Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 49—VaEfeso

Munyori: Pauro

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Roma

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Munenge muna 60–61 C.E.

1. Pauro akanyora tsamba kuvaEfeso rini uye mumamirirei ezvinhu?

FUNGIDZIRA kuti uri mutorongo. Urimo nemhaka yokutambudzwa nokuda kwomubato wako wokushingaira somufundisi wechiKristu. Zvino zvausingachagonizve kufamba ndokushanyira ungano kuti udzisimbise, chii chauchaita? Haugoni kunyora tsamba kuavo vakava vaKristu kupfurikidza nebasa rako rokuparidza here? Zvimwe havasi kushamisika kuti wakadini here, uye zvichida havasi kuda kurudziro here? Chokwadika vari kudaro! Naizvozvo unovamba kunyora. Zvino uri kuita chaizvoizvo izvo muapostora Pauro akaita apo akaiswa mutorongo muRoma nguva yokutanga, munenge muna 59-61 C.E. Akanga akwirira kuna Kesari, uye kunyange zvazvo akanga achimirira kutongwa uye akachengetwa, akanga ane rusununguko nokuda kwomubato wakati. Pauro akanyora tsamba yake “KuVaEfeso” ari muRoma, zvimwe 60 kana kuti 61 C.E., uye akaitumira naTikiko, uyo akaperekedzwa naOnesimo.—VaEf. 6:21; VaK. 4:7-9.

2, 3. Chii chinobvumikisa zvakasimba kuva munyori kwaPauro uye, panguva imwe cheteyo, kuva mundaza yamanyoro matsvene anogamuchirwa kwetsamba yaVaEfeso?

² Pauro anozvizivisa amene somunyori mushoko rokutanga rimene uye kana anonongedzera kana kuti kurereudzira ngwariro kwaari amene so“musungwa munaShe.” (VaEf. 1:1; 3:1, 13; 4:1; 6:20) Nharo pamusoro pokunyora kwaPauro hadzina kubetsera. Chester Beatty Papyrus Nha. 2 (P⁴⁶), inodavirwa kuva yakavambira munenge muna 200 C.E., ine mapeji 86 akabva mukodhekisi ine tsamba dzaPauro. Pakati padzo pane tsamba kuvaEfeso, kuchidarozvo kuratidza kuti yakarongwa pakati petsamba dzake panguva iyoyo.

³ Vanyori vapakuvamba vezvorudzidziso vanosimbisa kuti Pauro akanyora tsamba yacho uye kuti yakanga iri yo“KuvaEfeso.” Somuenzaniso, Irenaeus, wezana ramakore rechipiri C.E., akanokora mashoko VaEfeso 5:30 sezvinotevera, kuti: “Sokutaura kunoita Pauro akakomborerwa mutsamba kuvaEfeso, kuti tiri mitezo yomuviri wake.” Clement weAlexandria, wenhambo imwe cheteyo, akanokora mashoko VaEfeso 5:21 mukushuma, kuti: “Ndokusakawo, mutsamba kuvaEfeso achinyora kuti, Zviisei mumwe pasi pomumwe muchitya Mwari.” Origen, achinyora muhafu yokutanga yezana ramakore rechitatu C.E., akanokora mashoko VaEfeso 1:4 mukuti: “Asiwo muapostora mutsamba kuvaEfeso, anoshandisa mutauro mumwe chetewo apo anotaura kuti, Ndiani akatisarudza nyika isati yavambwa.”a Eusebius, chimwe chiremera panhau yapakuvamba yechiKristu (munenge muna 260-342 C.E.), anobatanidza VaEfeso mundaza yamanyoro matsvene eBhaibheri, uye vamwe vanyori vakawanda zvikurusa vorudzidziso vapakuvamba vanoita nongedzero kuna VaEfeso sorutivi rwaMagwaro akafuridzirwa.b

4. Chii chakatungamirira vamwe kufungidzira kuti tsamba kuVaEfeso yakanyorerwa kune imwe nzvimbowo zvayo, asi ufakazii hunotsigira Efeso sekwayaienda?

⁴ Chester Beatty Papyrus, Vatican Manuscript Nha. 1209, uye Sinaitic Manuscript anosiya mashoko okuti “muEfeso” muganhuro 1, ndima 1, uye nokudaro haaratidziri kwaienda tsamba yacho. Iri idi, pamwe chete nokusavapo kwekwaziso kuvanhu vamwe navamwe muEfeso (kunyange zvazvo Pauro akanga ashanda imomo kwamakore matatu), kwakatungamirira vamwe kufungidzira kuti tsamba yacho ingave yakanyorerwa kune imwe nzvimbowo zvayo kana kuti zvichida ingave yaiva tsamba inotenderedzwa kuungano muAsia Minor, kubatanidza Efeso. Zvisinei, mamwe manyoro akawanda zvikurusa anobatanidza mashoko okuti “muEfeso,” uye sezvatacherekedza pamusoro apa, vanyori vapakuvamba vorudzidziso vakaigamuchira setsamba kuvaEfeso.

