Nei Kune Mhosva Dzechisimba Dzakawanda Kwazvo Zvino?

MHOSVA dzose dzakaipa. Asi mhosva dzinoitwa pasina chinangwa dzakaoma kunzwisisa. Pfungwa yokuti dzinowanzoitwa pasina vavariro chaiyo inotemesa misoro yevaongorori. Nokukurumidza kufambiswa kwemashoko kwakaitika mumakore achangodarika, mhosva dzinotyisa dzakadaro dzinosvika kumamiriyoni, kana kuti kunyange kumabhiriyoni, mumaawa mashomanana. Mushumo wakabudiswa neWorld Health Organization unoti “chisimba hachina nyika yachinosiya, uye chirimo munzanga dzakawanda.”

Kunyange nyika dziya dzaionekwa sedzakati chengetekei mumakore adarika iye zvino dzakava nezviito zvakawanda zvisina vavariro chaiyo zvechisimba. Somuenzaniso, muJapan zvechisimba zvakanga zvagara zvichiitwa pamwero wakati dererei. Zvisinei, muna June 2001, muIkeda, mumwe murume akanga akatakura banga rokuchekesa nyama akasvika pachikoro ndokutanga kubaya uye kucheka vana. Mumaminitsi 15 chete akanga auraya vana vasere uye akuvadza vamwe 15. Izvi pazvinowedzerwa kumimwe mishumo yokuJapan, yakadai seiya yevanhu vechiduku vaiuraya vanhu vavakanga vasingatombozivi vachiitira kungonakidzwa, munhu anobva aona zvakajeka kuti zvinhu zvachinja.

Kunyange munyika dzine chisimba chinoitwa pamwero mukuru, zvimwe zviito zvisina vavariro chaiyo zvakakonzera kusema vamwe vanhu. Izvi zvakava zvechokwadi pashure pokurwiswa kweWorld Trade Center muNew York musi waSeptember 11, 2001. Chiremba wepfungwa Gerard Bailes akataura mashoko aya: “Zvachinja nyika kuiita seimwe nzvimbo yatisingazivi, nzvimbo ine ngozi yatisingagoni kufanoziva kuti chii chichaitika.”

Nei Vachizviita?

Hapana chikonzero chimwe chete chinotsanangura zviito zvose zvakasiyana-siyana zvechisimba zvoupengo. Chinoita kuti dzimwe mhosva dzive dzakaoma zvikuru kunzwisisa ndechokuti dzinoitwa pasina chinangwa chaicho. Somuenzaniso, zvakaoma kunzwisisa kuti nei munhu achingosvika pavanhu vaasingatombozivi ovabaya kusvikira vafa kana kuti nei mumwe munhu achingosvika pamusha otanga kupfura chero munhu.

Vamwe vanoti vanhu vanongoberekwa vachida zvechisimba. Vamwe vanoti mhosva dzinoitwa pasina chinangwa hadzitsananguriki sezvakangoita unhu hwedu husinganzvengeki.—Ona bhokisi rinoti “Takangosikwa Tiri Vechisimba Here?”

Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinodavira kuti pane zvinhu nemamiriro ezvinhu akawanda anoita kuti vanhu vade kuita zviito zvechisimba pasina chinangwa chaicho. Mumwe mushumo wakabudiswa neFBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) Academy muUnited States unotosvika pakuti: “Kuponda hakuitwi nomunhu kwaye, ane pfungwa dzakakwana.” Zvimwe zviremera zvingasabvumirana nemashoko akashandiswa ipapa. Asi, vakawanda vanobvumirana nezvaari kuda kureva. Nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, mafungiro evaya vanopara mhosva pasina chinangwa chaicho anenge asina kuti twasu. Chimwe chinhu chakakanganisa mafungiro avo zvokuti vanosvika pakuita zvinhu zvisingafungidziriki. Zvinhui zvinokonzera kuti vanhu vaite zvinhu zvakadaro? Ngatimbotarisa zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvakataurwa nenyanzvi zvingakonzera.

