Chido Chokufamba Nendege Zvakanaka

PAAKAPEDZISIRA kufamba nendege musi waSeptember 11, 2001 usati wasvika, Alex akanga asisiri kutya kukwira ndege. Sezvo ndege huru yaakanga akwira yakabva panhandare muAthens yakananga kuBoston, maneja uyu aiva nemakore 42 akatanga kutya—hana yakanga yava chigayo uye huma nezvanza zvakatanga kubuda dikita.

Asi aiziva zvaaifanira kuita. Chiremba akanga achiedza kumubatsira kuti akunde kutya kwake kukwira ndege akanga amuudza kuti afeme zvakadzika, avhare maziso ake achifunga nzvimbo dzinoyevedza, oramba akabata chigaro zvakasimba kanokwana kana paminiti yoga yoga. Apo kusagadzikana uye ruzha zvakanga zvava kuda kumukunda, Alex akafungidzira ari kugungwa kwakanyarara. “Ndakaona kuti ndakanga ndava kubudirira,” akadaro Alex.

Mamiriyoni evanhu vanofamba nendege vakambotya kukwira ndege. Mumakore achangobva kudarika vazhinji vakaenda kuzvikoro zvinodzidzisa kukunda kutya kukwira ndege, kakawanda kacho vanyengetedzwa nemhuri dzavo, vavanoshandira, varidzi vendege, vose vaine vavariro yokuita kuti vakwire ndege. Kuvanhu vazhinji vanokwira ndege, zvidzidzo izvi zvakabatsira, makiriniki akawanda akataura kuti akabudirira zvinoda kusvika 90 kubva muzana.

Asi musi waSeptember 11, 2001 wakachinja zvose izvi. Alex akabva asiya chikoro chaaipinda ipapo. Uye zvichirwadza waanoshandira, akabva aramba kuenda nendege kunoonana nomumwe munhu maererano nebasa. “Kutya kwandinoita kukwira ndege zvasangana nokurwisa kwemagandanga,” akadaro Alex, “ndizvo zvakandikunda. Hapana zvakaita kuti ndikwanise kuzvikurira.”

Kuchengeteka Kuri Kunyatsoongororwa

Vanhu vanokwira ndege vachitya vanotaurawo kuti mibvunzo inobvunzwa nguva dzose kuvanoda kukwira ndege yakanga yabvunzwa magandanga omusi waSeptember 11, 2001, yakadai seyokuti: “Pane munhu wausingazivi akukumbira kukwira ndege ino nechimwe chinhu here? Pane chimwe chinhu pane zvaunazvo chawambosiya chiri choga kubva zvawarongedza zvinhu zvako here?” Zviri pachena kuti magandanga aye akapindura mhinduro iyi inopiwa nevanhu vakawanda yokuti: “Kwete!” Vamwe vanamazvikokota munyaya dzokurinda vanoti izvi zvinoratidza kuti pane pakaita zinyeke-nyeke pakufamba nendege. “Hapana munhu kana chinhu chaikwanisa kumanikidza kuti zvinhu zvichinje,” akadaro Jim McKenna, aimbova mukuru weAviation Safety Alliance. “Tikafunga kuti ndege ina dzakapambwa dzikaparadzwa, zviuru zvichiurayiwa, zvakakwana kuti tide kuchinja zvinhu.”

Pashure pechisakaitwa ichocho, nyaya yokuchengeteka kwenhandare dzose dzendege nendege yava kuongororwa zvakasimba. Pane imwe nyaya yakanga iri kuongororwa neUnited States Congress, mukuru wemapurisa muUnited States Department of Transportation, Kenneth, M. Mead akati: “Pasinei nemitemo yagara iripo uye mitsva maererano nokuchengeteka, pachiri nemaburi anotyisa okutadza kuchengetedza uye mamwe . . . maburi anofanira kuvharwa.” Chii chiri kuitwa kuvhara maburi iwayo?

Kuongorora Vanhu Vangaparira Njodzi

Apo mukuru wevachengetedzi pane imwe nhandare yendege muUnited States anobvunzwa kuti anotya here kufamba nendege, anopindura pasina kunonoka kuti: “Kwete, ndinovimba neCAPS.” Ari kutaura nezvekuongorora kunonzi Computer Assisted Passenger Screening, kunonyora tikiti rimwe nerimwe rinotengeswa nevaridzi vendege. Kuongorora uku kunoratidza kana tikiti rakatengwa kubva kuhofisi yematikiti endege, kubva kumakambani anotengesa matikiti endege, kana paIndaneti. Inonyora mamwe mashoko akadai sookuti munhu uyu ari kufamba oga here, nemhuri kana kuti nedzimwe shamwari, nemamwe mashoko akadai sokuti ane mukurumbira wokuva tsotsi here kana kuti kusaremekedza varidzi vendege, vashandi vavo, kana zvinhu zvavo.