5. Chii chakanga chichikosha pamusoro peEfeso yezuva raPauro?

⁵ Mashoko emamirire ezvinhu ekare achatibetsera kunzwisisa chinangwa cheiyi tsamba. Muzana rokutanga ramakore reNguva yedu yaVose, Efeso yakanga yakakurumbira nokuda kwouroyi hwayo, mashiripiti, uzivi hwenyeredzi, uye kunamatwa kwamwarikadzi woruzvaro Dhiana.c Makapoteredza mufananidzo wamwarikadzi, makanga mavakwa tembere yakaisvonaka iyo yairangarirwa sechimwe chezvishamiso zvinomwe zvenyika yakare. Maererano nokucherwa kwenzvimbo yacho muzana ramakore rechi19, tembere yacho yakavakwa pachikuva chaiva nemamita anenge 73 kufara uye mamita 127 kureba. Tembere imene yakanga ine mamita anenge 50 kufara uye mamita 105 kureba. Yaiva nezvikamu 100 zvamabwe anobwinya, chimwe nechimwe chine mamita anenge 17 muurefu. Denga racho rakanga rakafukidzwa namataira emabwe makuru anobwinya. Ndarama inotaurwa kuve yaishandiswa panzvimbo pedhaka pakati pepaibatanidzwa mabhuroko amabwe anobwinya. Tembere yacho yaikwezva vashanyi vanobva mupasi rose, uye vashanyi vane mazana ezviuru vaidirana ndokupinda muguta mukati memitambo. Nyanzvi dzokugadzira zvinhu zvesirivha dzeEfeso dzakaita bhizimisi rinobudirira dzichitengesa nzvimbo dzokunamatira dzesirivha dzaDhiana kuvanofamba rwendo rutsvene sezviyeuchidzo.

6. Mubato waPauro muEfeso wakanga wakakura zvakadini?

⁶ Pauro akanga amira muEfeso parwendo rwake rwechipiri rwoufundisi nokuda kweshanyo pfupi yokuparidza uye ipapo akasiya Akwira naPrisira imomo kuti vapfuuridzire basa racho. (Mabasa 18:18-21) Akadzokera parwendo rwake rwechitatu rwoufundisi ndokugara kwemakore anenge matatu, achiparidza nokudzidzisa “Nzira” kune vakawanda. (Mabasa 19:8-10; 20:31) Pauro akashanda zvakaoma apo akanga ari muEfeso. Mubhuku rake rinonzi Daily Life in Bible Times, A. E. Bailey anonyora, kuti: “Muitiro wenguva dzose waPauro wakanga uri wokushanda pabasa rake kubvira pakubuda kwezuva kusvikira na11 a.m. (Mabasa 20:34, 35) pari panguva apo Tyrannus akanga apedza kudzidzisa kwake; ipapo kubvira na11 a.m. kusvikira na4 p.m. kuparidza muhoro, kuita misangano navabetseri, . . . ipapo pakupedzisira kutsvaka tsigiro yavamwe kwapaimba neimba kwouevhangeri uko kwakapfuurira kubvira na4 p.m. kusvikira pakati pousiku. (Mabasa 20:20, 21, 31) Munhu anoshamisika kuti aiwana kupi nguva yokudya nokurara.”—1943, peji 308.

7. Chii chakabva mukuparidza kwokushingaira kwaPauro?

⁷ Muuku kuparidza kwokushingaira, Pauro akafumura kushandiswa kwemifananidzo mukunamata. Ikoku kwakanyandura kutsamwa kwaavo vaiigadzira nokuitengesa, vakadai senyanzvi yokugadzira zvinhu zvesirivha Dhemetrio, uye mukunyanduka kwacho pakupedzisira Pauro aifanira kubva muguta racho.—Mabasa 19:23–20:1.

