Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 48—VaGaratia
Munyori: Pauro
Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Korinte kana kuti Antiokia yeSiria
Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Munenge muna 50–52 C.E.
1. Iungano dzipi dzinotaurwa kwadziri mubhuku raVaGaratia, uye dzakarongwa sei uye rini?
UNGANO dzeGaratia dzinotaurwa kwadziri naPauro pana VaGaratia 1:2 sezviri pachena dzaibatanidza Antiokia yePisidhia, Ikonia, Ristra, uye Dherbhe—nzvimbo dziri mumaruwa akasiyana-siyana asi dzose dziri mukati menyika yeRoma. Bhuku raMabasa ganhuro 13 ne14 rinotaura nezverwendo rwokutanga rwoufundisi rwaPauro aina Bharnabhasi vachipfuura nomuiyi nharaunda, uko kwakatungamirira kukurongwa kweungano dzeGaratia. Idzodzi dzakanga dzakaumbwa nomuvhenganiswa wevaJudha navaisava vaJudha, pasina panikiro kubatanidza vaCelt, kana kuti vaGaul. Ichochi chakanga chiri chinguvana pashure peshanyo yaPauro kuJerusarema munenge muna 46 C.E.—Mabasa 12:25.
2. (a) Chii chakabva murwendo rwechipiri rwaPauro muGaratia, asi chii chakatevera pashure pacho? (b) Munguvayi, Pauro akapfuurira sei norwendo rwake?
2 Mugore ra49 C.E., Pauro naSirasi vakatanga rwendo rwechipiri rwoufundisi rwaPauro vachipinda munyika yeGaratia, uko kwakaguma ne‘kusimbiswa kweungano mukutenda nokuwedzera mukuwanda zuva nezuva.’ (Mabasa 16:5; 15:40, 41; 16:1, 2) Zvisinei, nokukurumidza pashure pokunge vabva kwakauya vadzidzisi venhema, vanotendeutsira kuchiJudha, avo vakapesvedzera vamwe muungano dzeGaratia kuti vadavire kuti kudzingiswa nokuchengetwa kwoMutemo waMosesi akanga ari mativi anokosha echiKristu chechokwadi. Munguvayi Pauro akanga apfuurira kuenda achipfuura nomuMisia ndokupinda muMakedhonia neGirisi, pakupedzisira achisvika muKorinte, umo akapedzera mwedzi inopfuura 18 aine hama. Ipapo, muna 52 C.E., akapfuura nokuEfeso achienda kuAntiokia yeSiria, nzvimbo yokumusha kwake, achisvika ikoko mugore rimwe chetero.—Mabasa 16:8, 11, 12; 17:15; 18:1, 11, 18-22.
3. Bhuku raVaGaratia ringave rakanyorerwa kupi uye rini?
3 Pauro akanyora tsamba yokuvaGaratia ari kupi uye riini? Pasina kupanikira akainyora nokukurumidza apo shoko rakamusvika pamusoro pomubato wavatendeutsiri kuchiJudha. Ikoku kwaigona kuve kwaiva muKorinte, Efeso, kana kuti Antiokia yeSiria. Kwaigona kusanova kwaiva mukati mokugara kwake kwemwedzi 18 muKorinte, 50-52 C.E., sezvo mashoko angave akava nenguva yokumusvika ikoko achibva kuGaratia. Efeso haingabviri, sezvo akagara ikoko kwenguva pfupi bedzi parwendo rwake rwokudzoka. Zvisinei, ipapo aka“garapo kwenguva yakati” panzvimbo yokumusha kwake yeAntiokia yeSiria, sezviri pachena muzhizha ra52 C.E., uye sezvo kwakanga kune kurukurirano iri nyore pakati peiri guta neAsia Minor, kunobvira kuti akagamuchira mushumo pamusoro pavatendeutsiri kuchiJudha ndokunyora tsamba yake kuvaGaratia ari kuAntiokia yeSiria panguva ino.—Mabasa 18:23.