Nguva imwe neimwe apo munhu anosvika achida kukwira ndege panhandare, mashoko aya anoongororwa, uyewo mapindurire omunhu wacho paanenge achibvunzwa. Mashoko chaiwo anenge awanika uye aunganidzwa anenge ari ekambani idzi chete. Dzimwe nzira dzokuongorora dzakafanana neCAPS dzinoshandiswa pasi pose, dzimwe dzakabatana zvakananga nehurumende uye mamwe masangano echipurisa akadai seInterpol. Panhandare dzendege zhinji muEurope, michina inoongorora mapasipoti inokwanisa kunyora uye kuchengeta nhoroondo yomunhu yokukwira ndege uye yokufamba kwake kubva muimwe nyika nokupinda muimwe.

Izvi zvinoitwa zvichifungidzirwa kuti munhu ane pfungwa dzakaipa ane ngozi kudarika zvinhu zvaangatakura paanokwira ndege. Naizvozvo, kuti panhandare yendege pawedzere kuchengeteka, michina yakasiyana-siyana inoona tunhu tuduku yave kutanga kushandiswa kana kuti ichashandiswa.

Kunze kwokuongorora vanokwira ndege, kuda kudzivisa zvinhu zvine ngozi kuti zvisapinda mundege ndeimwe nyaya inokosha iri kutariswa nevanochengetedza panhandare. Kuongorora kunoitwa pachishandiswa michina yeX-ray kune zvimwe zvakusingakwanisi kuratidza. Vanochengeta panhandare dzendege zvinovaomera kuramba vakangwarira kwenguva refu nemhaka yokuramba vakatarisa pamasikirini emichina inenge ichiongorora zvinhu. Panguva imwe chete, michina iyi inoramba ichirira ipo pasina chiripo, nemhaka yezvinhu zvakadai semakiyi, mari dzesimbi, uye simbi dzemabhande emabhurukwa.

Mitemo Yakaomarara

Kuti zvikanganiso izvi zvigadziriswe, hurumende dzakadzika mitemo inoita kuti panhandare yendege pawedzere kuchengeteka. MuUnited States, mitemo yokuda kuziva muridzi wezvinhu zvose, kuongorora zvinhu zvose zvinokwira nomunhu mundege, uye kuongorora zvinhu zvose kuti hapana zvinhu zvinoputika here ichange yava kushanda panozopera gore ra2002. Mikova yevatekenyi vendege iri kusimbiswa uye kuwedzerwa dzimwe kiyi. Vamwe vashandi vomundege vari kudzidziswa zvokuita kana pamuka ngozi. Uye vashandi vanoona zvokuita kana zvinhu zvashata vakaiswa mundege dzinotakura vanhu.

Mumavhiki uye mwedzi yakatevera musi waSeptember 11, 2001, vafambi vakasechwa nemaoko uye mabhegi aisechwa panhandare dzakawanda pasi pose. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vamwe vafambi nezvinhu zvavo vaisechwa zvekare. Kungwarira kwakadai kwava kuitwa kuvafambi kuEurope, avo vakaona izvi zvichiitwa muma1970, apo kupamba ndege kwakanga kwanyanya. Vanhu vava kurambidzwa kukwira ndege nezvinhu zvakapinza. Vanhu vane matikiti chete ndivo vava kubvumirwa kudarika mikova inoongorora vanhu. Vazhinji vatojaira kumira mumitsetse kwenguva refu vachisechwa uku paine mapurisa anenge aine pfuti panhandare dzendege.

Kuongorora Nokugadzirisa Ndege Kwava Kunyanya Kukosha

Fungidzira zvinotevera zvichiitika: Pashure pokunge apedza kupinda nepanzvimbo dzose dzinoongororwa vanhu, mufambi pakupedzisira anosvika pagedhi, achimirira kunzwa munhu ava kudaidzira kuti vachikwira ndege. “Mazvinzwa here?” anodaro mumwe mufambi akapfeka sutu pfumbu ari pedyo naye. “Hanzi pane chimwe chinhu chiri kuda kumbogadzirwa pandege, saka ichanonoka kusimuka.” Anofambisa meso ake oti: “Ndinovimba havasi kuzotirega tichienda nendege isina injini!”

Zvisingazivikanwi nevanhu vakawanda vanofamba nendege ndezvokuti makambani endege anoongorora ndege dzawo chaizvo. Zvinoda kugadzirwa zvinoonekwa kubva mubhuku rendege imwe neimwe. Chokwadi, makambani akadaro anoda kuti injini dzawo dzigare dzichiongororwa—kakawanda kudarika zvinoitwa injini yemotokari—kunyange kana ndege yacho isina kumboita chinetso.

Mumwe mukuru anoona nezvokugadziriswa kwendege pane imwe kambani huru anokwanisa kutsigira izvi. “Mumakore anoda kusvika 15 andave ndichiita basa iri,” anodaro, “handisati ndamboona, kutaura nomumwe, kana kuona mumwe anoshanda pakuongorora nokugadzirisa ndege akanga asina basa nokuchengeteka. Chiripo ndechokuti shamwari uye mhuri dzevanhu vanoshanda mundege dzinofambawo nendege, saka havatambi nebasa.”