8. Tsamba yaPauro kuvaEfeso yakanga yakakodzera nguva zvikurusa mumapfundoi?

⁸ Zvino, ari mutorongo, Pauro ari kufunga nezvezvinetso zvakatarisana neungano yeEfeso, yakapoteredzwa navanamati vechihedheni uye iri pedyo netembere inotyisa yaDhiana. Ava vaKristu vakazodzwa pasina panikiro vaida muenzaniso wakakodzera uyo zvino Pauro anovapa, achiratidza kuti vanoumba “tembere tsvene,” umo Jehovha anogara kupfurikidza nomudzimu wake. (VaEf. 2:21) “Zvakavanzika” zviri kuziviswa kuvaEfeso, pamusoro poudzori hwaMwari (nzira yake yokutarisira nayo zvinhu zvomumba make) uhwo aizodzorera kupfurikidza nahwo chinzwano norugare kupfurikidza naJesu Kristu, nenzira isingapanikirwi zvakanga zviri sundo huru nenyaradzo kwavari. (1:9, 10) Pauro anosimbisa umwe hwomuJudha noWamarudzi muna Kristu. Anokurudzira umwe, chinzwano. Nokudaro, tinogona zvino kunzwisisa chinangwa, ukoshi, uye kufuridzirwa kuri pachena kweiri bhuku.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAVAEFESO

9. Mwari akaita sei kuti rudo rwake ruwande, uye ndoupi uri munyengetero waPauro?

⁹ Chinangwa chaMwari chokuparira chinzwano kupfurikidza naKristu (1:1–2:22). Pauro muapostora anotumira kwaziso. Mwari anofanira kurumbidzwa nokuda kwomutsa wake usakafanirwa une mbiri. Iwoyu une chokuita nokuvasarudza Kwake kuti vave muumwe naJesu Kristu, uyo vane kusunungurwa kupfurikidza naye norudzikinuro kupfurikidza neropa rake. Kupfuurirazve, Mwari akaita kuti rudo rwake ruwande kwavari kupfurikidza nokuzivisa chakavanzika chinoyera chokuda kwake. Nokuti akaita udzori chinangwa, kuti “aunganidze muna Kristu zvose,” uyo vakagoverwawo muumwe naye savadyi venhaka. (1:10) Sorubatso rwaikoku pachine nguva mberi, vakaiswa chisimbiso kupfurikidza nomudzimu mutsvene. Munyengetero waPauro ndewokuti vagopwiswa zvakasimba nezvetariro yavakadanirwa kwairi ndokuziva kuti Mwari achashandisa simba rimwe chetero kwavari izvo Iye akaita mukumutsa Kristu nomukumuisa pamusoro zvikuru pehurumende iri yose nechiremera nokumuita Musoro pazvinhu zvose kuungano.

10. VaEfeso vazova sei “vohwo pamwe chete navatsvene”?

¹⁰ Mwari, muukuru hwengoni dzake norudo rwake rukuru, akavararamisa, kunyange zvazvo vakanga vakafa mukudarika kwavo nezvivi, uye akavagarisa “kudenga pamwe chete naye muna Kristu Jesu.” (2:6) Ikoku kwose kuri nemhaka yomutsa usakafanirwa nokutenda uye hakusati kuri mugumisiro wamabasa api naapi avo vamene. Kristu ndiye rugare rwavo uyo akapwanya rusvingo, Mutemo wemirayiro, urwo rwakanga rwadzivisa Vamarudzi kuvaJudha. Zvino marudzi ose ari maviri anosvika kuna Baba kupfurikidza naKristu. Naizvozvo vaEfeso havachisiri vaenzi, asi “vohwo pamwe chete navatsvene” uye vari kukura kuva tembere tsvene yokuti Jehovha agare kupfurikidza nomudzimu.—2:19.

11. Ndezvipi zviri “zvakavanzika,” uye Pauro anonyengeterera vaEfeso nokuda kwechii?

¹¹ “Zvakavanzika zvaKristu” (3:1-21). Mwari zvino akazivisa kuvaapostora vake vatsvene navaporofita “zvakavanzika zvaKristu . . . zvokuti: Vahedheni vadyi venhaka pamwe chete nesu, nemitezo yomuviri pamwe chete nesu, vakagoverwawo pamwe chete nesu chipikirwa muna Kristu Jesu neEvhangeri.” (3:4, 6) Kupfurikidza nomutsa usakafanirwa waMwari, Pauro azova mushumiri waikoku, kuti azivise pfuma isingayerwi yaKristu nokuita kuti vanhu vaone kuti chakavanzika chinoyera chinodzorwa sei. Uchenjeri hune mhatsa zvikuru kwazvo hwaMwari hunoziviswa kupfurikidza neungano. Nemhaka yaikoku, Pauro anonyengetera kuti vagosimbiswa nesimba kupfurikidza nomudzimu waMwari kuti vagoziva zvizere rudo rwaKristu, urwo rwunopfuura zivo, uye kuziva kuti Mwari anogona “kuita zvikuru kwazvo zvinopfuura zvose zvatinokumbira kana zvatinofunga.”—3:20.

