Kudzidzisa—Kuedza Kwaunoita uye Ngozi Dziripo
“Zvakawanda kwazvo zvinotarisirwa pabasa rokudzidzisa, asi vadzidzisi vakazvipira muzvikoro zvedu havawanzorumbidzwa pachena . . . nokuda kwezvavanoedza kuita.”—Ken Eltis, wepaYunivhesiti yeSydney, kuAustralia.
ICHOKWADI kuti iri “basa rinokosha kwazvo,” sokudanwa kwarakaitwa, rinopa zvinetso zvakawanda—kubva pakubhadharwa mari shoma kusvika pazvikoro zvisina kutsarukana; kubva pabasa rokumaka mabhuku akawanda kusvika kuvana vokudzidzisa vakawandisa; kubva pakusaremekedzwa uye kuitirwa chisimba kusvika kuvabereki vasina basa newe. Vamwe vadzidzisi vanobata sei nezvinetso izvi?
Kusaremekedzwa
Takabvunza vadzidzisi vana vomuNew York City pane zvavanoti ndizvo zvinetso zvikuru. Pasina kuziva kuti mumwe akati kudini vose vakati: “Kusaremekedzwa.”
Maererano naWilliam, wokuKenya, zvinhu zvachinjawo panhau iyi muAfrica. Akati: “Tsika dzevana dziri kupera. Pandakanga ndichikura [ave nemakore okuma40], vadzidzisi vaiva vamwe vevanhu vanoremekedzwa zvikuru mumagariro evanhu vomuAfrica. Nguva dzose mudzidzisi aionekwa nevaduku nevakuru somunhu wokutevedzera. Kuremekedzwa uku kuri kupera. Tsika dzokumadokero dziri kupesvedzera vechiduku zvishoma nezvishoma, kunyange mumisha yomuAfrica. Mabhaisikopu, mavhidhiyo, nemabhuku zvinoratidza kuti kusaremekedza vanhu vane chiremera ndihwo ugamba.”
Giuliano, anodzidzisa muItaly, anodembatemba kuti: “Vana vanokanganiswa nokuda kupandukira, kusazviisa pasi, uye kusateerera kunongowanikwa munzanga yose.”
Zvinodhaka uye Chisimba
Zvinosuruvarisa kutaura kuti zvinodhaka zvazova chinetso muzvikoro—zvokuti mudzidzisi nomunyori womuUnited States, LouAnne Johnson akanyora kuti: “Kudzivirira kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka urongwa hwedzidzo hwechinenge chikoro chose, kutangira kukireshi. [Tisu tatsveyamisa mabhii.] Vana vanoziva zvakawanda nezvezvinodhaka . . . kupfuura zvinoitwa nevakura vakawanda.” Anowedzera kuti: “Vana vanonzwa vasina chivimbo, vasingadiwi, vachisurukirwa, vafinhwa, kana kuti vasina kuchengeteka vane mukana mukuru wokuedza kushandisa zvinodhaka.”—Two Parts Textbook, One Part Love.
Ken, mudzidzisi womuAustralia, akabvunza kuti: “Vadzidzisi vedu vangadzidzisa sei mwana ane makore mapfumbamwe akadzidziswa kushandisa zvinodhaka nevabereki vake, uye iye zvino apindwa muropa?” Michael, ave kumakore okuma30, anodzidzisa pane chimwe chikoro muGermany. Anonyora kuti: “Kana zviri zvokutengesa nokushandisa zvinodhaka, tinoziva kuti izvi zvinoitika; asi kazhinji hazvionekwi.” Anotaurawo nezvokushayika kwetsika uye anoti “kunooneka mukuparadzwa kwezvinhu kunogara kuchida kuitwa nevana,” achiwedzera kuti: “Matafura nemadziro zvinonyorwa-nyorwa, uye midziyo inopwanywa. Vamwe vevana vandinodzidzisa vakambosungwa nemapurisa vapaza zvitoro kana kupara dzimwewo mhosva. Ndokusaka zvisingashamisi kuti kubiwa kwezvinhu pachikoro kwanyanya!”
