Chitsauko 4
Kumuka Nokuwa kweChifananidzo Chikuru
1. Nei tichifanira kufarira mamiriro ezvinhu akamuka makore gumi pashure pokunge Mambo Nebhukadhinezari atora Dhanieri nevamwe kuenda kuutapwa?
MAKORE gumi apfuura kubva pakaunzwa Dhanieri pamwe ne“vakuru venyika” yeJudha senhapwa kuBhabhironi naMambo Nebhukadhinezari. (2 Madzimambo 24:15) Jaya Dhanieri riri kushanda muushe hwamambo panomuka chimwe chinhu chine ngozi. Nei izvi zvichifanira kutifadza? Nokuti nzira iyo Jehovha Mwari anopindira nayo munhau yacho haingoponesi upenyu hwaDhanieri nevamwe chete asi inotiratidzawo kutevedzana kwemasimba enyika euprofita hweBhaibheri kusvika kunguva dzedu.
MUMWE MAMBO ANOTARISANA NECHINETSO CHAKAOMA
2. Nebhukadhinezari akava nehope dzake dzouprofita rini?
2 “Negore rechipiri rokubata ushe kwaNebhukadhinezari,” akanyora kudaro muprofita Dhanieri, “Nebhukadhinezari wakarota hope; mweya wake ukatambudzika, hope dzake dzikatiza.” (Dhanieri 2:1) Akarota akanga ari Nebhukadhinezari, mambo weUmambo hweBhabhironi. Akanga avamba kutonga nyika yose muna 607 B.C.E. apo Jehovha Mwari akamubvumira kuparadza Jerusarema netemberi yaro. Mugore rechipiri rokutonga kwaNebhukadhinezari somutongi wenyika yose (606/605 B.C.E.), Mwari akamutumira hope dzinotyisa.
3. Ndivanaani vakakundikana kududzira chiroto chamambo, uye Nebhukadhinezari akaita sei?
3 Hope idzi dzakatambudza Nebhukadhinezari zvikuru kwazvo zvokuti akatadza kurara. Somunhuwo, akanga achida kwazvo kuziva zvadzaireva. Asi mambo ane simba akanga akanganwa hope dzacho! Naizvozvo akaunganidza vemashiripiti, n’anga, nevaroyi veBhabhironi ndokurayira kuti varondedzere hope dzacho nokudzidudzira. Basa racho vakaritadza. Kutadza kwavo kwakatsamwisa Nebhukadhinezari zvokuti akarayira kuti “vachenjeri vose veBhabhironi vaurawe.” Murayiro uyu waizomisa muprofita Dhanieri pamberi pomuurayi akanga agadzwa. Nemhaka yei? Nemhaka yokuti iye neshamwari dzake nhatu dzechiHebheru—Hanania, Mishaeri, naAzaria—vaiverengwa savamwe vevachenjeri veBhabhironi.—Dhanieri 2:2-14.
DHANIERI ANOVANUNURA
4. (a) Dhanieri akaziva sei zvakarotwa naNebhukadhinezari nezvazvaireva? (b) Dhanieri akataura kuti chii achionga Jehovha Mwari?
4 Pashure pokuziva chakaitisa Nebhukadhinezari murayiro wehasha, “Dhanieri akapinda kuna mambo, akakumbira kwaari, kuti amutarire nguva, azivise mambo kududzirwa kwazvo.” Izvi zvakabvumwa. Dhanieri akadzokera kumba kwake, uye iye neshamwari dzake nhatu dzechiHebheru vakanyengetera, vachikumbira “nyasha kuna Mwari wokudenga pamusoro pechinhu ichi chakavanzika.” Muchiono usiku ihwohwo chaihwo, Jehovha akaratidza Dhanieri chairehwa nehope dzacho. Achionga Dhanieri akati: “Zita raMwari ngariongwe nokusingaperi-peri nokuti uchenjeri hwake nesimba zvinogara nokusingaperi, nokuti uchenjeri nesimba ndezvake. Ndiye unoshandura nguva nenhambo; ndiye unobvisa madzimambo, nokugadza madzimambo; ndiye unopa vakachenjera uchenjeri, navane njere zivo; ndiye unozivisa zvinhu zvakadzika nezvakavanzika; ndiye unoziva zviri murima; chiedza chinogara kwaari.” Nokuda kwenzwisiso yakadaro Dhanieri akarumbidza Jehovha.—Dhanieri 2:15-23.
