwo, mari itsva yeEurope iyoyo inogona kuita kuti mitengo yezvinhu zvinopinzwa munyika—uye chero mitengo yemortgage—munyika dziri kure neEurope ichinje.

Nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzingabatsirwawo. Sei? Kumwe kuongorora kunoti: “Kutsiviwa kwemari dzakasiyana-siyana dzeEurope neeuro kuchaita kuti ukama hwebhizimisi hwenyika dzichiri kusimukira neEU huve nyore.” Uyezve, vamwe vari kufanotaura kuti zvichabatsirawo makambani okuJapan neokuUnited States anoita bhizimisi muEurope. Kana euro yava kunyatsoshanda, hapazovi nokuchinja-chinja kusiyana kwokukosha kwemari munyika dzomuEurope. Kuita bhizimisi muEurope kungava kusingachanyanyi kudhura.

Kana uri kuronga kufamba rwendo muEurope, ungaonawo kubatsira kwokubatana kweEurope. Munguva pfupi iri kutevera uchange wave kukwanisa kutenga nokuwana zvinhu munyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzeEurope nemari yakafanana, euro, inokosha zvakada kufanana nedhora rokuUnited States. Zviya zvokuti vashanyi vanovhiringidzika vachimhanya-mhanya nemagulden, mafranc, malire, madeutsche mark, uye macalculator anokwana muhomwe zvichange zvapera.

Zvisinei, danho reEurope rokuva nyika yakabatana rinoita kuti pave nechimwe chinhu chinotofadza kwazvo—tariro. Chimbofunga, makumi emakore mashomanene apfuura muEurope makanga muine hondo dzakapararira. Tiine pfungwa iyoyo, kubatana kweEurope chiitiko chinoshamisa. Vanhu munyika dzose vari kucherechedza izvi.

Vakawanda vava kutoshamisika kana kubatana kwenyika dzose kwavanga vakatarisira kwava kuzoitika zvechokwadi. Zvechokwadi iyi itarisiro inosvosva mwoyo! Matanho eEurope okubatana achaita kuti vanhu vasvike pakubatana munyika dzose here? Tisati tapindura mubvunzo iwoyo, tinofanira kumbonyatsoongorora kubatanidzwa kweEurope. Zvibingamupinyi zvipi zvinotadzisa kubatana zvichiripo zvinofanira kubviswa?

[Bhokisi/Chati iri papeji 12]

Kubatana Kwava Pedyo Here?

Pfungwa yokubatana kweEurope haisi itsva zvachose. Paiva nokubatana kwakati munguva yoUmambo hweRoma, tevere mukutonga kwaCharlemagne, uye gare gare mukutonga kwaNapoléon I. Muzviitiko zvakadaro kubatana kwaibva pasimba nokukunda. Zvisinei, Hondo Yenyika II yapera, nyika dzakati dzakaparadzwa nehondo dzakafunga kuti panofanira kuva nokubatana kunobva pakushandira pamwe. Nyika idzi dzaitarisira kuti kushandira pamwe kwakadaro kwaizoita kuti dzisangopfuma zvakare chete asiwo kuti hondo irambidzwe. Zvinotevera mamwe matanho enhoroondo yakatungamirira kumamiriro ezvinhu aripo nhasi:

• 1948 Mazana avatungamiriri vezvematongerwe enyika veEurope anoungana pamwe chete muHague, Netherlands, oita mhiko yokuti: “Hatizombofa takarwisanazve pachedu.”

• 1950 France neGermany dzinovamba kushandira pamwe kuitira kuti dzidzivirire maindasitiri adzo emarasha nesimbi. Nyika dzakawanda dzinobatanawo nadzo, uye izvi zvinoita kuti paumbwe European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). ECSC yacho inovamba kushanda muna 1952 uye inosanganisira Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, neWest Germany.

• 1957 Nhengo nhanhatu dzeECSC dzinoumba mamwe masangano maviri: European Economic Community (EEC) uye European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom).

• 1967 EEC inobatana neECSC uye Euratom inoumba European Community (EC).

• 1973 EC inobvumira Denmark, Ireland, neUnited Kingdom kuti dzipinde.

• 1981 Greece inobatanawo neEC.

• 1986 Portugal neSpain dzinobatanawo neEC.

• 1990 EC inowedzera kukura apo West neEast Germany dzinobatana, zvichiita kuti yaimbova East Germany ipindewo musangano racho.

• 1993 Kuedza kuwana upfumi hwakanyanya nokubatana kwezvematongerwe enyika kwenhengo dzeEC kunoita kuti paumbwe European Union (EU).

• 2000 EU ine nyika 15 dziri nhengo—Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, neUnited Kingdom.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 11]

“Euro” ichatsiva mari dzakawanda dzeEurope

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 11]

Maeuro nezviratidzo zveeuro zviri pamapeji 11, 13, 14, uye 16: © European Monetary Institute