Kuparara Kwoupenyu Hwemhuri

Marianito Panganiban, mumwe mutauriri weNational Bureau of Investigation kuPhilippines, akabvunzwa nomunyori weMukai! nezvekunenge kwakurira vaya vanopara mhosva dzakaipisisa. Akati: “Vanobva mumhuri dzakaparara. Vanoshayiwa tarisiro uye rudo. Pane kuparara kwounhu hwevanhu mupfungwa yokuti vanoshayiwa nhungamiro uye vanobva varasika.” Vanzveri vakawanda vanotaura kuti mhuri dzine ukama husina kusimba uye mhuri dzine chisimba ndidzo dzinobva vapari vakawanda vemhosva vane utsinye.

National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime yokuUnited States yakabudisa mushumo wairatidza zvinhu zvinogona kufanoratidza pwere dzingaita zvechisimba kusvika pakuuraya pachikoro. Zvinhu zvinotevera zvaiva nechokuita nemhuri dzacho zvaibatanidza: ukama husina kudzikama hwomubereki nomwana, vabereki vasingagoni kuziva zvinetso zvemwana wavo, kusava pedyo nepedyo, vabereki vanoudza zvishoma kana kuti vasingaudzi mwana paanofanira kugumira pakuzvibata kwake, uye vana vanoita zvinhu nenzira yakavanzika kwazvo, vachirarama vachivanza zvavari, nokudaro vachivanza mamwe mararamiro avo kuvabereki vavo.

Nhasi vana vakawanda vanobva mumhuri inenge yaparara. Vamwe vane vabereki vasingavawaniri nguva. Zviuru zvevaduku zvakakurira mumhuri dzisina nhungamiro yakakwana yetsika. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro angaita kuti vana vasave noukama huri nani nevamwe, saka zvova nyore kuti vapare mhosva dzokukuvadza vamwe vanhu, kazhinji dzakatoipisisa.

Mapoka Anokurudzira Ruvengo Nezvitendero

Uchapupu hunoratidza kuti mamwe masangano kana kuti mapoka anokurudzira ruvengo kana kuti zvitendero ndiwo ave achikurudzira kwazvo kuparwa kwedzimwe mhosva. MuIndiana, U.S.A., rimwe jaya rechitema raiva nemakore 19 rakanga richienda kumba richibva kuzvitoro. Nguva yakati pava paya, rakanga razvambarara parutivi pomugwagwa bara riri muuropi hwaro. Rakanga rapfurwa nerimwe jaya raida kungouraya chero munhu. Nei? Akauraya wacho aida kuva nhengo yerimwe sangano rinokoshesa varungu uye kuwana nyora dzinoratidza kuti akauraya munhu mutema.

Kurwiswa kwomugwagwa wepasi pevhu wokuTokyo negasi muna 1995; kuurayiwa kwevanhu vazhinji muJonestown, Guyana; uye nzufu dzokuSwitzerland, Canada, nokuFrance dzenhengo 69 dzeOrder of the Solar Temple dzose dzakakurudzirwa nemapoka ezvitendero. Mienzaniso iyi inoratidza kuti mamwe mapoka akava nesimba rakakura sei rokukanganisa mafungiro evamwe vanhu. Vamwe vatungamiriri vanoita kuti vanhu vaite zvimwe zvinhu “zvisingafungidziriki” nokuvaedza nezvinhu zvavanofunga kuti zvinovabatsira.

Vabudisi Venhau Nechisimba

Vamwe vanoratidza uchapupu hwokuti nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokukurukurirana nadzo dzemazuva ano dzingakurudzira unhu hwoutsinye. Kugaroona chisimba chinoratidzwa paterevhizheni, mumafirimu, mumavhidhiyo emitambo, uye paIndaneti zvinonzi kwatindivadza hana uye kunokusvudzira mhosva dzechisimba. Dr. Daniel Borenstein, purezidhendi weAmerican Psychiatric Association, akati: “Panguva ino pane zvidzidzo zvinodarika 1 000 zvakavakirwa pamakore 30 okuongorora kunoratidza kubatana kwechisimba chinoratidzwa nezvinobudisa nhau nounhu hwoutsinye hune vamwe vana.” Ari pamberi peDare reSenate reUnited States, Dr. Borenstein akabvuma kuti: “Tine chokwadi chokuti kuramba uchiona varaidzo ine chisimba chero ipi zvayo kunokanganisa utano hwevanhu.”—Ona bhokisi rinoti “Mitambo Yechisimba Yepakombiyuta—Maonero Achiremba.”