Amira anodzidzisa muGuanajuato State, muMexico. Anobvuma kuti: “Tinosangana nezvinetso zvevana vanokanganiswa zvakananga nevanoita chisimba uye vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka vari mumhuri mavo. Vakanyura mumamiriro ezvinhu avanodzidza mutauro wakaora nezvimwe zvakaipa. Chimwe chinetso chikuru urombo. Kunyange zvazvo kuno kuchidzidzwa pachena, vabereki vanofanira kutenga mabhuku, penzura, nezvimwe zvinhu. Asi zvokudya zvinofanira kuva pokutanga.”
Zvakadini Nepfuti Muzvikoro?
MuUnited States, zviitiko zvokupfurana pazvikoro zvakaratidza kuti chisimba chokushandisa pfuti hachisi chinetso chiduku munyika iyoyo. Mumwe mushumo unoti: “Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pfuti 135 000 dzinoendwa nadzo kuzvikoro zvoruzhinji zvinokwana 87 125 zvenyika iyoyo zuva roga roga. Kuitira kuderedza kuwanda kwepfuti dzinounzwa muzvikoro, vakuru vakuru vave kushandisa michina inobata zvinhu zvesimbi, makamera okuona zviri kuitika, imbwa dzakarovedzwa kuti dzifembedze pane pfuti, kutsvaka munoiswa zvinhu nevana, zvitupa zvinoratidza kuti ndiwe ani, uye kurambidza kuuya nemabhegi emabhuku kuzvikoro.” (Teaching in America) Matanho okuchengetedza akadaro anoita kuti munhu abvunze kuti, Zvatiri kutaura izvi zvikoro here kana kuti atova majeri? Mushumo wacho unoratidza kuti vana vanokwana 6 000 vakadzingwa nemhaka yokuenda kuchikoro vaine pfuti!
Iris, mudzidzisi muNew York City, akaudza Mukai! kuti: “Vana vanoverevedza zvombo muzvikoro. Michina yokuzvibata haiiti kuti zvisapinda. Kuparadza zvinhu muzvikoro chimwe chinetso chikuru.”
Mumamiriro ezvinhu emvongamvonga akadai, vadzidzisi vane hana yakanaka vanotamburira kupinza dzidzo netsika muvana. Ndosaka zvisingashamisi kuti vadzidzisi vakawanda vanotambura nokuora mwoyo uye kurukutika. Rolf Busch, mukuru weTeachers’ Association muThuringia, kuGermany, akati: “Vanoda kuva chikamu chimwe muzvitatu vevadzidzisi miriyoni muGermany vanorwara nemhaka yokuneta mupfungwa. Vanonzwa varukutika pabasa.”
Vana Vanova Nevana
Chimwe chinetso chikuru ndechevachiri kuyaruka vave kuita zvepabonde. George S. Morrison, munyori webhuku rinonzi Teaching in America, anotaura nezvenyika iyoyo kuti “Vachiri kuyaruka vanosvika miriyoni (zvikamu 11 kubva muzana zvevasikana vane makore anobva pa15 kusvika pa19) vanobata pamuviri gore negore.” United States ine vachiri kuyaruka vanobata pamuviri vakawanda panyika dzose dzakabudirira.
Iris akatsinhira mamiriro ezvinhu aya achiti: “Zvinotaurwa nevachiri kuyaruka ndezvepabonde zvoga zvoga uye kuita mapati. Vava kupengeswa. Uye funga kuti tave nemakombiyuta ane Indaneti muzvikoro! Izvi zvinoreva kuti vana vanoswera vane mapoka okukurukurirana nokuona zvinonyadzisira.” Angel, wokuMadrid, kuSpain, akashuma kuti: “Kusasarura pakurara nevanhu chinhu chinowanikwa muupenyu pavadzidzi. Tave tine zviitiko zvevadzidzi vaduku zvikuru vanobata pamuviri.”