12. (a) VaKristu vanofanira kufamba sei, uye neiko? (b) Kristu akapa zvipoi, uye nokuda kwechinangwai? (c) Chii chinobatanidzwa mukupfeka “[unhu hutsva, NW]”?

¹² Kupfeka “[unhu hutsva, NW]” (4:1–5:20). VaKristu vanofanira kufamba nenzira yakafanira kudanwa kwavo, nendangariro inozvininipisa, mumwoyo murefu norudo, uye muchisungo chinobatanidza chorugare. Nokuti kune mudzimu mumwe bedzi, tariro imwe, kutenda kumwe, uye “Mwari mumwe, naBaba vavose, uri pamusoro pavose, unobata navose, uri mukati mavose.” (4:6) Naizvozvo Kristu, “Ishe mumwe,” akapa vaporofita, vaevhangeri, vafudzi, uye vadzidzisi, “kuti vatsvene vakwanisirwe basa ravo rokushumira, nerokuvaka muviri waKristu.” Naizvozvo, anonyora kudaro Pauro, “tireve zvokwadi murudo, tigokura maari pazvose, iye Kristu, Musoro,” somuviri wakasanobatanidzwa nomutezo uri wose uchibatira pamwe. (4:5, 12, 15) Nzira dzounzenza, dzisingabetseri, uye dzokusaziva dzounhu hwekare dzinofanira kubviswa; munhu mumwe nomumwe anofanira kuitwa mutsva musimba rinonyandura ndangariro yake ndoku“pfeka unhu hutsva, hwakasikwa maererano nokuda kwaMwari mukururama kwechokwadi noruvimbiko.” Nemhaka yokuti vose ndevomumwe nomumwe, vanofanira kutaura chokwadi ndokubvisa kutsamwa, kuba, kutaura kwakashata, shungu—vasingachemedzi mudzimu mutsvene waMwari. Panzvimbo pezvo, ngavave ‘vane mutsa kune mumwe nomumwe, vanonzwira tsitsi nenzira younyoro, vanokanganwirana norusununguko, sezvo Mwariwo kupfurikidza naKristu akavakanganwira norusununguko.’—4:24, 32.

13. Kuti ave mutevedzeri waMwari, munhu anofanira kuitei?

¹³ Vose vanofanira kuva vatevedzeri vaMwari. Ufeve, kusachena, uye makaro hazvifaniri kunyange kududzwa pakati pavo, nokuti avo vanoita zvinhu zvakadaro havana nhaka muUmambo. Pauro anorayira vaEfeso, kuti: “Fambai savana vechiedza.” “Chenjerai kwazvo” pakufamba kwenyu, muchitenga nguva yakafanira, “nokuti mazuva akaipa.” Hungu, vanofanira kuti va“zive kuda kwaShe” ndokutaura pamusoro pekurumbidza Mwari nenzira yokuonga.—5:8, 15-17.

14. Ndeapi ari mabasa omumwe kune mumwe avarume navadzimai?

¹⁴ Kuzviisa pasi kwakafanira; hondo yechiKristu (5:21–6:24). Vadzimai vanofanira kuzviisa pasi pavarume, kunyange sezvo ungano ichizviisa pasi paKristu, uye varume vanofanira kupfuurira kuda vadzimai vavo, “Kristu sezvaakadawo kereke.” Nenzira yakafanana, “mukadzi ngaatye murume wake.”—5:25, 33.

15. Chii icho Pauro anopa zano pamusoro pavana navabereki, varanda navatenzi, uye nhumbi dzokurwa nadzo dzomuKristu?

¹⁵ Vana vanofanira kugara nechinzwano navabereki, vachiteerera nokugamuchira chirango choumwari. Varanda navatenzi vanofanirawo kuzvibata vamene kuti vave vanofadza Mwari, nokuti Tenzi wavose “uri kudenga; haatendi zvinoonekwa zvomunhu.” Pakupedzisira, vose nga“[vave] nesimba munaShe, nomusimba rake guru,” vachipfeka nhumbi dzakakwana dzokurwa nadzo dzaMwari kuti vagokwanisa kumira vakasimba mukurwisana naDhiyabhorosi. “Pamusoro paizvozvi makatora nhovo huru yokutenda,” uyewo “munondo woMweya, iro Shoko raMwari.” Pfuurirai kunyengetera, uye rambai makamuka. Pauro anokumbira kuti vamunyengetererewo, kuti norusununguko rwose rwokutaura ago“[zivisa chakavanzika chinoyera chamashoko akanaka, NW].”—6:9, 10, 16, 17, 19.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