Mutoro mukuru unenge uri pavashandi vanoongorora ndokugadzirisa ndege nemainjiniya avo. Mumwe wavo anoyeuka kuti: “Handifi ndakakanganwa usiku hwatakarasikirwa nendege yorudzi rweDC-10 muSioux City, Iowa. Ndakanga ndiri injiniya panguva iyoyo, uye basa rangu rakanga riri rokuona kana zvidzoreso zveimwe ndege yorudzi irworwo zvaishanda. Panguva iyi, takanga tisina mashoko akawanda kuti chii chakanga chaitika kundege yakanga yadonha. Ndichiri kuyeuka kunyatsoita basa kwandakaita usiku ihwohwo, ndichiti, ‘Chii chaitika kundege iyoyo? Pane munhu akanganwa chimwe chinhu here chandingawana iye zvino kwava kudzivisa kuitika kwenjodzi yakadaro zvekare? Ndakanga ndiri kuita zvose nomazvo sezvandaifanira kuita here? Ndakapedza nguva huru ndiri mundege usiku ihwohwo, ndichitarisa uye kufunga.”

Vagadziri vendege vanogara vachidzidziswa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvebasa ravo, kubvira kuzvinhu zvemazuva ose kusvikira pane zvine chokuita nokuongorora zvinhu zvinonetsa nokuzvigadzirisa. Makosi okudzidzisa vashandi ava anogara achivandudzwa gore rimwe nerimwe kuti akwanise kudzidzisa zvinhu zvitsva zvinenge zvichimuka, kubva kune zvinogara zvichiitika kusvika kune zvisingambofungidziriki.

Pashure petsaona yendege, mashoko anenge aunganidzwa anoongororwa oshandiswa pane imwe yokudzidzira nayo. Vatekenyi vendege dzinenge dzichangobva kugadzirwa nemainjiniya vanobhururuka nendege iyi kuti vaone kuti ndezvipi zvimwe zvingaitwa zvokuti vashandi vanozokwanisa kugadzirisa dambudziko iri kana rikamuka zvekare pane imwe ndege. Zvadaro, chirongwa chokurovedza chakanangana neizvi chinorongerwa vashandi kuti vakwanise kupiwa mirayiridzo chaiyo. Ongororo dzakaita seidzi dzinoita kuti zvimwe zvinhu pandege zvichinjwe nokugadziriswa, paine tarisiro yokuti kukanganisa kwakadaro kunokwanisa kudzidzisa zvokuti kashoma kuti zvizoitika zvekare.

Mumwe anoshanda basa rokugadzirisa zvinenge zvafa anoti: “Tinoudzwa kuti ‘kuchengeteka hakuerekani kwaitika—kunofanira kurongwa kuti kuvepo.’”

Kukwira Ndege Zvekare

Pashure pemwedzi mina yaakanga azvipa oga kuti haadi kukwira ndege zvekare, Alex akasarudza kuti yakanga yava nguva yokuti akunde kutya kwake. Kuvapo kwemapurisa uye varindi paLogan International Airport yomuBoston kwakaita sokusina kumukanganisa. Mitsetse mirefu yevanhu vakanga vachida kukwira ndege uye kusechwa kwezvinhu zvake hakuna kumbomutsamwisa.

Kuna Alex, izvi zvakanga zviri zviratidzo zvokuti vanhu vakanga vari kuedza chaizvo kuita kuti tsaona dzendege dzive shoma. Kunyange zvakadaro, pachiri nekahana kari kurova uye tudikita turi kuyerera kumusana. Zvisinei, sezvo Alex anokweva katundu kake achiisa pamuchina wokuongorora, anoti: “Iye zvino ndave nani zvikuru.”

[Bhokisi riri papeji 5]

Chokwadi Maererano Nokufamba Nendege

Maererano nokufungidzira, munhu mumwe chete pavashanu voga voga anotya kukwira ndege. Zvisinei, havasi vanhu vose ava vanofunga kuti kukwira ndege kune ngozi. Kazhinji kacho, kutya uku kunokonzerwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sokutya kukwira mudenga kana kuti kuva pane vanhu vakawandisa.

[Chati iri papeji 8]

MUKANA UPI WOKUTI TSAONA YAKAIPISISA INGANGOITIKA?

Motokari 6 212 81

Kupondwa 15 104 197

Michina 265 000 3 500

Kudonha nendege 390 000 5 100

Kunyura mubhavhu rokugezera 802 000 10 500

Mhuka dzine uturu, miti mamiriyoni 4,2 55 900

Mheni mamiriyoni 4,3 56 000

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Kubva ku: National Safety Council

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 6]

Kuchengetedza kwakawedzera panhandare dzendege

[Kwazvakatorwa]

AP Photo/Joel Page

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

Kuongorora vafambi uye kuongorora zvinhu zvavo

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

Kuongorora nokugadzirisa zvinenge zvafa kwakawedzerwa

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]

Vatekenyi vendege inyanzvi dzakadzidzira basa radzo nomazvo