Zvombo Zviduku, Zvinetso Zvikuru
KWEMAZANA emakore, hurukuro dzokuti zvombo zvive zvishoma dzainyanya kunanga zvombo zvenyukireya. Izvi hazvitomboshamisi, sezvo bhomba rimwe renyukireya richigona kuparadza guta rose. Asi, kusiyana nepfuti, zvombo zvihombe izvi zvave zvisingashandiswi muhondo kwemakore anodarika 50.
Munyori wenhau dzechiuto anoremekedzwa John Keegan anonyora kuti: “Kubvira musi wa9 August, 1945, zvombo zvenyukireya hazvina wazvati zvauraya. Vanhu 50 000 000 vakafira muhondo kubvira pazuva iroro. Vazhinji vacho vakaurayiwa nezvombo zvisingadhuri, zvinogadzirwa zvakawanda uye zvine mabara maduku, zvinodhura zvishoma kudarika maredhiyo nemabhatiri anoshanda kamwe zvakaita jakachaka munyika panguva imwe chete. Nyika dzakabudirira hadzikurumidzi kuona nhamo inounzwa nokushandisa pfuti, nokuti hadzina kuvhiringidza upenyu kunze kwomunharaunda shoma dzakazara nokutengeswa kwezvinodhaka nougandanga hwezvematongerwe enyika.”
Hapana anonyatsoziva kuti ipfuti ngani nezvigwagwagwa zvingani zviripo, asi nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti pfuti dzehondo dzingasvika anenge mamiriyoni 500. Uyezve, vanhuwo zvavo vane makumi emamiriyoni edzimwe pfuti dzisiri dzehondo nezvivhorovhoro. Uyewo, zvombo zvitsva zvinogadzirwa uye zvinotengeswa gore negore.
Zvombo Zvinonyanya Kusarudzwa
Chikonzero nei pfuti dzakava zvombo zvinonyanya kusarudzwa muhondo dzichangopfuura? Chimwe chezvikonzero zvacho chine chokuita noukama huri pakati pehondo nourombo. Hondo dzakawanda kwazvo dzakarwiwa muma1990 dzakarwiwa munyika dzine urombo—dzine urombo zvikuru zvokusagona kutenga zvombo zvikuru zvehondo. Pfuti nezvigwagwagwa hazvinyanyi kudhura. Somuenzaniso, zvinofungidzirwa kuti madhora mamiriyoni 50 okuAmerica [Z$2 750 000 000], anogona kutenga ndege yehondo yemazuva ano, angashandiswa kutenga pfuti 200 000.
Dzimwe nguva, pfuti nezvigwagwagwa zvakatochipa kupfuura ipapa. Mamiriyoni asingaverengeki ezvombo izvi anongopiwa pachena nemauto anenge achideredza uwandu, kana kuti anoshandiswa kubva muhondo imwe kuenda kune imwe. Mudzimwe nyika mune pfuti dzakawanda zvokuti dzinotengeswa nemari shomanana inosvika madhora matanhatu okuAmerica [Z$330] kana kuti dzinogona kuchinjaniswa nembudzi, huku, kana kuti bhegi rembatya dzakamboshandiswa.
Asi, kunze kwokusadhura uye kuwanikwa zviri nyore, pane zvimwe zvikonzero nei pfuti dzakakurumbira. Dzinouraya. Pfuti imwe inopfura nokukurumidza inogona kubudisa mazana emabara paminiti. Dziriwo nyore kushandisa nokugadzirisa. Mwana ane makore gumi anogona kudzidziswa kugwejenura nokubatanidza pfuti. Mwana muduku anogonawo kudzidza nokukurumidza kutondeka nokupfura muboka revanhu.
Chimwe chikonzero nei pfuti dzakakurumbira ndechokuti dzakasimba uye dzinoramba dzichishanda kwemakore. Pfuti dzakadai sedzinonzi AK-47 neM16, dzaishandiswa nemauto muHondo yeVietnam, dzichiri kungoshandiswa muhondo dzemazuva ano. Dzimwe pfuti dzinoshandiswa muAfrica dzaishandiswa muHondo Yenyika I. Uyezve, pfuti dzinotakurwa nokuvigwa zviri nyore. Bhiza rimwe rinogona kutakura pfuti gumi nembiri kudziendesa kuboka remauto riri musango dema kana kugomo riri kure zvikuru. Mudungwe wemabhiza unogona kutakura zvombo zvinokwana kupakatisa uto duku.
Pfuti, Zvinodhaka, uye Madhaimani
Kutengeseranwa kwezvombo munyika yose hakunzwisisiki. Pfuti dzakawanda kwazvo dzinopfuudzwa zviri pamutemo kubva mune imwe nyika kuenda mune imwe. Pashure peHondo Yemashoko, mauto akaderedzwa kuMabvazuva nokuMadokero, uye hurumende dzakapa kana kutengesa zvinhu zvomuraudzo kushamwari. Maererano nomumwe munyori paPeace Research Institute muOslo, kuNorway, kubvira muna 1995 United States chete yakapa pfuti, zvigwagwagwa, zvivhorovhoro nemagirinedhi zvinopfuura 300 000. Zvinonzi kupa zvombo hakudhuri pane kuzvigwejenura kana kuzvichengeta nokuzvitarisira. Vamwe vaongorori vanofungidzira kuti zvombo zviduku zvinoita anenge madhora mabhiriyoni matatu okuAmerica [Z$165 000 000 000] zvinopfuudzwa pamiganhu yenyika zviri pamutemo gore negore.
Zvisinei, kutengeswa kwazvo zvisiri pamutemo kungadaro kwakatokura. Zvombo zvinotengeswa zvisiri pamutemo kakawanda kacho zvinofanira kutengwa. Mudzimwe hondo dzomuAfrica, mapoka emauto akatenga pfuti dzinoita mazana emamiriyoni emadhora, kwete nemari, asi vachishandisa madhaimani akatorwa munharaunda dzaanocherwa. The New York Times yakati: “Uko hurumende dzine uori, vapanduki havanzwiri urombo uye miganhu yakabooka . . . Matombo anon’aima ava kukonzera uranda, umhondi, kuremadzwa, kushaya pokugara kwevakawanda uye kuparara kwezvirongwa zvoupfumi.” Zvinoshamisa sei kuti dombo rinon’aima rinochinjaniswa nepfuti ringatengeswa muchitoro chezvishongo sechiratidzo chinodhura chorudo rusingagumi!
Zvombo zvine chokuitawo nokutengeswa zvisiri pamutemo kwezvinodhaka. Hazvishamisi kuti masangano ematsotsi achinjanise zvombo nezvinodhaka. Nokudaro zvombo zvava kuita semari, inochinjaniswa nezvinodhaka.
Pashure Pokunge Pfuti Dzehondo Dzanyarara
Panopera hondo, pfuti dzinoshandiswa madziri, kakawanda kacho dzinowira mumaoko evapari vemhosva. Funga nezvezvakaitika mune imwe nyika yokumaodzanyemba kweAfrica yakachinja kubva muchisimba chaikonzerwa nezvematongerwe enyika kuenda kuchisimba chematsotsi. Chisimba chezvematongerwe enyika chakauraya vanhu vanenge 10 000 mumakore matatu chete. Pakapera hondo iyoyo, chisimba chevapari vemhosva chakawedzera. Kukwikwidzana kwevatyairi vemakombi kwakaguma ne“hondo dzemakombi” uye matsotsi akatengwa kuti apfure vatakurwi nevatyairi vemakambani aikwikwidza. Kushandiswa kwepfuti dzehondo mukuba nedzimwe mhosva kwakawedzera. Nhamba yokuuraya kwakaitwa nepfuti yakasvika 11 000 mune rimwe gore richangopfuura, mwero wepamusoro wechipiri munyika yose munyika dzisina hondo.
Kuziva kuti matsotsi ane zvombo uye ane ngozi kunoita kuti pave nokutya uye kushaya dziviriro. Munyika dzakawanda dzichiri kubudirira, vakapfuma vanogara munzvimbo dzakanyatsokomberedzwa, dzine midhuri nefenzi dzine magetsi zvinogara zvakachengetedzwa masikati nousiku. Vagari vomunyika dzakabudirira vanochenjererawo. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyange munzvimbo dzisina kumbova nehondo dzezvizvarwa zvomunyika imwe chete.
Saka munyika dzine hondo nomunyika dzine “runyararo,” pfuti dzinoitawo kuti pave nokusagadzikana. Hapana munhu anogona kuyera nhamo huru inokonzerwa nepfuti; uye hatigoni kuverenga vakafa, vakakuvadzwa, vakafirwa, uye upenyu hwakakanganiswa. Asi, tinoziva kuti nyika yakazara nezvombo uye kuti nhamba dzazvo dzinoramba dzichiwedzera. Kukurudzira kuti chimwe chinhu chiitwe kunoramba kuchiwedzera. Asi chii chingaitwa? Chii chichaitwa? Iyi ndiyo mibvunzo yatichakurukura munyaya inotevera.
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 15]
Aimbova Murwi Anozviona Se“zibenzi”
Mumwe murwi akarwa muhondo yakaita kuti pave nevapoteri vataurwa munyaya yokutanga akazviwana asingashandi uye asina mari kamwe kamwe ari muguta raakanga abatsira kukunda. Akataura achiratidza kurwadziwa kuti akanga aona mwanakomana womukuru wake akatasva mudhudhudhu woumbozha achitenderera mutaundi uye vaimbova vatungamiriri vemauto vachikwikwidzana kuwana zvigaro uye vachitsvaka kuremekedzwa. “Pandinofunga nezvemakore mashanu andakapedzera musango, ndichiuraya vanhu uye ndichipfurwa, ndinozviona sezibenzi chairo,” akadaro murwi wacho. “Taipa upenyu hwedu nokuda kwevanhu avo mangwana vasingazoyeuki masvikiro avakaita pavari.”
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Murwi: Nanzer/Sipa Press
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 16]
“Hakuna Nzvimbo Yokuhwanda”
Kunyange zvazvo pfuti yemazuva ano ichigona kuuraya, ine painogumira. Inongokanda mabara chete. Haigoni kuuraya vanhu vakahwanda seri kwemidhuri yakasimba kana kwezvinovharidzira. Mukutya kwomuhondo, kutondeka kwomusoja kungasava kwakarurama. Yakabatwa nemaoko, kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka pfuti yakarurama kusvika pamamita 460 chete.
Uto reUnited States rine chinopedza “zvinetso” zvakadaro—pfuti itsva inogona kuita zvose inonzi Objective Individual Combat Weapon (OICW). Isinganyanyi kurema zvokukwanisa kutakurwa nomusoja mumwe, OICW haingokandi mabara chete asiwo magirinedhi. Chimwe chinhu chayakasiyana nedzimwe ndechokuti: Inogona kuuraya vavengi vanohwanda seri kwezvinovharidzira. Zvinongoitwa nomusoja wacho ndezvokutondeka pfuti yake pamusoro zvishoma kana kuti parutivi pepaanoda kupfura. Pfuti yacho inopima daro riri pane chinhu chinodiwa uye inofanogadzirira fiyuzi yemagetsi iri pagirinedhi kuitira kuti iputikire padaro chairo rinenge richidiwa, ichimwaya muvengi wacho nemabara. “Zvainoita zvakasiyana nedzimwe zvichaita kuti varwi veUnited States vakwanise kupfura chero papi,” akadaro mumiririri wekambani iri kugadzira pfuti yacho. Girazi rokuonesa richaita kuti chombo chacho chishande zvakanaka kunyange murima.
“Hakuna nzvimbo yokuhwanda” papfuti iyi, vanozvikudza vachidaro vagadziri vayo, avo vanotaurawo kuti pfuti yacho ichakwanisa kuuraya zvakapetwa kashanu pane M16 neyokukandisa magirinedhi inonzi M203 kubva padaro rakapetwa kaviri. Masoja anoishandisa haafaniri kunetseka nokunyatsotondeka; vanofanira kutarira nepagirazi rokuonesa chete vodhonza chikungiso kuti ibudise mabara nemagirinedhi. Kana zvinhu zvikaramba zvichifamba semarongerwo azvakaitwa, boka remauto rokutanga richapakatiswa OICW panosvika gore ra2007.
Zvisinei, vatsoropodzi vari kubvunza mibvunzo yokuti: Pfuti yacho ichashandiswa sei apo masoja anofamba-famba munzvimbo umo mauto evavengi anenge ari pakati pevanhuwo zvavo? Chii chinoitika panotengeswa OICW kumauto ari munyika yose angaishandisa kurwisa vanhu vavo pachavo? Uye chii chinoitika apo pfuti yacho inowanikwa nemagandanga uye vapari vemhosva?
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Alliant Techsystems
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 14]
Pfuti nezvigwagwagwa zvinowanzochinjaniswa nemadhaimani nezvinodhaka