Kuwana Pavangatiwo Ndepavo

“Kunyange kana musha wacho wakaderera hawo, hapana nzvimbo ingaenzana nawo.”—John Howard Payne.

HONDO ndiyo yakatanga, hondo isina kumbofa yakapera. Ndokuzouya kusanaya kwemvura, kusanaya kwemvura kwakaramba kuripo. Nzara yakabva yateverawo kusanaya kwemvura. Vanhu vakabva vangoita chinhu chimwe chavaigona—vakasiya misha yavo vachitsvaka mvura, zvokudya uye basa.

Vakasvika vari zviuru pamuganhu wenyika. Asi mumakore aiva achangopfuura vapoteri vanosvika miriyoni vakanga vatobvumirwa kupinda, zvichiita kuti nyika yakavakidzana iyi isabvuma vamwe. Mapurisa epamuganhu wenyika aiva nemibhadha akava nechokwadi chokuti hapana aiverevedza kupinda.

Mukuru wezvokupinda nokubuda kwevanhu munyika yacho akarondedzera zvakananga zvikonzero zvokumisa kudirana kwevapoteri munyika yake. “Havabhadhari mitero. Vanoparadza migwagwa. Vanotema miti. Vanopedza mvura. Aiwa, hatichadi vamwe futi.”a

Zviitiko zvinosuruvarisa kudai zviri kunyanya kuva zvakajairika. Vanhu vanenge vatiza misha yavo vanowana kuti zvinoramba zvichinyanya kuoma kuti vawane pavangatiwo ndepavo. “Sezvo nhamba yevanhu vari kutsvaka kudzivirirwa yawedzera, ndizvowo zviri kuita kusada kwenyika kupa kudzivirirwa ikoko,” wakatsanangura kudaro mumwe mushumo weAmnesty International.

Vaya vanenge vakwanisa kusvika kumusasa wevapoteri vangawana kuchengeteka kwakati, asi hakumboiti sokumusha. Uye mararamiro mumusasa macho anogona kunge asina kana kumbonaka zvachose.

Upenyu Mumisasa Yevapoteri

“[Kumusha] ungaurayiwa nembumburu, asi kuno [mumusasa wevapoteri] vana vako vachafa nenzara,” akanyunyuta kudaro mumwe mupoteri womuAfrica. Sezvakaonekwa nababa vainetseka ava, misasa yakawanda inoramba ichiperevedza zvokudya nemvura pamwe chete nokushayikwa kwoutsanana uye dzimba dzakakwana. Zvikonzero zvacho zviri pachena. Nyika dzichiri kubudirira dzinozviwana dzazara nezviuru zvevapoteri dzingatove dzichitonetsekawo nokuwana zvokudya zvevagari vadzo. Hadzigoni kupa rubatsiro rwakakura kugurumwandira revanhu vanongoerekana vati tumbi pamisiwo yadzo. Uye nyika dzakapfuma, dzine zvinodzinetsawo, dzingasada kubatsira kuchengeta vapoteri vakawanda mune dzimwe nyika.

Apo vanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni maviri vakatiza vachibva mune imwe nyika yomuAfrica muna 1994, misasa yevapoteri yakavakwa zvechimbi-chimbi yakanga isina mvura yakakwana noutsanana hwakakodzera. Zvakaguma nokuita kuti manyoka auraye zviuru zvevanhu kuzosvikira pakagona kumiswa kupararira kwawo. Zvakatoipa zvikuru, magandanga aiva nezvombo akapinda muvapoteri ndokubva angotanga iwo kuita basa rokugoverwa kwezvinhu zvokuyamura. Chinetso ichi hachina kungoitika ikoko chete. “Kuvapo kwevanhu vane zvombo pakati pevapoteri kwakaita kuti vanhuwo zvavo vawedzere kuva pangozi. Kwakaita kuti vagone kutyisidzirwa, kurohwa uye kumanikidzirwa kupinda muchiuto,” unodaro mushumo weSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose.

Vanhu vomunyika iyoyo vangatamburawo nemhaka yokupinda kwegurusvusvu revapoteri vane nzara munyika yavo. Munharaunda yeGreat Lakes muAfrica, vamwe vakuru vakuru vakanyunyuta kuti: “[Vapoteri] vakapedza matura edu ezvokudya, vakaparadza minda yedu, mombe dzedu, nzvimbo dzedu dzinochengeterwa mhuka nemiti, vakakonzera nzara uye vakaparadzira nhenda . . . [Vanobatsirikana] nezvirongwa zvokuwanisa vanhu zvokudya nepo isu tisingawani chinhu.”

Zvisinei, chinetso chikuru chingava chokuti misasa yevapoteri yenguva duku inoguma yava nzvimbo dzokugara zvechigarire. Somuenzaniso, mune imwe nyika yokuMiddle East, vapoteri vanosvika 200 000 vakamanikidzana mumusasa wakavakirwa kuti ugarwe nevanhu vanenge 50 000. Mumwe wavo akatsanangura nehasha kuti: “Hatina kwokuenda.” Vapoteri ava vave vachitambura kwenguva refu vanoomeserwa zvikuru panyaya dzebasa munyika yavanenge vapotera, uye vanenge 95 muzana vanonzi havana basa kana kuti havana basa rakatsarukana. “Zvechokwadi handizivi kuti vanorarama sei,” mumwe mukuru mukuru anoona nezvevapoteri akadaro.

Asi kana zvinhu zvichiita sezvakaoma mumisasa yevapoteri, zvingatova zvakatooma zvikuru kune vaya vakatiza misha yavo asi vasingagoni kusiya nyika yavo pachavo.

Nhamo Yokumanikidzwa Kusiya Musha

Maererano noMumiririri Mukuru Wevapoteri weSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, “kukura uye zvakanyatsoita chinetso ichi, kutambura kwevanhu kunokonzerwa nacho, pamwewo nezvachinoita parugare nokuchengeteka pasi pose, kwakaita kuti kutiza misha kunoitwa nevanhu vasingagoni kusiya nyika yavo kuve nyaya inonetsa zvikuru munyika yose.” Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka, vanhu vasina misha ava vanenge vari pangozi zvikuru kupfuura vapoteri.

Hapana sangano repasi pose rinotarisira vanhu vakatiza misha vari munyika dzavo, uye dambudziko ravo rokushaya chokubata harimbonyanyi kutaurwa nevezvenhau. Hurumende dzavo, dzinenge dzakatonyura mukumwe kurwisana, dzingava dzisingadi kana kuti dzisingakwanisi kuvadzivirira. Mhuri dzinowanzoparadzana padzinenge dzichitiza munzvimbo dzine ngozi. Sezvo kakawanda vachifamba netsoka, vamwe vanotiza misha vanowanzofa pavanenge vachienda kunzvimbo yakachengeteka.

Vakawanda vanotiza misha ava vanopotera mumaguta, mavanorarama nezvokupara muzvitangwena kana kuti zvivako zvakasiyiwa. Vamwe vanoungana mumisasa, inorwiswa dzimwe nguva. Kazhinji, mwero wavo wokufa wakakwirira kupfuura weboka rimwe ripi neripi munyika yacho.

Kunyange mabasa omwoyo wose okuyamura anorongwa nechinangwa chokubvisa kutambura kwevanhu ava anogona kutadza kubudirira zvinotarisirwa. The State of the World’s Refugees 2000 rinotsanangura kuti: “Mumakore gumi okupedzisira ezana remakore rechi20, masangano anopa ruyamuro anoshandira munyika dzasakadzwa nehondo akaponesa zviuru zvoupenyu uye akaita zvakawanda kuderedza kutambura kwevanhu. Zvisinei, chimwe chezvidzidzo zvinokosha zvemakore gumi acho ndechokuti panguva yokurwisana mabasa okuyamura anogona kudzorwa nyore nyore nevanenge vachirwisana vacho, uye zvingaguma nokusimbiswa kwenzvimbo dzezviremera zvinoita basa rokuputsa kodzero dzevanhu. Uyewo, zvinhu zvokuyamura zvinopiwa nemasangano anopa ruyamuro zvinogona kusimbisa nyika dzine hondo, zvichibatsira kutsigira uye kurebesa hondo yacho.”

Kutsvaka Mararamiro Ari Nani

Kunze kwevapoteri nevanhu vanotiza misha yavo, kunewo vapoteri vanotiza urombo munyika dzavo vari kuwedzera. Kune zvikonzero zvinoverengeka zvinoitisa kudaro. Kusiyana kuri pakati penyika dzakapfuma nedzine urombo kunoramba kuchikura, uye zuva nezuva purogiramu dzeterevhizheni dzinoratidza upenyu hwepamusoro-soro hwedzimwe nyika pamberi pevamwe vari varombo vokupedzisira panyika. Kufamba munyika yose kwava nyore, uye kuyambuka miganhu kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kuva nyore. Hondo dzevagari vomunyika imwe chete pamwewo noudzvinyiriri hwemarudzi nehwechitendero zvinoitawo kuti vanhu vanyanye kuda kutamira kunyika dzakabudira.