4. Bhuku raVaGaratia rinozivisei pamusoro pouapostora hwaPauro?
4 Tsamba yacho inorondedzera Pauro so“muapostora (usina kubva kuvanhu, kana kutumwa nomunhu, asi naJesu Kristu, naMwari Baba).” Inozivisawo maidi akawanda pamusoro poupenyu hwaPauro nouapostora, ichibvumikisa kuti, somuapostora, aishanda mutsinhirano navaapostora vaiva muJerusarema uye kuti akatoshandisa chiremera chake mukururamisa mumwe muapostora, Petro.—VaG. 1:1, 13-24; 2:1-14.
5. Maidii anobvumikisa uchokwadi nokuva mundaza yamanyoro matsvene anogamuchirwa kwebhuku raVaGaratia?
5 Maidii anobvumikisa uchokwadi nokuva mundaza yamanyoro matsvene anogamuchirwa kwebhuku raVaGaratia? Rinonongedzerwa kwariri nezita mumanyoro aIrenaeus, Clement weAlexandria, Tertullian, uye Origen. Uyezve, rinobatanidzwa mumanyoro anokosha eBhaibheri akatanhamara anotevera: eSinaitic, eAlexandrine, Vatican Nha. 1209, Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus, Codex Claromontanus, uye Chester Beatty Papyrus Nha. 2 (P46). Uyezve, rinotsinhirana chose chose namamwe manyoro oRugwaro rwechiGiriki uyewo naMagwaro echiHebheru, kwarinonongedzera kwaari kazhinji kazhinji.
6. (a) Tsamba yaVaGaratia inosimbisa mapfundoi maviri? (b) Chii chakanga chiri chechienzi pamusoro pokunyorwa kweiyi tsamba, uye chinosimbisei?
6 Mutsamba yaPauro ine simba neyakananga “kukereke dzeGaratia,” anobvumikisa (1) kuti iye muapostora wechokwadi (idi iro vatendeutsiri kuchiJudha vakanga vatsvaka kuzvidza) uye (2) kuti kururamiswa kuri kupfurikidza nokutenda muna Kristu Jesu, kwete kupfurikidza namabasa oMutemo, uye kuti naizvozvo kudzingiswa hakusi madikanwa nokuda kwavaKristu. Kunyange zvazvo yakanga iri tsika yaPauro kuita kuti munyori anyore tsamba dzake, iye amene akanyora VaGaratia mu‘mabhii makuru noruoko rwake amene.’ (6:11) Zviri mubhuku racho zvakanga zviri zvoukoshi hukurusa, kwose kuri kuviri kuna Pauro nokuvaGaratia. Bhuku racho rinosimbisa kuonga rusununguko urwo vaKristu vechokwadi vanarwo kupfurikidza naJesu Kristu.
ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAVAGARATIA
7, 8. (a) Pauro anotaurei pamusoro pamashoko akanaka? (b) Pauro akasimbiswa sei somuapostora kuvasina kudzingiswa, uye akaratidzira sei chiremera chake pamusoro paKefasi?
7 Pauro anodzivirira uapostora hwake (1:1–2:14). Pashure pokukwazisa ungano dziri muGaratia, Pauro anoshamisika kuti dziri kukurumidza kwazvo kuendeswa kurumwe rudzi rwamashoko akanaka, uye anozivisa zvakasimba, kuti: “Kunyange isu, kana mutumwa unobva kudenga, akakuparidzirai imwe evhangeri, inopesana neyatinokuparidzirai isu, ngaave wakatukwa.” Mashoko akanaka ayo iye akazivisa haasati ari chimwe chinhu chounhu, uyewo haana kuadzidziswa, “asi [akaa]ratidzwa naJesu Kristu.” Kare, somutsigiri anoshingaira wechiJudha, Pauro akanga atambudza ungano yaMwari, asi panguva iyoyo Mwari akamudana kupfurikidza nomutsa Wake usakafanirwa kuti azivise mashoko akanaka pamusoro poMwanakomana wake kumarudzi. Haana kukwira Jerusarema kutozosvikira makore matatu pashure pokutendeuka kwake, uye ipapo, pavaapostora, akaona Petro bedzi, pamwe chete naJakobho munu’una waShe. Akanga asingazivikanwi iye pachake muungano dzeJudhea, kunyange zvazvo dzaisinzwa nezvake ndoku“rumbidza Mwari” nemhaka yake.—1:8, 12, 24.