16. Mibvunzoi inowana mhinduro inoshanda muna VaEfeso, uye chii chinotaurwa pamusoro pounhu hunofadza Mwari?

¹⁶ Tsamba kuvaEfeso inobata runodokuva rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwomuKristu. Nemhaka yewedzero yomuzuva razvino uno yezvinetso zvinotambudza nousindimari munyika, zano raPauro rakanaka, rinoshanda nderebetsero chaiyoiyo kuavo vanoshuva kurarama upenyu hwoumwari. Vana vanofanira kuzvibata vamene sei kuvabereki, uye vabereki kuvana? Ndeapi ari mabasa omurume kumudzimai wake, uye omudzimai kumurume wake? Vanhu vamwe navamwe vari muungano vanofanira kuitei kuti vachengete chinzwano norudo murucheno rwechiKristu pakati penyika yakaipa? Zano raPauro rinofukidza mibvunzo yose iyoyi, uye anopfuurira kuratidza zvinobatanidzwa mukupfeka unhu hutsva hwechiKristu. Kupfurikidza nokufunda VaEfeso, vose vachakwanisa kuwana nzwisiso chaiyoiyo yorudzi rwounhu hunofadza Mwari uye uhwo hwaka“sikwa maererano nokuda kwaMwari mukururama kwechokwadi noruvimbiko.”—4:24-32, NW; 6:1-4; 5:3-5, 15-20, 22-33.

17. Tsamba yaVaEfeso inoratidzei pamusoro pebatira pamwe negadziriro dziri muungano?

¹⁷ Tsamba yacho inoratidzawo chinangwa chokugadza uye migove muungano. Ikoku “kuti vatsvene vakwanisirwe basa ravo rokushumira, nerokuvaka muviri waKristu,” kuchirangarirwa ukuru mumudzimu. Kupfurikidza nokubatira pamwe zvizere muidzi gadziriro dzeungano, muKristu anogona kuti “murudo, [a]gokura maari pazvose, iye Kristu, Musoro.”—4:12, 15.

18. Chii chinojekeswa pamusoro pe“zvakavanzika” netembere yomudzimu?

¹⁸ Tsamba kuvaEfeso yakabetsera zvikuru kwazvo ungano yapakuvamba mukukudza kunzwisisa kwavo “zvakavanzika zvaKristu.” Pano kwakajekeswa kuti pamwe chete navaJudha vanotenda, “vahedheni” vakanga vari kudanwa kuti vave “vadyi venhaka pamwe chete nesu, nemitezo yomuviri vakagoverwawo . . . chipikirwa muna Kristu Jesu neEvhangeri.” Rusvingo rwokukamuranisa, “murayiro wezvakarayirwa,” uyo wakanga waparadzanisa Wamarudzi nomuJudha rwakanga rwaparadzwa, uye zvino kupfurikidza neropa raKristu, vose vakanga vava vagari vemo biyavo vavatsvene nemitezo yemhuri yaMwari. Mukusiyana kunoshamisa netembere yechihedheni yaDhiana, ava vakanga vari kuvakwa pamwe chete muumwe naKristu Jesu kuva nzvimbo yaMwari yokugara kupfurikidza nomudzimu—“tembere tsvene munaShe.”—3:4, 6; 2:15, 21.

19. Itariroi nekurudziro izvo tsamba yaVaEfeso inopfuurira kupa kusvikira kuzuva rino?

¹⁹ Pamusoro pe“zvakavanzika,” Pauro akataurawo nezvo“kuti afambise . . . aunganidze muna Kristu zvose zviri kudenga [avo vakasarudzwa kuva muUmambo hwokudenga], nezviri pasi [avo vaizogara pasi pano munzvimbo yoUmambo].” Nokudaro chinangwa chikuru chaMwari chokudzorera rugare nechinzwano chinotanhamariswa. Muna ikoku Pauro akanyengeterera vaEfeso, vane maziso emwoyo akanga avhenekerwa, kuti vagonzwisisa zvizere tariro iyo Mwari akanga avadanira kwairi ndokuona “fuma yokubwinya kwenhaka yake pakati pavatsvene.” Aya mashoko anofanira kuva akavakurudzira zvikuru kwazvo mutariro yavo. Uye tsamba yakafuridzirwa kuvaEfeso inopfuurira kuva inovaka kuungano muzuva rino, kuti ‘muchinhu chiri chose tigozadzwa nokuzara kwose uko Mwari anopa.’—1:9-11, 18; 3:19.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]