Sayenzi icharapa nyika here? — RAIBHURARI YEPAINDANETI yeWatchtower

Sayenzi icharapa nyika here?

SAYENZI yemazuva ano icharapa nyika here? Uprofita hweBhaibheri hwaIsaya naZvakazarurwa hunotaura nezvenguva apo vanhu pachavo vachakwanisa kuita kuti pave nenyika isina zvirwere here? Tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvakawanda zvaitwa kutarisira utano, vamwe vanofunga kuti zvinoita.

Hurumende nemasangano anoyamura vari kushanda pamwe chete zvavasati vamboita nesangano reUnited Nations kuti vapedze zvirwere zvose. Vari kuedza nepavanogona napo kubaya majekiseni okudzivirira zvirwere pavana vari munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Maererano neUnited Nations Children’s Fund, kana nyika dzikabudirira kuita zvinangwa zvadzo, “panozosvika gore ra2015, gore rimwe nerimwe vana vanodarika mamiriyoni 70 vari kugara munyika dzine urombo kwazvo vachange vava kubayiwa majekiseni okudzivirira zvirwere izvi: tiibhii, chirwere chinokonzera kupisa kwomuviri [diphtheria], tetenasi, chikosoro chinonzi pertussis, gwirikwiti, chirwere chakada kufanana negwirikwiti chinonzi rubella, yellow fever, haemophilus influenzae type B, hepatitis B, poriyo, rotavirus, pneumococcus, meningococcus, uye chinonzi Japanese encephalitis.” Vari kutorawo matanho okuita kuti pave nezvinhu zvinosimudzira utano hwakanaka, zvakadai sokuwanisa vanhu mvura yakachena, zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, uye kudzidzisa vanhu zvoutsanana.

Zvisinei, masayendisiti ari kuvimbisa kuita zvakawanda kupfuura kungoita zvinosimudzira utano chete. Ruzivo rwemazuva ano ruri kuchinja zvokurapa. Zvave zvichinzi anenge makore masere oga oga, ruzivo rwemasayendisiti rwokurapa runowedzera nekaviri. Zvinotevera ndezvimwe zvezvigadzirwa zvichangobva kuburwa zvinoratidza ruzivo rwemazuva ano uye zvinangwa zviri kuitwa pakurwisa zvirwere.

◼ Kushandisa Mifananidzo yeEkisirei Kwemakore anodarika 30, zvipatara navanachiremba vave vachishandisa yavanoti CT scan. CT zvinomirira mashoko okuti computed tomography. Kuvheneka muviri neCT scan kunoonesa mifananidzo yezvakaita mativi matatu omukati momuviri wedu. Mifananidzo iyi inobatsira chaizvo pakuongorora chirwere uye zvimwewo zvinenge zvisina kumira zvakanaka mumuviri.

Kunyange zvazvo paine gakava pamusoro pengozi dzokupisa kwemwaranzi yacho, nyanzvi dzezvoutano dziri kutarisira remangwana rakanaka rinokonzerwa nokubatsira kworuzivo urwu rwemberi. Mumwe purofesa wemwaranzi anonzi Michael Vannier ari paUniversity of Chicago Hospital, anoti: “Mumakore mashomanana chete apfuura, kufambira mberi kwacho kuri kuitika nokukurumidza kwazvo zvokuti kunoomesa mate mukanwa.”

Michina yokuvhenekesa yeCT iye zvino yava kuita basa iri nechimbi-chimbi, zvakarurama chaizvo, uye zvisinganyanyi kudhura. Kukurumidza kuvheneka kunoita michina mitsva iyi kunobatsira nenzira inotokosha. Izvi zvinonyanya kushanda pakuvheneka mwoyo. Nokuti mwoyo unogara uchirova, mifananidzo yakawanda yeEkisirei yaiwanzobuda isina kujeka, zvobva zvaoma pakuiongorora zvakarurama. Sokutsanangura kunoita magazini inonzi New Scientist, michina mitsva iyi inoshandiswa pakuvheneka inotora “chikamu chimwe chete bedzi muzvitatu chesekondi kuti iongorore muviri wose, inokurumidza chaizvo kudarika kurova kunoita mwoyo kamwe chete,” zvichiita kuti pabude mifananidzo yakajeka.

Vachibatsirwa nemichina mitsva yokuvhenekesa, vanachiremba havachangokwanisi kuona nhengo dzomukati momuviri chete asiwo vava kukwanisa kuongorora kushanda kunoita mamwe makemikari ari mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri. Michina iyi ingaita kuti vakwanise kuona pane kenza isati yakura.