8 Pashure pamakore 14 Pauro akakwira kuJerusarema zvakare ndokutsanangura pachivande mashoko akanaka ayo iye akanga achiparidza. Shamwari yake Tito, kunyange zvayo yaiva muGiriki, yakanga isingatodikanirwi kudzingiswa. Apo Jakobho naKefasi naJohane vakaona kuti Pauro akanga amuronzesa mashoko akanaka nokuda kwaavo vasina kudzingiswa, kungofanana naPetro akanga ane mashoko akanaka nokuda kwaavo vakadzingiswa, vakapa Pauro naBharnabhasi ruoko rworudyi rwokugovana pamwe chete kuti vaende kumarudzi, nepo ivo vamene vakaenda kuvakadzingiswa. Apo Kefasi akasvika kuAntiokia ndokukundikana kufamba zvakarurama “nezvokwadi yeEvhangeri” nokuda kwokutya boka rakadzingiswa, Pauro akamutuka pamberi pavo vose.—2:14.
9. MuKristu anoruramiswa pahwaro hwechii?
9 Kururamiswa nokutenda, kwete nomutemo (2:15–3:29). Isu vaJudha tinoziva, anotaura kudaro Pauro, “kuti munhu haaruramiswi namabasa omurayiro, asi nokutenda kuna Kristu Jesu.” Zvino anorarama muumwe naKristu uye mupenyu kupfurikidza nokutenda kuti aite kuda kwaMwari. “Kana kururamiswa kuchibva kumurayiro, Kristu wakafa pasina.”—2:16, 21.
10. Chii chinokosha nokuda kwechikomborero chaMwari, uye naizvozvo ndechipi chakanga chiri chinangwa choMutemo?
10 VaGaratia havana mufungo kwazvo zvokudavira kuti zvavakatanga nokugamuchira mudzimu nemhaka yokutenda, vanogona kupedza kubatira Mwari kupfurikidza namabasa oMutemo here? Kunzwa nokutenda kunokosha, saAbrahama, uyo “akatenda kuna Mwari, kukanzi kwaari ndiko kururama.” Zvino, maererano nechipikirwa chaMwari, “vokutenda vanoropafadzwa pamwe chete naAbrahama, wakatenda.” Vakasunungurwa pakutuka kwoMutemo kupfurikidza norufu rwaKristu padanda. Kristu ndiyo Mbeu yaAbrahama, uye Mutemo wakaitwa makore 430 gare gare hauparadzi chipikirwa chine chokuita neMbeu iyoyo. Chii, ipapoka, chakanga chiri chinangwa choMutemo? Iwo “wakanga uri muperekedzi wedu, kutiisa kuna Kristu kuti tiruramiswe nokutenda.” Zvino hatichisiri pasi pomuperekedzi, uyewo hakuchina zvino mutsaukano upi noupi pakati pomuJudha nomuGiriki, nokuti vose ndavamwe muumwe naKristu Jesu uye ivo “vana vaAbrahama, vadyi venhaka [maererano nechipikirwa, NW].”—3:6, 9, 24, 29.
11. (a) VaGaratia vari kufuratira kusunungurwai? (b) Pauro anoenzanisira sei rusununguko rwechiKristu?