“Vanorera Vana Vanoremekedzwa”
Chimwe chinonyunyutwa nevamwe vadzidzisi ndechokuti vabereki vakawanda havaiti mutoro wavo wokudzidzisa vana kumba. Vadzidzisi vanofunga kuti vabereki ndivo vanofanira kutanga kudzidzisa vana vavo. Tsika dzakanaka dzinofanira kutangira kumba. Ndosaka zvisingashamisi kuti Sandra Feldman, mukuru weAmerican Federation of Teachers, anoti “vadzidzisi . . . vanofanira kubatwa sedzimwe nyanzvi kwete sevanhu vanorera vana vanoremekedzwa.”
Kakawanda vabereki vanotadza kutsigira chirango chinopiwa kuchikoro. Leemarys, ane mashoko ataurwa kwokutanga kwenyaya ino, akaudza Mukai! kuti: “Kana ukamhan’arira vana vane misikanzwa kumukuru wechikoro, chinhu chaunoziva kuti chichatevera ndechokuti vabereki vacho vari kuuya kuzokurwisa!” Busch, ane mashoko ambotaurwa, achitaura nezvokubata nevana vanonetsa akati: “Kurayirwa mumhuri kwava kupera. Hazvingamboiti kufunga kuti vana vakawanda vanobva mumhuri dzavanorerwa zvakanaka.” Estela, wokuMendoza, kuArgentina, akati: “Isu vadzidzisi tinotya vana vechikoro. Kana tikavapa mamakisi mashoma, vanotitema nematombo kana kutirwisa. Kana tine motokari, vanoipwanya.”
Saka zvingashamisa here kuti munyika dzakawanda munoperevedza vadzidzisi? Vartan Gregorian, mukuru weCarnegie Corporation of New York, akanyevera kuti: “Zvikoro zvedu [zvomuUnited States] zvichada vadzidzisi vatsva vanokwana mamiriyoni 2,5 mumakore gumi anotevera.” Maguta makuru “ari mubishi kutsvaka vadzidzisi kubva kuIndia, West Indies, South Africa, Europe uye kumwe kwose kunogona kuwanikwa vadzidzisi vakanaka.” Chokwadi izvi zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo idzodzo dzichatamburawo nokushaya vadzidzisi.
Nei Vadzidzisi Vachiperevedza?
Yoshinori, mudzidzisi wokuJapan ane makore 32 achidzidzisa, akati “kudzidzisa ibasa rakakwirira rine kurudziro yakanaka, uye rinoremekedzwa kwazvo nevanhu vomuJapan.” Hazvifadzi kuti izvi handizvo zvazviri munyika dzose. Gregorian, ane mashoko ambotaurwa, akataurawo kuti vadzidzisi “havaremekedzwi, havatomboonekwi sevaripo uye kubhadharwa sevanhu vanoziva basa. . . . Kudzidzisa munzvimbo dzakawanda [muUnited States] kunobhadharwa mari shoma pane mamwe mabasa anoda munhu ane madhigirii maviri kana rimwe chete.”
Ken Eltis, ane mashoko ataurwa kwokutanga, akanyora kuti: “Vadzidzisi vanoita sei pavanoona mabasa akawanda anoda zvitupa zvedzidzo zvakaderera achibhadhara kupfuura basa rokudzidzisa? Kana kuti vana vechikoro vavakadzidzisa mwedzi gumi nemiviri yapfuura . . . vave kuwana mari yakawanda kupfuura yavanowana iye zvino kana kuti vanenge vave kutoiwana mumakore mashanu anotevera? Kuziva izvozvo kunofanira kuita kuti mudzidzisi afunge nezvokukosha kwake pachake.”
William Ayers akanyora kuti: “Vadzidzisi vanobhadharwa mari shoma chaizvo . . . Paavhareji tinowana chidimbu chimwe muzvina pane inowanikwa nemagweta, hafu yeinowanikwa nevanoita akaunzi, shoma pane yevanotyaira marori uye vanoshanda panogadzirwa ngarava. . . . Hapana rimwe basa rinoda kuita zvinhu zvakawanda kudaro uye richibhadharwa mari shoma kudaro.” (To Teach—The Journey of a Teacher) Panyaya imwe chete iyoyo, Janeto Reno, aimbova muchuchisi mukuru wenyika muUnited States, muna November 2000 akati: “Tinogona kutumira vanhu kumwedzi. . . . Tinobhadhara vanhu vedu vemitambo mazimari. Ko nei tisingabhadhari vadzidzisi vedu mari kwayo?”