Asi nepo vamwe vanotama—kunyanya vaya vanotova nehama munyika dzakabudirira—vanobudirira kutama, vamwe vanoguma nokuparadza upenyu hwavo. Vaya vanowira mumaoko ematsotsi vanova mungozi chaiyo. (Ona mabhokisi ari munyaya ino.) Mhuri ingaita zvakanaka kunyatsofunga nezvengozi idzi isati yatama nokuda kwezvikonzero zvourombo.

Muna 1996 rimwe igwa rekare rakapidiguka muGungwa reMediterranean, vanhu 280 vakanyura. Vanhu vaivamo vakanga vachida kuedza kutama vachibva kuIndia, Pakistan, neSri Lanka vakanga vabhadhara mari iri pakati peUS$6 000 [Z$330 000] uye US$8 000 [Z$440 000] kuti vakwanise kusvika kuEurope. Igwa racho risati ranyura, vakanga vatotsungirira vhiki dzokutambura nenzara, nyota uye kubatwa zvisina kunaka. ‘Rwendo rwavo rwokumafuro manyoro’ rwakava nhamo huru yakaguma nokufa.

Anenge mupoteri wose, anotiza musha, kana kuti anotama zvisiri pamutemo anotova nezvake zvinotyisa zvokurondedzera. Chero chipi chinenge chaita kuti vanhu ava vasiye misha yavo—ingava hondo, kutambudzwa, kana kuti urombo—kutambura kwavo kunomutsa mibvunzo yokuti: Chinetso ichi chichambofa chakagadziriswa here? Kana kuti vapoteri vachangoramba vachiwedzera here?

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]

Matambudziko Evanotama Zvisiri Pamutemo

Kunze kwevapoteri nevanhu vanotiza misha yavo, kune “vanotama zvisiri pamutemo” vari pakati peanenge mamiriyoni 15 nemamiriyoni 30 pasi pose. Vakawanda vavo vanhu vanoda kutiza urombo—uye zvichida kusarurwa nokutambudzwa—vachienda kunyika dzakapfuma zvikuru.

Sezvo mikana yokutamira kune imwe nyika zviri pamutemo yakaderera mumakore achangopfuura, kuyambutsa vatami pamiganhu zvisiri pamutemo kwakatanga. Chaizvoizvo, kuyambutsa miganhu zvisiri pamutemo vanhu vanotama razova bhizimisi rinoitwa nemasangano emakoronyera pasi pose. Vamwe vaongorori vanoti zvinowanisa mari inosvika madhora mabhiriyoni 12 okuUnited States [Z$66 000 000 000] pagore, pasina chinombonyanya kuitika kumakoronyera acho. Pino Arlacchi, mutevedzeri womunyori mukuru weSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, akaiti “mhosva iri kukura nokukurumidza zvikuru pasi pose.”

Vanhu vanotamira kune dzimwe nyika zvisiri pamutemo ava havana mutemo unodzivirira, uye mapasipoti avo agara achingotorwa nemakoronyera acho. Vanhu vanotama vakadaro vanogona kuwanikwa mumafekitari evanofondoka vachipiwa mubhadharo mushomanana, mumabasa omudzimba, mune zvokuredza, kana kuti mumapurazi. Vamwe vanoguma vava pfambi. Kana vakabatwa nezviremera, pane mukana wokudzorerwa kunyika kwavo, homwe dzisina chinhu. Kana vakada kuramba kubatwa zvakaipa kwavanoitwa pabasa, vangarohwa kana kubatwa chibharo kana kutoita kuti vamwe vemhuri yavo vanenge vari kumusha vatyisidzirwe.

Kakawanda kacho mapoka emakoronyera anovimbisa kutsvakira vanoda kutama mabasa anobhadhara kwazvo. Somugumisiro, mhuri ine urombo ingaparadza zvose zvainazvo kuti itumire nhengo imwe chete yemhuri kuEurope kana kuti kuUnited States. Kana munhu wacho asingagoni kubhadhara mari inodiwa, anenge achitarisirwa kuzobhadhara chikwereti chake ave kushanda, chinogona kunge chakakura seUS$40 000 [Z$2 200 000]. ‘Upenyu hutsva’ hwaanenge avimbiswa hunozova uranda chaihwo.

[Mufananidzo]

Vapoteri vasiri pamutemo muSpain

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 9]

Uduku Hunotambiswa

Mhuri yaSiri yaigara mumakomo okuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia, uko vabereki vake vairima minda yavo yomupunga. Rimwe zuva mumwe mukadzi akaudza vabereki vake kuti aizokwanisa kumuwanira basa rinobhadhara muguta. Mari yaakavimbiswa inokwana US$2 000 [Z$110 000]—mari yakatowanda kwazvo kuvarimi vomumakomo—yakanga yakaoma kuramba. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi, Siri akazviwana ava kumanikidzirwa kuva pfambi paimba yemahure. Varidzi vomusha wacho vakamuudza kuti, kuti asununguke, aizofanira kuvabhadhara US$8 000 [Z$440 000]. Siri aiva nemakore 15 panguva yacho.

Zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti Siri abhadhare chikwereti ichi. Kurohwa nokubatwa chibharo zvakamuita kuti abvume. Chero bedzi akanga achiri kugona kuvashandira, akanga asingazosunungurwi. Chokwadi chinosuwisa ndechokuti pfambi dzakadaro dzinozopedzisira dzasunungurwa—asi kuti dzingodzokera kumisha yadzo kunofa neAIDS.

Kuita zvakafanana neizvozvo kuri kupfumbira kune dzimwe nyika. Mumwe mushumo wa1999 une musoro unoti International Trafficking in Women to the United States waifungidzira kuti vakadzi nevana vari pakati pe700 000 ne2 000 000 vanopinzwamo zvisiri pamutemo, vakawanda vacho kuti vave pfambi. Vamwe vanganyengedzwa, vamwe vanongobiwa; asi vose zvavo vanomanikidzwa kuita zvavasingadi. Mumwe achiri kuyaruka anobva kuEastern Europe akanunurwa paboka repfambi akataura nezvevakamupamba kuti: “Handina kumbofunga kuti izvi zvaizoitika. Vanhu ava imhuka chaidzo.”

Vamwe vakatorwa mumisasa yevapoteri, umo kuvimbiswa mabasa nemari yakawanda kuEurope kana kuti kuUnited States kusingamborambiki. Kuvakadzi vakawanda kwazvo, kutsvaka upenyu huri nani kwakaita kuti vapedzisire vava kumanikidzirwa chipfambi.

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 10]

Verenga Zvinodiwa Usati Watama Nezvikonzero Zvourombo

Tichifunga nezvemapoka emakoronyera akawanda anobatanidzwa mukupinza vanhu zvisiri pamutemo mudzimwe nyika uye kuoma kwakaita kutama zviri pamutemo kuenda kunyika dzakabudirira, varume navanababa vanofanira kunyatsoongorora mibvunzo inotevera vasati vasarudza.

1. Urombo hwedu hwakakura zvokuti munhu mumwe kana kuti mhuri yose inofanira kuenda kunyika inotambirwa mari yakawanda here?

2. Tichava nechikwereti chakakura sei kuti tiwane mari yokuendesa, uye chikwereti chacho chichabhadharwa sei?

3. Zvinobatsira here kuparadzanisa mhuri nokuda kuwana mari iyo ingasatozombowanikwa? Vanhu vakawanda vanotama zvisiri pamutemo vanowana zvakaoma chaizvo kuti vawane basa rokunyatsoshanda munyika dzakabudirira.

4. Ndinofanira kubvuma nyaya dzinotaurwa nezvemihoro yakakura nemagariro ari nani here? Bhaibheri rinoti “usina mano unotenda mashoko ose; asi wakangwara unongwarira mafambiro ake.”—Zvirevo 14:15.

5. Chii chinonyatsoratidza kuti tinenge tisiri kuzviisa mumaoko emasangano emakoronyera?

6. Kana makoronyera akadaro akaronga rwendo rwacho, ndinonzwisisa here kuti mudzimai wangu—kana kuti mwanasikana wangu—angazozviwana ava kumanikidzwa kushanda sepfambi?

7. Ndinoziva here kuti kana ndikapinda munyika zvisiri pamutemo, ndingatadza kuwana basa rakatsarukana uye ndingadzoserwa kunyika kwangu, ndokurasikirwa nemari yose yandinenge ndakaunganidza ndikashandisa parwendo rwacho?

8. Ndinoda kupinda munyika zvisiri pamutemo kana kuti kuita zvokusatendeseka kuti ndigone kupinda munyika yakapfuma here?—Mateu 22:21; VaHebheru 13:18.

[Mufananidzo/Mepu iri papeji 8, 9]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

Kufamba Kwevapoteri Nevanotama Vachinoshanda Kune Dzimwe Nyika

Nzvimbo dzine vapoteri nevanhu vakatiza misha yavo vakawanda zvikuru

→ Kunonyanya kuenda vanotama vachinoshanda kune dzimwe nyika

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Kwakatorwa Mashoko: The State of the World’s Refugees; The Global Migration Crisis; uye World Refugee Survey 1999.

Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

Mupoteri akatiza musha anomirira kugariswa patsva

[Kwazvakatorwa]

UN PHOTO 186226/M. Grafman