11 Mirai zvakasimba murusununguko rwechiKristu (4:1–6:18). Mwari akatumira Mwanakomana wake kuti asunungure avo vari pasi poMutemo, kuti ivo va“piwe umwana.” (4:5) Naizvozvo kudzokererei kuuranda hwezvinhu zvokutanga zvisina simba uye zvourombo? Sezvo vaGaratia zvino vava kuchengeta mazuva nemwedzi nemwaka namakore, Pauro anotya kuti basa rake nokuda kwavo rakapambadzwa. Pashanyo yake yokutanga kwavari, vakagamuchira Pauro sengirozi yaMwari. Zvino ava muvengi wavo nemhaka yokuti anovaudza chokwadi here? Avo vanoda kuva pasi poMutemo ngavanzwe zvinotaura Mutemo: Abrahama akawana vanakomana vaviri kupfurikidza navakadzi vaviri. Mukadzi mumwe, murandakadzi, Hagari, anowirirana norudzi rwaIsraeri wokunyama, akasungwa kuna Jehovha kupfurikidza nesungano yoMutemo waMosesi, iri sungano inobudisa vana nokuda kwouranda. Mukadzi akasununguka, kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, Sara, anowirirana neJerusarema rokumusoro, iro, anodaro Pauro, “rakasununguka, ndivo mai vedu.” “Rugwaro,” anobvunza kudaro Pauro, “runotiyiko?” Izvi: “Mwanakomana womurandakadzi haangadyi nhaka pamwe chete nomwanakomana wowakasununguka.” Uye tiri vana, kwete vomurandakadzi, “asi vowakasununguka.”—4:30, 31.
12. (a) VaGaratia zvino vanofanira kufamba kupfurikidza nechii? (b) Pauro anoita musiyanoi unokosha?
12 Kudzingiswa kana kuti kusava nako hakurevi chinhu, anotsanangura kudaro Pauro, asi kutenda kunoshanda kupfurikidza norudo ndiko kunokosha. Mutemo wose unozadzikwa mukutaura, kwokuti: “Ude wokwako sezvaunozvida iwe.” Rambai muchifamba nomudzimu, nokuti “kana muchitungamirirwa noMweya, hamusi pasi pomurayiro.” Pamusoro pamabasa enyama, Pauro anofanonyevera kuti “vanoita zvakadai havangadyi nhaka youshe hwaMwari.” Mumhesano yakajeka, iye anorondedzera zvibereko zvomudzimu, izvo zvisina mutemo unorwisana nazvo, uye anowedzera, kuti: “Kana tichirarama noMweya, ngatifambewo noMweya” ndokubvisa kuzvikudza negodo.—5:14, 18, 21, 25.
13. Mutemo waKristu unozadzikwa sei, uye chii chiri cheitiro hanya huru?
13 Kana mumwe munhu akaita nhano yakaipa asati aziva nezvayo, avo vakakwaniriswa mumudzimu vanofanira kuedza kumudzorera no“mwoyo wounyoro.” VaKristu vanozadzika mutemo waKristu kupfurikidza nokutakura mitwaro yomumwe nomumwe, asi mumwe nomumwe anofanira kutakura mutoro wake amene mukubvumikisa chiri basa rake amene. Munhu achakohwa maererano nezvaanodyara, kuora kunobva munyama kana kuti zvimwe upenyu husingaperi hunobva mumudzimu. Avo vanoda kuti vaGaratia vadzingiswe vanongoda bedzi kufadza vanhu ndokudzivisa chitambudzo. Chinhu cheitiro hanya huru, hakusi kudzingiswa kana kuti kusadzingiswa, asi chisiko chitsva. Rugare nengoni zvichava pana vose vanofamba nenzira ine nhevedzano maererano nouyu murayiro womufambiro, kunyange pamusoro pa“vaIsraeri vaMwari.”—6:1, 16.
CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA
14. Pauro anogadzira vatariri muenzanisoi?
14 Tsamba kuvaGaratia inozivisa Pauro somutambudzi anoparadza uyo akava muapostora akasvinura kumarudzi, akagadzirira nguva dzose kurwira fariro dzehama dzake. (1:13-16, 23; 5:7-12) Pauro akaratidza kupfurikidza nomuenzaniso kuti mutariri anofanira kuita chiito nokukurumidza kuti atarisire zvinetso, achikurira kurangarira kwenhema kupfurikidza nomufungo noRugwaro.—1:6-9; 3:1-6.