“Vadzidzisi vakawanda vanobhadharwa mari shoma,” akadaro Leemarys. “Nokudzidza kwose kwandakaita, ndichiri kuwana kamari kashoma pagore kuno kuNew York City, nezvose zvinonetsa nokuoma kwakaita zvinhu mumaguta makuru.” Valentina, mudzidzisi muSt. Petersburg, kuRussia, akati: “Basa romudzidzisi harimbokosheswi kana tave kutaura nezvokubhadharwa mari. Mari yacho yakangogara iri shoma pane yakatarwa kuti inofanira kubhadharwa mushandi wokupedzisira.” Marlene, wokuChubut, kuArgentina, anotaura zvimwe chete izvozvo achiti: “Mari shoma inotiita kuti tishande kunzvimbo mbiri kana nhatu, tichienda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinoderedza kuita kwedu basa nemazvo.” Arthur, mudzidzisi womuNairobi, kuKenya, akaudza Mukai! kuti: “Nokuderera kuri kuita upfumi, upenyu hwangu somudzidzisi hahusi kumbova nyore. Sokubvuma kungaita vamwe vangu vakawanda, kubhadharwa mari shoma kwagara kuchiita kuti vanhu vasapinda mubasa redu.”
Diana, mudzidzisi wokuNew York City akadembatemba nezvebasa rokumaka mabhuku rinobata vadzidzisi kwemaawa akawanda. Kumwe kuchema-chema kwaiwanikwa kwose kwose ndekwokuti: “Pane basa rokunyora-nyora rakawanda kwazvo—muswere wose wezuva.”
Vadzidzisi Vashoma, Vana Vechikoro Vakawandisa
Berthold, womuDüren, kuGermany, akataura nezvokumwe kutsutsumwa kwenguva dzose achiti: “Vana vokudzidzisa vakawandisa! Vamwe kuno vane vana vanosvika 34. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hatigoni kunyatsotarisira vana vane zvinetso. Vanongotambura pasina anovabatsira. Zvinodiwa nomunhu zvinoregeredzwa.”
Leemarys, ane mashoko ambotaurwa, akatsanangura kuti: “Gore rakapera chinetso changu chikuru, kunze kwevabereki vasina basa neni, ndechokuti ndakanga ndine vana vokudzidzisa 35 mukirasi yangu. Chimbofunga uchiedza kushanda nevana 35 vane makore matanhatu!”
Iris akati: “Kuno kuNew York kune kuperevedza kwevadzidzisi, zvikurukuru vemasvomhu nevesayenzi. Vanogona kuwana mabasa ari nani kumwewo. Nokudaro guta racho rakahaya vadzidzisi vakawanda vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.”
Chokwadi ndechokuti basa rokudzidzisa rinoda kushanda nesimba kwakanyanya. Saka zvino chii chinoita kuti vadzidzisi varambe vachikurudzirwa? Nei vachipfuurira uye vachitsungirira? Nyaya yedu yokupedzisira ichakurukura mibvunzo iyoyi.
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 9]
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pfuti 135 000 dzinoendwa nadzo kuzvikoro zvomuUnited States zuva roga roga
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo iri papeji 10]
Chii Chinoita Kuti Mudzidzisi Abudirire?
Unoti mudzidzisi akanaka ndeakaita sei? Munhu anokudziridza pfungwa dzemwana zvokuti anogona kuziva nomusoro zvinhu uye kukunda bvunzo here? Kana kuti munhu anodzidzisa munhu kubvunza mubvunzo, kufunga, uye kurangarira here? Anobatsira mwana kuva munhu ari nani munyika here?
