Kutsvakwa Kwenzira Dzokuzvipedza Nadzo Kunoenderera Mberi
KUBVIRA parakavambwa, Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose rave richifarira vana nezvinetso zvavo. Pakupera kwa1946, rakavamba United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) senzira yokufanotarisira nayo vana munharaunda dzainge dzaparadzwa nehondo.
Muna 1953 sangano rokufanobatsira iri rakashandurwa kuva sangano rechigarire. Kunyange hazvo iye zvino rava kuzivikanwa zviri pamutemo seUnited Nations Children’s Fund, rakaramba riine zita raro rapakutanga rakapfupikiswa rokuti, UNICEF. Saka, kweanopfuura makore makumi mashanu, UNICEF yave ichipa vana pasi rose zvokudya, zvokupfeka, nokutarisira mune zvokurapa uye yave iri kuedza kutarisira zvinodiwa nevana zvose hazvo.
Zvinodiwa nevana zvakasimudzirwa kwazvo muna 1959 apo Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose rakaita Ziviso Yekodzero Dzevana (Declaration of the Rights of the Child). (Ona bhokisi riri papeji 5.) Zvaitarisirwa kuti iri gwaro raizoita kuti zvinetso zvevana zvitarisiswe richibatsira kuzvigadzirisa nokukurudzira voruzhinji kutsigira, nemari kana nedzimwe nzira.
Asi “makore makumi maviri gare gare,” maererano ne1980 Year Book yaCollier, “idzi ‘kodzero’—zvikurukuru dziya dzine chokuita nezvokudya, utano, nezvokurarama nazvo—dzakanga dzichiri kushayikwa zvikuru nevazhinji vevana mabhiriyoni 1,5 vaiva mupasi rose.” Saka richiziva nezvokudikanwa kwokugadzirisa zvinetso zvevana kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera uye maererano nezvinangwa zvaro zvarakazivisa, Sangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose rakatsaura gore ra1979 kuva Gore Revana Renyika Dzose (International Year of the Child). Mapoka ehurumende, evanhuwo zvavo, ezvitendero, uye anopa rubatsiro pasi rose akakurumidza kubvuma kutsvaka nzira yokupedza nayo zvinetso.
Kwaingova “Kutamba Kwoutsinye” Here?
Zvinosuruvarisa kuti, maererano nomumwe mushumo weUNICEF, vana vari munyika dzichiri kubudirira hazvina kuvafambira zvakanaka muGore Revana Renyika Dzose. Pakupera kwegore, vanenge mamiriyoni 200 vavo vakanga vachiri kushayiwa zvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana, uye hafu yokufiwa kwakaitwa nemamiriyoni 15 vaive pasi pemakore mashanu inganzi yakakonzerwa nokushayiwa kudya kunovaka muviri. Pavana 100 vakaberekwa paminiti imwe neimwe mugore iroro munyika idzodzo, 15 vaifa vasati vasvitsa gore. Vari pasi pe40 muzana ndivo vaipedza chikoro chepuraimari. Achitaura nezvomushumo weUNICEF, mashoko omupepeti wepepanhau rinonzi Indian Express akati Gore Revana rakazoratidza kuva “kutamba kwoutsinye.”
Vamwe vanhu vakange vafanoona kukundikana uku. Somuenzaniso, gore racho richangotanga, Fabrizio Dentice akanyora mumagazini inonzi L’Espresso kuti: “Chimwe chinhu chinopfuura Gore Revana chinodiwa kugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu.” Magazini yacho yakati: “Mararamiro anhasi anotiita kuti tive zvatiri, uye izvozvo ndizvo zvinoda kuchinjwa.”
Mukutsvaka nzira yokupedza nayo zvinetso zvevana kuri kuitika, musangano wenyika yose wakaitwa pamuzinda weUN muna September 1990. Waive mumwe wemisangano mikuru zvikuru yevatungamiriri venyika yati yamboitwa munhau. Vatungamiriri vehurumende vanopfuura 70 vaivepo. Kuungana kwacho kwaitevera Chibvumirano Chekodzero Dzevana (Convention on the Rights of the Child), chakadzikwa musi waNovember 20 1989, chikatanga kushanda musi waSeptember 2, 1990. Pakazopera mwedzi iwoyo, chibvumirano chacho chaive chagamuchirwa zviri pamutemo nenyika 39.