15. Tsamba yacho yakabetsera sei kuungano dzeGaratia, uye inhungamiroi yainogovera nokuda kwavaKristu nhasi?
15 Tsamba yacho yakanga ichibetsera kuungano dzaiva muGaratia mukusimbisa nenzira yakajeka rusununguko rwavo muna Kristu nokuzvidza vashatisi vamashoko akanaka. Yakajekesa kuti munhu anoruramiswa kupfurikidza nokutenda uye kuti kudzingiswa hakuchisiri madikanwa kuti munhu awane ruponeso. (2:16; 3:8; 5:6) Kupfurikidza nokuisa parutivi mitsaukano yakadaro yenyama, kwakabatira kubatanidza muJudha noWamarudzi muungano imwe. Rusununguko paMutemo rwakanga rusati ruchifanira kubatira sesundo nokuda kwezvishuvo zvenyama, nokuti nheyo yakanga ichiri kushanda, inoti: “Ude wokwako sezvaunozvida iwe.” Inopfuurira kushanda senhungamiro kuvaKristu nhasi.—5:14.
16. Itsananguroi dzinovaka kutenda dzaMagwaro echiHebheru dzinowanwa mubhuku raVaGaratia?
16 Tsamba yaPauro yakabetsera vaGaratia pamapfundo akawanda edzidziso, ichishandisa Magwaro echiHebheru nokuda kwemienzaniso ine simba. Yakapa kududzirwa kwakafuridzirwa kwaIsaya 54:1-6, ichizivisa mukadzi waJehovha se“Jerusarema riri kumusoro.” Yakatsanangura “zvinofananidzira” zvaHagari naSara, ichiratidza kuti vadyi venhaka vezvipikirwa zvaMwari ndeavo vakasunungurwa naKristu uye kwete avo vanoramba vari muusungwa kuMutemo. (VaG. 4:21-26; Gen. 16:1-4, 15; 21:1-3, 8-13) Yakatsanangura nenzira yakajeka kuti sungano yoMutemo haina kuita kuti sungano yaAbrahama isashande asi yakawedzerwa kwairi. Yakaonesawo kuti nhambo yenguva iri pakati pokuitwa kwesungano mbiri yakanga iri makore 430, iyo inokosha mukuverenga nguva kweBhaibheri. (VaG. 3:17, 18, 23, 24) Chinyorwa chezvinhu izvozvi chakachengetwa nokuda kwokuvakwa kwokutenda kwechiKristu nhasi.
17. (a) Bhuku raVaGaratia rinozivisa chii chinokosha? (b) Izanoi rakaisvonaka rinopiwa kuvadyi venhaka voUmambo navashandi pamwe navo?
17 Chinokosha zvikurusa, bhuku raVaGaratia rinozivisa nenzira yakajeka Mbeu yoUmambo, iyo vaporofita vose vaikarira. “Zvino zvipikirwa zvakataurwa kuna Abrahama nokumbeu yake . . . iyo iri Kristu.” Avo vanova vanakomana vaMwari kupfurikidza nokutenda muna Kristu Jesu vanoratidzwa kuva vanogamuchirwa kukuva iyi mbeu. “Kana muri vaKristu, muri chaizvoizvo mbeu yaAbrahama, vadyi venhaka maererano nechipikirwa.” (3:16, 29, NW) Zano rakaisvonaka rinopiwa mubhuku raVaGaratia rinofanira kuteererwa naava vadyi venhaka voUmambo naavo vanoshanda navo: ‘Mirai zvakasimba murusununguko urwo Kristu akakusunungurai nokuda kwarwo!’ ‘Musarega kuita zviri zvakaisvonaka, nokuti munguva yakafanira tichakohwa kana tisinganeti.’ ‘Itai zvakanaka, zvikurukuru kuavo vane ukama nesu mukutenda.’—5:1; 6:9, 10.
18. Inyeveroi yokupedzisira ine simba nezano zvinopiwa mubhuku raVaGaratia?
18 Pakupedzisira, kune nyevero ine simba yokuti avo vanoita mabasa enyama “havangadyi nhaka youshe hwaMwari.” Vose, ipapoka, ngavabve chose chose mutsvina yenyika nekakavadzano ndokuisa mwoyo yavo chose chose pakubereka zvibereko zvomudzimu, izvo zviri “rudo, nomufaro, norugare, nomwoyo murefu, nomwoyo munyoro, nokunaka, nokutendeka, nounyoro, nokuzvidzora.”—5:19-23.