Zvimwe zviitiko zvinowanzotaurwa nezvazvo kuratidza kuti izvi ndezvechokwadi. Kana zviri zvakaitwa neakaponda nepfuti zvisina tsitsi vaviri vaiona zvavo kubuda kwezuva pamhenderekedzo yegungwa vataurwa munyaya yapfuura, vachuchisi vakaratidza uchapupu hwokuti kuuraya kwokunakidzwa uku kwakakonzerwa nokugaroona firimu rechisimba. Mukupfura kwakaitwa kuchikoro uko kwakauraya vanhu 15, vadzidzi vaviri vakanga vaita izvi vakanzi vakanga vapedza maawa akawanda zuva nezuva vachitamba mitambo yemavhidhiyo ane chisimba. Uyezve, vakaona kakawanda mafirimu anorumbidza chisimba nokuuraya.

Zvinodhaka

MuUnited States, mwero wokuponda unoitwa nevayaruki wakawedzera nekatatu mumakore masere. Zviremera zvinoti chimwe chikonzero chii? Zvikwata, zvikurukuru zvikwata zvinoshandisa cocaine yakakwana. Kupondwa kwevanhu 500 kuchangobva kuitika muLos Angeles, California, “mapurisa akati 75 muzana kwaiva nechokuita nezvikwata zvematsotsi.”

Mumwe mushumo wakabudiswa neFBI Academy unoti: “Pavanhu vakawanda vanopara mhosva dzokuuraya, vanoonekwa kuti miviri yavo inenge ine zvinodhaka.” Vamwe vanhu vane mafungiro akakuvadzwa nokushandisa zvinodhaka vanouraya vakadhakwa. Vamwe vanodzivirira kutengesa kwavo zvinodhaka nokushandisa chisimba. Zviri pachena kuti zvinodhaka ndechimwe chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti vanhu vaite zviito zvakaipisisa.

Kuwana Nyore Nyore Zvombo Zvinoparadza

Sezvataurwa munyaya yatangira ino, mumwe munhu aiva nepfuti muTasmania, Australia, akauraya vanhu 35. Akakuvadza vamwe 19. Munhu wacho akanga akapakatira zvombo zvinongopfura zvoga. Izvi zvakaita kuti pagumiswe kuti kuwana nyore nyore zvombo zvakadaro ndechimwe chinhu chinokonzera kuwedzera kwemhosva dzechisimba.

Mumwe mushumo unoratidza kuti kwaiva nokuurayiwa kwevanhu 35 nepfuti muJapan muna 1995, kuzhinji kwacho kwaiva kwezvikwata zvakaurayiwa nezvimwe zvikwata zvomumigwagwa. Kusiyana neizvi, United States ine vanhu 15 000 vakapondwa nepfuti. Nei pane musiyano uyu? Mitemo yokuJapan inoomesera vanhu kuti vave nepfuti vamwe vakati ndiyo chimwe chikonzero.

Kusakwanisa Kwevanhu Kubata Nezvinetso

Pavanonzwa nezvezvimwe zviito zvakaipisisa, vamwe vangataura kuti, ‘Munhu iyeye anofanira kunge achipenga!’ Zvisinei, havasi vanhu vose vanopara mhosva dzakadaro vanorwara nepfungwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakawanda vanowana zvakaoma kubata zvinetso zvoupenyu nokubudirira. Nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti kushaya unhu kungatungamirira kuzviito zvakaipisisa kudaro. Zvimwe zvacho ndeizvi zvinotevera: kushayikwa kwedzidzo uye kweshamwari dzakanaka; Migumisiro yakaipa yokubatwa chibharo kana kubatwa zvisina kufanira; unhu husiri hwoushamwari; kuvenga boka rakati, zvakadai sevakadzi; kusasemburwa nokuita zvakashata; uye chido chokushandisa vamwe.

Chero chingave chiri chinetso chavo, vamwe vanokurirwa nezvinetso zvavo zvokuti mafungiro avo anochinjwa, uye izvi zvingaita kuti vaite zviito zvisingafungidziriki. Muenzaniso ndewomukoti aida kuonererwa zvikuru. Akabaya vana vaduku jekiseni rinopedza simba retsandanyama rakaita kuti vana vacho vatadze kufema. Zvadaro zvakamufadza kubata pfungwa dzevanhu sezvo aiedza “kuponesa” mumwe nomumwe wevana vacho. Sezvineiwo, haana kukwanisa kuita kuti vose vatange kufema. Akatongwa nemhosva yokuponda.

Zviri pachena kubva mune zvakurukurwa kuti pane zvinhu zvinobatanidzwa zvinoparira vanhu kuita mhosva dzechisimba. Zvisinei, zvatataura zvinenge zvisina kukwana kana tisina kutaura chimwezve chinhu chinokosha kwazvo.

Mhinduro yeBhaibheri

Bhaibheri rinotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti chii chiri kuitika iye zvino uye kuti nei vanhu vachiita nenzira dzokunyanyisa kudai. Rinorondedzera zvakarurama mafungiro atinoona kwose kwose. Somuenzaniso, mashoko atinowana pana 2 Timoti 3:3, 4 anotaura kuti vanhu vachange “vasina rudo kwazvo” uye kuti vachange ‘vasingazvidzori, vachityisa, vasingadi zvakanaka,’ uye “vakaoma musoro.” Mune rimwe bhuku reBhaibheri, Jesu akadzokororwa mashoko ake okuti: “Rudo rwevakawanda zvikuru ruchatonhora.”—Mateu 24:12.

Bhaibheri rinoti: “Pamazuva okupedzisira nguva dzinonetsa dzakaoma kubata nadzo dzichasvika.” (2 Timoti 3:1) Chokwadi, zvatiri kuona, uchapupu hwokuti tiri kurarama kumagumo kwenyika ino. Mamiriro ezvinhu, pamwe chete nemafungiro evanhu, zviri kuderera. Tingatarisira kuti pangava nechinogadzirisa izvi nokukurumidza here? Bhaibheri rinopindura kuti: “Vanhu vakaipa nevanyengeri vachabva pakuipa vachienda pakuipisisa.”—2 Timoti 3:13.

Izvi zvinoreva here kuti vanhu vakatemerwa kungorarama munyika ine chisimba chisingaperi uye ine mhosva dziri kuwedzera? Ngationgororei mubvunzo iwoyo munyaya yedu inotevera.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 6]

TAKANGOSIKWA TIRI VECHISIMBA HERE?

Vamwe vanoti vanhu vagara vachiberekwa vaine muitiro wokuita chisimba kana kuuraya. Vatsigiri vemhindumupindu vanoti tinobva kumhuka dzomusango uye kuti takangotodza maitiro adzo echisimba. Dzidziso dzakadaro dzinoratidza kuti takangosikwa kurarama nechisimba chisingaperi pasina tariro yokutiza.

Zvisinei, kune uchapupu hwakawanda hunopesana neizvi. Dzidziso dzataurwa pamusoro apa hadzitsananguri kuti nei munzanga dzakasiyana-siyana mune misiyano yakakura kwazvo yokusiyana kwenguva uye mhando dzechisimba chacho. Hadziratidzi kuti nei dzimwe nzanga dzichiva nechisimba kwazvo, asi dzimwe dzisinganyanyi kuita chisimba, musina kana zvokuponda zvinoshumwa. Nyanzvi inoongorora pfungwa Erich Fromm akabudisa pachena kuti dzidziso haisi yechokwadi yokuti tinogara nhaka chisimba kubva kumhuka nokutaura kuti kunyange zvazvo dzimwe dzadzo dzichizivikanwa sedzine chisimba kuti dzidzivirire zvinhu zvadzo kana kuzvidzivirira, vanhu chete ndivo vave vachizivikanwa kuti vanouraya kungoitira kunakidzwa.