“Chibvumirano chacho,” UNICEF yakadaro munguva ichangopfuura, “chakurumidza kuva chibvumirano chekodzero dzavanhu chakagamuchirwa zvikuru kupinda zvimwe zvose zvati zvamboitwa, chichipa kurudziro yepasi rose nokuda kwevana.” Zvechokwadi, kuzosvika muna November 1999, Chibvumirano chacho chaive chagamuchirwa nenyika 191. UNICEF yakazvikudza ichiti: “Kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitwa mukuziva uye kudzivirira kodzero dzevana mumakore gumi akatevera kugamuchirwa kweChibvumirano Chekodzero Dzevana kupinda munguva ipi neipi ingaenzaniswa nayo munhau yevanhu.”
Pasinei nokufambira mberi uku, Purezidhendi weGermany Johannes Rau akazotaura kuti: “Zvinosuruvarisa kuti munguva yedu tichiri kuda kuyeuchidzwa kuti vana vane kodzero.” Kana kuyeuchidzwa kuti vane zvinetso zvakakomba! Ichibvuma muna November 1999 kuti “zvakawanda zvichiri kuda kuitwa,” UNICEF yakatsanangura kuti: “Pasi rose, vana vanofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 12 vari pasi pemakore mashanu vanofa gore negore, kazhinji kacho nezvikonzero zvinodzivisika nyore. Anenge mamiriyoni 130 evana vari munyika dzichiri kubudirira havasi muchikoro chepuraimari . . . Vana vanenge mamiriyoni 160 vari kushayiwa zvikuru kana kuti zvine mwero zvokudya zvinovaka muviri. . . . Vana vasingadiwi vakawanda vari kutambudzika mumisha yokurera nherera nemimwewo, vachishayiswa dzidzo nokutarisirwa zvakakwana mune zvoutano. Vana ava vanowanzobatwa zvakaipa. Vana vanofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 250 vari mumabasa orudzi rwakati.” Pakataurwawo nezvemamiriyoni 600 evana vari kurarama muurombo hukuru uye mamiriyoni 13 achange arasikirwa nomubereki mumwe kana vose nokuda kweAIDS panozopera gore ra2000.
Nzira dzokupedza nadzo zvinetso izvi dzinogutsa dzinoita sedziri kunzvenga vatungamiriri vezvematongerwe enyika. Asi, zvinetso zvevana hazvisi munyika dzichiri kubudirira chete. Munyika dzokuMadokero vana vakawanda vane kushayiwa kworumwe rudzi.
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 4]
“Zvinosuruvarisa kuti munguva yedu tichiri kuda kuyeuchidzwa kuti vana vane kodzero”
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 5]
Ziviso yeUN Yekodzero Dzevana:
● Kodzero yokuva nezita uye kuva mugari womunyika.
● Kodzero yokudiwa, kunzwisiswa uye kuchengetedzwa nezvinhu zvaanoda.
● Kodzero yokuwana zvokudya, pokugara, nokurapwa zvakakwana.
● Kodzero yokunyatsotarisirwa kana akaremara, ungava muviri, pfungwa, kana kuti mumagariro.
● Kodzero yokuva pakati pevanotanga kudzivirirwa nokununurwa mumamiriro ose ezvinhu.
● Kodzero yokudzivirirwa kumarudzi ose okuraswa, kuitirwa utsinye, nokudzvinyirirwa.
● Kodzero yokuwana mukana wakazara wokutamba uye varaidzo nomukana wakaenzana wedzidzo yapachena inowanikwa nomunhu wose, kuitira kuti mwana wacho akwanise kuvandudza mano ake pachake uye kuti ave munhu anobatsira munzanga.
● Kodzero yokukudziridza panogumira zvaanokwanisa mumamiriro ezvinhu ane rusununguko noruremekedzo.
● Kodzero yokukurira mumamiriro ezvinhu okunzwisisana, kushivirirana, ushamwari pakati pevanhu, runyararo, uye ukama hwenyika yose.
● Kodzero yokuva nekodzero idzi pasinei norudzi, ruvara, chitendero, zvematongerwe enyika kana mamwe mafungiro, nyika kana nzanga yaanobva, uye zvinhu zvaanazvo, kuzvarwa, kana mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Pfupikiso inobva mubhuku rinonzi Everyman’s United Nations
[Vakatipa Mifananidzo iri papeji 3]
UN PHOTO 148038/Jean Pierre Laffont
UN photo
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 4]
Mifananidzo iri papeji 4 ne5 Giacomo Pirozzi/Panos Pictures