◼ Kuvhiya nemarobhoti Panyaya dzokurapa, kushandisa marobhoti akaoma kunzwisisa hachisisiri chinhu chatinongoona mumafirimu ezvesayenzi. Zviuru zvevanhu zviri kutovhiyiwa pachishandiswa marobhoti. Dzimwe nguva vanovhiya vanoshandisa kamuchina keremote-control kanoita kuti vashandise maoko akawanda anenge ari pamarobhoti. Maoko aya anenge aine mapanga, zvigero, makamera, zvokupisisa muviri, nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa pakuvhiya. Ruzivo urwu runoita kuti vavhiyi vakwanise kuvhiya pakaoma zvikuru vachinyatsoita nemazvo zvinoshamisa. “Vavhiyi vanoshandisa nzira iyi vakawana kuti varwere vavanovhiya havarasikirwi neropa rakawanda uye havanyanyi kurwadziwa, ngozi dzokuti zviome pakuvhiya ishoma, vanogara muchipatara kwemazuva mashoma uye vanokurumidza kupora kudarika vaya vanovhiyiwa pasingashandiswi muitiro uyu,” inodaro magazini inonzi Newsweek.

◼ Nanomedicine Uku kushandiswa kwetumarobhoti tusingaoneki nemaziso mukurapa tunotoda maikorosikopu kuti utuone. Vanotsigira ruzivo urwu vanodavira kuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera, masayendisiti achange ava kukwanisa kugadzira tumichina tuduku kwazvo tunokwanisa kurapa turi mumuviri womunhu. Tumarobhoti tuduku utwu tuchatakura makombiyuta madukuduku zvikuru asingaoneki nemaziso twoaendesa munzvimbo dzinodiwa mumuviri uye twoita basa ratunenge twarongerwa kuita. Zvinoshamisa ndezvokuti tumichina utwu tuchagadzirwa nezvinhu zvidukuduku kwazvo zvokuti zvinhu zvacho zvikaunganidzwa zviri 1 000, zvinenge zvakatetepa kupfuura kutetepa kwakaita peji yauri kuverenga iye zvino.

Nokuti tuduku zvikuru, zviri kutarisirwa kuti tumichina tuduku utwu rimwe zuva tuchange twava kukwanisa kufamba nomutsinga dukuduku tuchiendesa okisijeni kunzvimbo dzine ropa rinenge risina masero matsvuku akawanda, kubvisa zvinokanganisa kufamba zvakanaka kweropa mutsinga uye zvinhu zvinenge zvakabatirira mumasero ouropi, uye kunyange kutsvaka nokuparadza mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, nezvimwewo zvinokonzera zvirwere. Michina iyi ingazoshandiswawo kuendesa mishonga kumasero chaiwo anenge achidiwa.

Masayendisiti ari kufungidzira kuti kukwanisa kubata kenza kuchavandudzwa zvinoshamisa noruyamuro rwemichina miduku iyi. Dr. Samuel Wickline, mumwe purofesa wokurapa wefizikisi, uye anorapa achishandisa mitemo youinjiniya akati: “Mikana yokukurumidza kuwana kenza isati yatanga yakakura chaizvo kudarika kare uye yokuirapa nemishonga ine simba painenge iri chaipo, panguva imwe chete zvichideredza dzimwe njodzi dzipi nedzipi dzingavapo.”

Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingaita sokushuva zvinhu zvisingaitiki, mamwe masayendisiti anoona kurapa nemichina iyi zviri zvinhu chaizvo zvichanyatsoitika. Vari pamberi mukutsvakurudza izvi vanotarisira kuti mumakore gumi ari kuuya, ruzivo rwokushandisa marobhoti pakurapa ruchange rwava kushandiswa kugadziridza nokurongazve masero mapenyu. Mumwe anotsigira ruzivo urwu anoti: “Kurapa nokushandisa marobhoti asingaoneki nemaziso kuchabvisa zvirwere zvose zvatinoziva zviri muzana rino remakore rechi20, anenge marwadzo ose nokutambura, uye kuchaita kuti muviri uite zvose zvaunogona kuita.” Kunyange pari zvino mamwe masayendisiti ari kutaura nezvokubudirira kwaari kuita kurapa mhuka dzinenge dziri mumarabhoritari achishandisa marobhoti asingaoneki nemaziso.

◼ Genomics Kudzidza nezvemajini kunonzi genomics. Sero rimwe nerimwe riri mumuviri womunhu rine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokosha kuupenyu. Chimwe chaizvozvi chinonzi majini. Mumwe nomumwe wedu ane majini anenge 35 000 anosarudza zvichange zvakaita bvudzi redu, ganda uye ruvara rweziso, urefu, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine chokuita nechimiro chedu. Majini edu ane basa rinokoshawo pakuita kuti nhengo dzedu dzomukati dzishande zvakanaka kana kwete.

Kana majini akakuvadzwa, utano hwedu hunogona kukanganisika. Kutaura zvazviri, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanodavira kuti zvirwere zvose zvinokonzerwa nokusashanda zvakanaka kwemajini. Mamwe majini akakanganisika tinoawana kubva kuvabereki vedu. Mamwe anokuvadzwa nezvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvinokuvadza.

Masayendisiti ari kutarisira kuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera achakwanisa kufanoona majini angaita kuti tibatwe nechirwere. Somuenzaniso, izvi zvingaita kuti vanachiremba vanzwisise kuti nei vamwe vanhu vachibatwa nekenza zvikuru kudarika vamwe kana kuti nei imwe mhando yekenza ichitambudza vamwe vanhu zvikuru kudarika vamwe. Ruzivo rwemajini rungaratidzawo kuti nei mumwe mushonga ungashanda kune vamwe varwere asi usingashandi kune vamwe.

Ruzivo rwakadaro rwemajini rungaita kuti munhu arapwe nemishonga inoenderana naye. Ruzivo urwu rungakubatsira sei? Zvinonzi kurapwa nenzira iyi uye mishonga inoenderana newe kunoitwa pachishandiswa zvakaita majini ako. Somuenzaniso, kana majini ako akaongororwa oratidza kuti ungangobatwa nechimwe chirwere, vanachiremba vanogona kubata chirwere chacho pachine nguva chisati chatomboratidza kuti chichavapo. Vanotsigira izvi vanoti kana chirwere chacho chisati chavapo, kurapwa kwakakodzera, zvokudya, uye kuchinja maitiro zvingatokudzivirira pakubatwa nechirwere chacho zvachose.

Majini ako angaita kuti vanachiremba vazive mishonga isina kukunakira. Izvi zvingaita kuti vanachiremba vakwanise kukunyorera mushonga unonyatsoenderana newe uye kukuudza mashandisiro aunofanira kuuita. Rimwe pepanhau rinonzi The Boston Globe rinoti: “Pachazosvika 2020, kushanda [kwokurapa munhu zvichienderana nemajini ake] kungangova nemigumisiro yakanaka chaizvo kudarika zvatiri kufungidzira nhasi. Mishonga mitsva inoenderana nemajini omunhu ichagadzirwa kuti irape zvirwere zveshuga, mwoyo, chirwere cheAlzheimer, schizophrenia, nezvimwewo zvirwere zvakawanda zviri kuuraya vanhu vakawanda munzanga yedu.”

Ruzivo rwataurwa pamusoro apa ruri kungoratidza zvichange zvakaita marapiro matsva ari kuvimbiswa nevesayenzi munguva yemberi. Ruzivo rwokurapa ruri kungoramba ruchiwanda. Asi masayendisiti haasi kutarisira kuti achabvisa zvirwere zvachose munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Pane zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvinoita sezvisingakundiki.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvinoita Sezvisingakundiki

Zvinoitwa nevanhu zvingaderedza kufambira mberi kuri kuedza kuitwa pakupedza zvirwere. Somuenzaniso, masayendisiti anodavira kuti kukuvadza kuri kuita vanhu zvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu kwakonzera zvirwere zvitsva, zvine ngozi zvikuru. Paaibvunzurudzwa nevemagazini yeNewsweek, Mary Pearl, purezidhendi weWildlife Trust, akatsanangura kuti: “Kubvira pakati pema1970, zvirwere zvitsva zvinopfuura 30 zvakavapo, kusanganisira AIDS, Ebola, chirwere chinonzi Lyme uye cheSARS. Zvakawanda zvezvirwere izvi zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakabva kumhuka zvichienda kuvanhu.”

Uyezve, vanhu vava kudya michero nemiriwo mishoma uye vava kudya shuga yakawanda, munyu, nezvokudya zvine mafuta akawanda. Izvi pamwe chete nokusanyanya kurovedza muviri uye nemimwe miitiro isingasimudziri utano hwakanaka zvakaita kuti pave nezvirwere zvakawanda zvemwoyo. Kuputa fodya kuri kuwedzera, kuchikonzera zvinetso zvakakomba zvoutano uye rufu rwemamiriyoni munyika yose. Gore roga roga vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 20 vanotambura zvakakomba kana kuti vanofa netsaona dzemotokari. Hondo nechimwe chisimba zvinouraya uye zvinokuvadza vamwe vasingaverengeki. Mamiriyoni ari kutambura noutano husina kunaka pamusana pokunwisa doro kana kuti kushandisa zvinodhaka kupfuura mwero.

Chokwadi ndechokuti pasinei nokuti zvinokonzerwa nei, uye kunyange nokufambira mberi kwose kwaitwa muruzivo rwokurapa, zvimwe zvirwere zviri kuramba zvichitambudza vanhu kwazvo. Maererano nesangano rinonzi World Health Organization (WHO), ‘vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 150 vanotambura nokuora mwoyo pane imwe nguva, vanenge mamiriyoni 25 nechirwere chinonzi schizophrenia, uye mamiriyoni 38 netsviyo.’ Vakawanda vari kurwara neHIV/AIDS, zvirwere zvemanyoka, marariya, gwirikwiti, nyumoniya, uye tiibhii, zvichiuraya vana vasingaverengeki nevaduku vari kuyaruka.

Kunewo zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinoita sezvisingakundiki panyaya iyi yokupedza zvirwere. Urombo nehurumende dzine uori ndezvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvikuru zviviri. Mumushumo uchangobva kupiwa, WHO yakataura kuti mamiriyoni akawanda anofa nezvirwere zvinotapukira aigona kurarama kudai hurumende dzakanga dzisingakundikani uye kudai aiwanirwa mari.

Ruzivo rwesayenzi uye kufambira mberi kunoshamisa muruzivo rwokurapa kuchabatsira kukunda zvipingamupinyi izvi here? Tichaona nyika ichange isisina zvirwere here munguva pfupi iri kutevera? Chokwadi, mashoko ataurwa pamusoro apa haapi mhinduro yakajeka. Zvisinei, Bhaibheri rinojekesa mubvunzo iwoyu. Nyaya inotevera ichakurukura zvinotaurwa neBhaibheri nezvetariro yenguva yemberi pachange pasisina zvirwere.

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Kutora mifananidzo yeEkisirei

Mifananidzo yakajeka, yakanyatsorurama yomuviri womunhu ingabatsira kuona pane chirwere chisati chakura

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Kuvhiya nemarobhoti Marobhoti anenge aine zvinhu zvokuvhiyisa ari kubatsira vanachiremba kuti vavhiye nzvimbo dzakaoma kwazvo vachinyatsoita nemazvo zvinoshamisa

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Genomics Nokudzidza zvakaita majini omunhu, masayendisiti ari kutarisira kuti achakwanisa kuona nokurapa chirwere chacho kunyange murwere wacho asati atombonzwa zviratidzo zvokuti ane chirwere chacho

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Nanomedicine Michina isingaoneki nemaziso ingaita kuti vanachiremba vakwanise kurapa zvirwere mumasero chaimo. Mufananidzo uyu uri kuratidza kamuchina kasingaoneki nemaziso kakaita zvokudhirowewa kachitevedzera kushanda kunoita masero matsvuku eropa

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Siemens AG

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▲ Artist: Vik Olliver (vik@diamondage.co.nz)/ Designer: Robert Freitas

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Chromosomes: © Phanie/ Photo Researchers, Inc. ▸

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Zvirwere Zvitanhatu Zvisingarapiki

Ruzivo rwokurapa norumwewo runoenderana narwo ruri kuramba ruchifambira mberi zvisati zvamboitika. Pasinei neizvozvo, matambudziko ari kukonzerwa nezvirwere zvinotapukira ari kuonesa nyika yose chakati tende. Zvirwere zvinouraya zviri pasi apa hazvisi kurapika.

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HIV/AIDS

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Vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 60 vane HIV, uye vanenge mamiriyoni 20 vakafa neAIDS. Muna 2005 makava nezvirwere zvitsva zvinosvika mamiriyoni mashanu uye vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni matatu vakafa nechirwere cheAIDS. Apa paisanganisira vana vanopfuura 500 000. Vazhinji vane HIV havarapwi zvakakwana.

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Manyoka

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Zvaanobata vanhu vanenge mabhiriyoni mana gore roga roga, manyoka anonzi ndiwo ari kunyanya kuuraya varombo. Anokonzerwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotapukira zvinogona kuparadzirwa nemvura kana zvokudya zvine tsvina kana kuti kushayika kwoutsanana. Zvirwere izvi zvinouraya vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri gore roga roga.

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Marariya

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Gore roga roga, vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 300 vanorwara nemarariya. Vanenge miriyoni imwe vanofa gore roga roga, vakawanda vavo vari vana. MuAfrica mwana mumwe chete anofa nemarariya anenge masekondi 30 oga oga. Maererano nesangano reWorld Health Organization (WHO), “sayenzi haisati yava nomushonga wokukurumidza kurapa marariya zvachose uye vakawanda havana chokwadi kana pachizova nomushonga.”