Mubhuku ravo The Will to Kill—Making Sense of Senseless Murder, Vanapurofesa James Alan Fox naJack Levin vanoti: “Vamwe vanhu vanoda kuita zvechisimba kudarika vamwe, asi vanenge vachiri kungogona kusarudza zvavanoda. Kuda kuuraya, kunyange zvazvo kuchidzorwa nomunhu wacho nemamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza, kunenge kuchiri kungosanganisira kuzvisarudzira, uye kuzvidavirira nokupomerwa mhosva.”

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

MITAMBO YECHISIMBA YEPAKOMBIYUTA—MAONERO ACHIREMBA

Dr. Richard F. Corlin, aichimbova purezidhendi weAmerican Medical Association, akataura hurukuro kuboka ravanachiremba raipedza kudzidza muPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Muhurukuro yake akataura nezvemitambo yepakombiyuta inokurudzira chisimba. Mimwe yemitambo iyi inopa zvibodzwa kana wakonzera zvironda, zvibodzwa zvakawanda kana wapfura munhu wacho, uye zvakatowanda kana wapfura musoro. Ropa rinobuda, uye uropi hunoyerera pose pose.

Dr. Corlin akataura kuti vana havafaniri kutyaira, havabvumirwi kunwa zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, uye havabvumirwi kusvuta vachiri vaduku zvikuru. Akabva ati: “Asi tinovasiya vachidzidziswa kupfura pazera ravanenge vasati vava kukwanisa kudzora manzwiro avo uye vasati vakura zvokukwanisa kuziva kushandisa zvinhu zvinokuvadza vasingakuvari. . . . Tinofanira kudzidzisa vana vedu kubvira kwokutanga kuti chisimba [chine] migumisiro yakaipa—migumisiro yakatoipisisa—nguva dzose.”

Zvinosuruvarisa kuti pane kudzidziswa kuti kupara mhosva kune migumisiro isina kunaka, vana vasina chavanoziva ndivo vanowanzova vanoitirwa mhosva dzechisimba. Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti kupfura nepfuti kunouraya vana gumi pazuva muUnited States. Dr. Corlin anoti: “United States ndiyo iri pamberi munyika yose—pauwandu hwevana vanofa nokupfurwa nepfuti.” Akagumisa achitii? “Chisimba chepfuti chinotyisidzira utano hwevanhu venyika yedu. Ichokwadi.”

[Bhokisi riri papeji 9]

ZVINHU ZVINOKONZERA MHOSVA DZECHISIMBA

Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti zvinhu zvinotevera zvinogona kukonzera kuparwa kwemhosva pasina chinangwa chaicho:

Kuparara kwemhuri

Mapoka anovenga, vanyanyisi

Zvitendero zvine ngozi

Chisimba muvaraidzo

Kuona vanhu vachinyatsoita chisimba

Kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kufanira

Kusakwanisa kubata nezvinetso

Kuwana nyore nyore zvombo zvinoparadza

Kurwara nepfungwa kwakasiyana-siyana

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]

Kumwe pakubhomba kushanu kwakauraya vanhu vanoda kusvika 12 uye kukakuvadza vamwe vanodarika 80, muQuezon City, Philippines

[Kwazvakatorwa]

AP Mufananidzo/Aaron Favila December 30, 2000

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]

Vadzidzi vaviri vanouraya mudzidzisi, vadzidzi 12, uye vanozviurayawo paColumbine High School, kuColorado, U.S.A.

[Kwazvakatorwa]

AP Mufananidzo/Jefferson County Sheriff’s Department April 20, 1999

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 8, 9]

Kubhomba nemotokari kunouraya vanhu vanenge 182 uye kunokuvadza 132 pa‘nightclub’ muBali, Indonesia

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Maldonado Roberto/GAMMA October 12, 2002