“Kana isu vadzidzisi tikaziva kuti tiri pamwe nevadzidzi vedu murwendo rwoupenyu rurefu uye rwakaoma, patinotanga kuvabata norukudzo noruremekedzo zvakavakodzera sevanhu, ipapo tinenge tiri mumugwagwa wokuva vadzidzisi vanokosha. Zviri nyore uye zvakaoma panguva imwe chete.”—To Teach—The Journey of a Teacher.
Mudzidzisi akanaka anoona zvinhu zvinogonekwa nomudzidzi mumwe nomumwe uye anoziva kuti angaita sei kuti izvozvo zvibudirire. William Ayers akati: “Tinofanira kutsvaka nzira iri nani, nzira inovaka zvatinogona, zvatinosangana nazvo, unyanzvi hwedu, uye mano edu. . . . Ndinoyeuka nezvechikumbiro chomumwe mubereki ari chizvarwa chomuAmerica ane mwanakomana wake ane makore mashanu akanzi ‘idofo’: ‘Wind-Wolf anoziva mazita uye maitiro okutama eshiri dzinopfuura makumi mana. Anoziva kuti besu regondo rine minhenga gumi nemitatu. Waanoda mudzidzisi anoziva zvaanogona.’”
Kuti mudzidzisi abudirire pakudzidzisa mwana oga oga, anofanira kuona zvinofadza kana kukurudzira mwana uye zvinomuita kuti afunge nokuita zvimwe zvinhu. Uye mudzidzisi akazvipira anofanira kuda vana.
[Kwazvakatorwa]
United Nations/Mufananidzo naSaw Lwin
[Bhokisi riri papeji 11]
Kudzidza Kunofanira Kuva Kutamba Nguva Dzose Here?
Mudzidzisi William Ayers akanyora zvinhu gumi zvisiri zvechokwadi pamusoro pokudzidzisa. Chimwe chacho ndechokuti: “Vadzidzisi vakanaka vanoita kuti kudzidza kuitwe somuri kutamba.” Anopfuurira kuti: “Kutamba kunokanganisa, kunovaraidza. Nyambo dzinogona kunakidza. Majee anogona kunakidza. Kudzidza kunogona kuva kunoshamisa, kunovhiringidza, uye kakawanda kunonakidza kwazvo. Kana kuchiitwa sokutamba, kwakanaka. Asi hakufaniri kuva kutamba.” Anowedzera kuti: “Kudzidzisa kunoda ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana, mano, unyanzvi, uchenjeri, uye kunzwisisa—uye kunoda munhu anorangarira, ane hanya.”—To Teach—The Journey of a Teacher.
Sumio, womuNagoya City, muJapan, anowana chinetso ichi pavana vaanodzidzisa: “Vadzidzi vakawanda vari muzvikoro zvesekondari hapana chavanofarira kunze kwokutamba uye kuda kuita zvisingadi kushanda nesimba.”
Rosa, anopa mazano kuvana vechikoro womuBrooklyn, muNew York, akati: “Vana vechikoro vanongofunga kuti kudzidza kunofinha. Mudzidzisi anofinha. Vanofunga kuti chinhu chose chinofanira kuva chinonakidza. Vanotadza kuziva kuti zvaunokohwa mukudzidza ndizvo zvaunenge wakadyara.”
Kuda kutamba kunoita kuti zviomere vechiduku kushanda nesimba uye kuzvipira. Sumio, ane mashoko ataurwa pamusoro apa, akati: “Chinonyanyooneka ndechokuti havaiti zvinhu vachifunga remangwana. Pane vadzidzi vashoma kwazvo vomuzvikoro zvesekondari vanofunga kuti kana vakashandira chimwe chinhu zvakasimba iye zvino, zvichazovanakira mune remangwana.”
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]
DIANA, U.S.A.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]
‘Kushandisa zvinodhaka kwakapararira asi kazhinji hakuonekwi.’—MICHAEL, GERMANY
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 8, 9]
“Tinosangana nezvinetso zvechisimba uye kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka mumhuri.”—AMIRA, MEXICO
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 9]
“Vadzidzisi . . . vanofanira kubatwa sedzimwe nyanzvi kwete sevanhu vanorera vana vanoremekedzwa.”—SANDRA FELDMAN, PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS