Bhaibheri Ibhuku Rine Uprofita Hwechokwadi, Chikamu 1

“Ndichaita Rudzi Rukuru Runobva Mauri”

Munyaya ino ichange iine zvikamu zvisere, “Mukai!” ichataura nezvechimwe chinhu chinokosha chinowanikwa muBhaibheri, uprofita. Zvikamu izvi zvichakubatsira kupindura mibvunzo inotevera: Vanhu vakachenjera ndivo here vakanyora uprofita huri muBhaibheri? Pane here chinoratidza kuti uprofita huri muBhaibheri hwakafemerwa naMwari? Tinokukumbira kuti uenzanise uchapupu huripo.

VANHU vakawanda mazuva ano havana chokwadi nezvinhu zvizhinji, uye chimwe chacho iBhaibheri. Chinosuwisa ndechokuti vazhinji vavo havana kumbozvipa nguva yokumboongorora Bhaibheri. Maonero avanoriita anobva pane zvavanonzwa vamwe vachitaura. Tinovimba kuti iwe hauna kudaro. Tinokukumbira kuti tiongorore pamwe chete kubvira kwokutanga, izvo zvichatibatsira kuona uchapupu hunoratidza kuti Bhaibheri nderechokwadi.

Tichatanga kuongorora nezvemurume anoremekedzwa nevaKristu, vaJudha nevaMuslim. Murume uyu aiva muHebheru akararama kubva muna 2018 kusvika muna 1843 B.C.E.a Zita rake ainzi Abrahamu.b

Abrahamu ndiye ainyanya kutaurwa nezvake neuprofita hwakawanda hwokutanga huri muBhaibheri, uhwo hunobatanidzawo isu. (Onawo bhokisi rakanzi “Chikomborero ‘Kumarudzi Ose.’”) Maererano nebhuku riri muBhaibheri rinonzi Genesisi, uprofita uhwu hunosanganisira zvinotevera: (1) Vana vaAbrahamu vaizova rudzi rukuru. (2) Vasati vava rudzi rukuru vaizotanga vava nhapwa kune imwe nyika. (3) Vaizosunungurwa uye vozova vagari vomunyika yeKenani. Ngatichikurukurei mashoko aya zvizere.

Uprofita Hwacho Hutatu

Uprofita 1: “Ndichaita rudzi rukuru runobva mauri [Abrahamu].”—Genesisi 12:2.

Kuzadzika kwahwo: Vazukuru vaAbrahamu vakaberekwa nokuna Isaka naJakobho (uyo ainziwo Israeri) vakapedzisira vaumba rudzi rwevaIsraeri vekare uye vaitova nemadzimambo erudzi rwavo.

Zvinyorwa zvisiri zveBhaibheri zvinoti kudii?:

● Bhaibheri rinotaura zvakawanda nezvedzinza raAbrahamu, kusanganisira vazukuru vake vakabva kuna Isaka, Jakobho, uye vanakomana 12 vaJakobho. Dzinza racho rinosanganisirawo madzimambo akawanda akatonga muIsraeri uye Judha. Pamadzimambo ose iwayo, 17 acho anotaurwa nezvavo mune zvimwewo zvinyorwa zvisiri zveBhaibheri, zvichibva zvapindirana nezvinotaurwa neBhaibheri kuti zvakafamba sei kuti vazukuru vaAbrahamu vakabva kuna Isaka naJakobho vazova rudzi.c

Uprofita 2: “Vana vako [Abrahamu] vachava vatorwa munyika isiri yavo, vachavashandira . . . Asi pachizvarwa chechina vachadzoka kuno.”—Genesisi 15:13, 16.

Kuzadzika kwahwo: Nepamusana penzara yakavapo munyika yeKenani, zvizvarwa zvina zvevana vaAbrahamu zvakagara kuIjipiti, pakutanga vari vatorwa ndokuzopedzisira vava varanda vaishandiswa kukanya zvidhina zvavaisanganisa nouswa. Tichitangira pamuzukuruchibvi waAbrahamu ainzi Revhi, uyo akaenda kuIjipiti nababa vake vakanga vakwegura, zvizvarwa zvacho zvina ndeizvi (1) Revhi, (2) mwanakomana wake Kohati, (3) muzukuru wake Amramu, uye (4) muzukuruchibvi wake Mosesi. (Eksodho 6:16, 18, 20) Mugore ra1513 B.C.E., Mosesi akatungamirira vaIsraeri kubuda muIjipiti.—Ona chati iri pasi uye bhokisi rakanzi “Bhaibheri Rinonyatsotaura Nguva Chaiyoiyo.”

Zvinyorwa zvisiri zveBhaibheri zvinoti kudii?:

● Sokutaura kwaJames K. Hoffmeier, purofesa weMagwaro echiHebheru uye anoita zvekuchera matongo muIjipiti nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakapoteredza, zvinyorwa zvevaIjipiti uye zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo zvinoratidza kuti vaSemite (vakadai sevaHebheru vekare) vaibvumirwa kupinda muIjipiti nezvipfuwo zvavo panguva yenzara. Asi vaIsraeri vakazova varanda here vava ikoko, vachipiwa basa rokukanya zvidhina?

● Kunyange zvazvo zvinyorwa zvevaIjipiti zvisingatauri nezverudzi rwevaIsraeri, zvinhu zvaidhirowewa pamakuva ekuIjipiti uye zvainyorwa pane mimwe mipumburu zvinoratidza kuti vaIjipiti vaishandisa vatorwa kukanya zvidhina zvaisanganiswa nouswa. Zvinyorwa zvevaIjipiti zvinotaura zvinoenderana nezvinotaurwa neBhaibheri kuti vakuru vebasa vaitonyora pasi nhamba yezvidhina zvaifanira kukanywa zuva rimwe nerimwe. (Eksodho 5:14, 19) Hoffmeier anoti, ‘Zvinyorwa zveIjipiti zvinopupurirawo kuti vatorwa vaishandiswa sevaranda mazuva ayo vaIsraeri vaibatwawo sevaranda. Muchidimbu, zvingangova zviri zvechokwadi kuti vaHebheru vekare vakapinda muIjipiti pakwaiva nenzara vakazopedzisira vava varanda.’

Uprofita 3: “Ndichapa . . . vana vako . . . nyika yose yeKenani.”—Genesisi 17:8.

Kuzadzika kwahwo: Kunyange zvazvo Mosesi akatungamirira vaIsraeri kubuda muIjipiti, Joshua mwanakomana waNuni ndiye akazotungamirira rudzi rwacho kupinda munyika yeKenani muna 1473 B.C.E.

Zvinyorwa zvisiri zveBhaibheri zvinoti kudii?:

● Kunyange zvazvo makore anotaurwa nevanochera matongo achisiyana-siyana, purofesa anoona nezvezvinhu zvekuIjipiti (Egyptology) anonzi K. A. Kitchen akanyora kuti, “Tinofanira kutaura nezvekupinda munyika yeKenani uye kugaramo kwakaitwa nevaIsraeri.”

● Bhaibheri rinotaura kuti Joshua “akapisa [guta rokuKenani rinonzi] Hazori nomoto.” (Joshua 11:10, 11) Vezvekuchera matongo vakaona ungwandangwanda hwairatidza temberi nhatu dzevaKenani dzakanga dzaparadzwa. Vakaonawo uchapupu hunoratidza kuti guta racho rakapiswa muma1400 B.C.E. Zvose izvi zvinopindirana nezvinotaurwa neBhaibheri.

● Rimwe zvekare guta riri munyika yeKenani rakaongororwa iGibhiyoni, riri makiromita anenge 9,6 kubva kuJerusarema. Vanochera matongo vakaziva zita reguta racho pavakaona mibato yezvirongo 30 yakanga yakanyorwa zita reguta racho. VaGibhiyoni vekare havana kutevedzera vagari vekuHazori pakuti vakaita rugare naJoshua. Uye Joshua akabva ati vaite basa ‘rokuchera mvura.’ (Joshua 9:3-7, 23) Nei vakapiwa basa iri? Mashoko ari pana 2 Samueri 2:13 uye Jeremiya 41:12 anoratidza kuti muGibhiyoni makanga muine mvura yakawanda. Saka kuratidza kuti izvi zvinowirirana neBhaibheri, bhuku rinonzi Archaeological Study Bible, New International Version rinoti: “Gibhiyoni rinonyanya kuzivikanwa nekuwanda kwakaita mvura irimo: tsime guru rimwe chete nemamwe madiki manomwe.”

● Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvisiri zveBhaibheri zvinotaurawo mazita evanhu vakawanda vari muBhaibheri. Sezvambotaurwa kwokutanga, vanhu ava vanosanganisira madzimambo 17 edzinza raAbrahamu, akatonga muIsraeri neJudha. Vamwe vacho ndiAhabhi, Ahazi, Dhavhidhi, Hezekiya, Manase, naUziya. Kuvapo kweumambo uhwu kunonyatsoratidza pachena kuti paiva nerudzi rwevaIsraeri rwakapinda munyika yeKenani rwuchibva rwagara imomo.

● Muna 1896, vatsvakurudzi vakaona dombo raMerneptah muThebes, kuEgypt. Dombo iri rinoratidza kurwisa kwakaita mambo Farao ainzi Merneptah nemauto ake munyika yeKenani munenge muna 1210 B.C.E. Pazvinyorwa zvisiri zveBhaibheri, dombo iri ndiro rokutanga kutaura nezvevaIsraeri, zvichitsigira uchapupu hwokuti rudzi rwevaIsraeri rwaivako zvechokwadi.

Chazvakanakira Kutaura Nguva Nezviitiko

Sezvataona, Bhaibheri rine mashoko akawanda anonyatsotaura zvakajeka nezvevanhu, nzvimbo uye zviitiko. Mashoko akadaro anotibatsira kuti tienzanise zvinotaurwa neBhaibheri nezvinotaurwa nezvimwe zvinyorwa zvisiri zveBhaibheri, zvichibva zvaita kuti tione kana uprofita huri muBhaibheri hwakazadzika. Panyaya yaAbrahamu nevana vake, uchapupu hwatakurukura hunoratidza kuti zvakafanotaurwa naMwari zvakazadzika. Vana vaAbrahamu vakazova rudzi, vakava varanda kuIjipiti, uye vakazopedzisira vava kugara kunyika yeKenani. Zvose izvi zvinotiyeuchidza mashoko emunyori weBhaibheri ainzi Petro okuti: “Uprofita hahuna kumbounzwa chero panguva ipi zvayo nevanhu, asi vanhu vakataura zvichibva kuna Mwari sezvavaitungamirirwa nomudzimu mutsvene.”—2 Petro 1:21.

Mumazana emakore akazotevera, zvinhu zvakazochinjira vaIsraeri vaigara muKenani, zvikachinja nhoroondo yavo, zvinhu zvikaguma zvavaipira. Matambudziko avakasangana nawo akanga afanotaurwawo nevamwe vanyori veBhaibheri, sezvatichaona muchikamu chinotevera.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 25]

CHIKOMBORERO ‘KUMARUDZI OSE’

Mwari akavimbisa kuti vanhu ‘vemarudzi ose’ vaizozvikomborera nokumwana waAbrahamu. (Genesisi 22:18) Chikonzero chikuru chakaita kuti Mwari aite kuti vana vaAbrahamu vave rudzi ndechokuti aida kuti pazova naMesiya uyo aizopa upenyu hwake kuvanhu vose.d Saka vimbiso yakaitwa naMwari kuna Abrahamu ine chokuita newe! Johani 3:16 inoti: “Mwari akada nyika kwazvo zvokuti akapa Mwanakomana wake akaberekwa ari mumwe oga, kuti munhu wose anotenda maari arege kuparadzwa asi ave noupenyu husingaperi.”

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 25]

BHAIBHERI RINONYATSOTAURA NGUVA CHAIYOIYO

Muenzaniso unonyatsoratidza kuti Bhaibheri rinonyatsotaura nguva chaiyoiyo uri pana 1 Madzimambo 6:1, panotaura nezvenguva apo Mambo Soromoni akatanga basa rokuvaka temberi muJerusarema. Panoti: “Mugore remazana mana nemakumi masere [makore 479 akazara] vanakomana vaIsraeri vabuda munyika yeIjipiti, mugore rechina [rokutonga kwaSoromoni], mumwedzi waZivhi, kureva mwedzi wechipiri, Soromoni ava mambo waIsraeri, akavakira Jehovha imba.”

Maererano nekuverengwa kwenguva muBhaibheri, gore rechina rokutonga kwaSoromoni raiva 1034 B.C.E. Tikaverenga tichidzoka kumashure makore 479 zvinotisvitsa mugore ra1513 B.C.E., gore iro vaIsraeri vakabuda muIjipiti.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 26]

ABRAHAMU—MUNHU ANOZIVIKANWA MUNHOROONDO

● Mahwendefa evhu ekuma1700 B.C.E. anotaura nezvemaguta ane mazita akafanana neehama dzaAbrahamu. Maguta aya anosanganisira Peregi, Serugu, Nahori, Tera, uye Harani.​—Genesisi 11:17-32.

● Pana Genesisi 11:31, tinoverenga kuti Abrahamu nemhuri yake vakatama vachibva “muUri yevaKadheya.” Pane ungwandangwanda hweguta iri hwakawanikwa muIraq nechekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Bhaibheri rinotaurawo kuti baba vaAbrahamu, Tera, vakafira muguta reHarani, iro ringangodaro riri muTurkey, uye kuti mudzimai waAbrahamu, Sara, akafira muHebroni, rimwe remaguta ekare achiri kugarwa kuMiddle East.​—Genesisi 11:32; 23:2.

[Chati/Mufananidzo uri pamapeji 24, 25]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

CHATI INORATIDZA MBEU YAABRAHAMU UYE KUBUDA KWEVAISRAERI MUIJIPITI

Zvizvarwa zvina zverudzi rwaAbrahamu

Revhi

Kohati

Amramu

Mosesi

(B.C.E.)

1843 Abrahamu anofa

1728 Jakobho anoenda kuIjipiti nemhuri yake

1711 Jakobho anofa

1657 Josefa anofa

1593 Mosesi anoberekwa

1513 Mosesi anotungamirira vaIsraeri kubuda muIjipiti

1473 Mosesi anofa. Joshua anotungamirira vaIsraeri kupinda munyika yeKenani

Nguva yeVatongi

1117 Samueri anozodza Sauro kuti ave mambo wokutanga wevaIsraeri

1107 Dhavhidhi anoberekwa

1070 Dhavhidhi anova mambo wevaIsraeri

1034 Soromoni anotanga kuvaka temberi

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 17]

Dombo iri rakanyorwa kuti “Imba yaDhavhidhi,” nderimwe rezvinhu zvinotaura nezvemadzimambo emudzinza raAbrahamu akatonga muIsraeri kana kuti muJudha

[Kwazvakatorwa]

© Israel Museum, Jerusalem/The Bridgeman Art Library International