5. (a) Paakanga ari pamberi pamambo, Dhanieri akakudza Jehovha sei? (b) Nei zvakatsanangurwa naDhanieri zvichikosha kwatiri nhasi?
5 Zuva rakatevera racho, Dhanieri akaenda kuna Arioki, mukuru wevarindi vamambo, akanga agadzwa kuti auraye varume vakachenjera veBhabhironi. Paakaziva kuti Dhanieri aigona kududzira hope dzacho, Arioki akamhanya naye kuna mambo. Asingazvikudzi, Dhanieri akaudza Nebhukadhinezari kuti: “Kudenga kuna Mwari unozivisa zvakavanzika; ndiye wakazivisa mambo Nebhukadhinezari zvichazovapo pamazuva okupedzisira.” Dhanieri akanga agadzirira kuzivisa kwete nguva yemberi yeUmambo hweBhabhironi chete asiwo kurondedzera zviitiko zvenyika yose kubva kuzuva raNebhukadhinezari kusvika kunguva yedu nokupfuura.—Dhanieri 2:24-30.
HOPE—DZINOYEUKWA
6, 7. Dhanieri akayeuchidza mambo hope dzipi?
6 Nebhukadhinezari akanyatsoteerera Dhanieri sezvaaitsanangura kuti: “Imi mambo makatarira, mukaona chifananidzo chikuru. Chifananidzo ichi, chaiva chikuru kwazvo, chaiva nokubwinya kwakaisvonaka, chakanga chimire pamberi penyu; chakanga chichityisa pakuonekwa kwacho. Kana chiri chifananidzo ichi, musoro wacho wakanga uri wendarama yakaisvonaka, chifuva chacho namaoko acho zvakanga zviri zvesirivha, dumbu racho nezvi[dya] zvacho zvakanga zviri zvendarira, makumbo acho akanga ari edare, uye tsoka dzacho dzaiti pamwe dare pamwe ivhu. Makaramba muchitarira kusvikira muchiona ibwe richivezwa, asi zvisingaitwi namaoko omunhu, rakarova chifananidzo patsoka dzacho dzaiva dzedare nevhu, rikadziputsa-putsa. Ipapo dare nevhu nendarira nesirivha nendarama zvakaputsanyiwa pamwe chete, zvikafanana nehundi iri pamapuriro nenguva yezhezha; zvikatorwa nemhepo, zvikasawanirwa nzvimbo; asi ibwe, rakanga rarova chifananidzo, rakazoita gomo guru, rikazadza pasi pose.”—Dhanieri 2:31-35.
7 Nebhukadhinezari anofanira kuva akafara sei kunzwa Dhanieri achidonongodza hope dzacho! Asi chimbomira! Varume vakachenjera veBhabhironi vacharega kuurawa bedzi kana Dhanieri akadudzirawo hope dzacho. Achizvimirira neshamwari dzake nhatu dzechiHebheru akazivisa kuti: “Ndizvo zvamakarota zvino tichazvidudzira pamberi pamambo.”—Dhanieri 2:36.
UMAMBO HWAKASIYANA NOHUMWE
8. (a) Dhanieri akadudzira kuti musoro wendarama ndiani kana kuti chii? (b) Musoro wendarama wakavapo rini?
8 “Imi mambo muri mambo wamadzimambo, makapiwa naMwari wokudenga ushe noumambo nesimba nokubwinya; pose panogara vana vavanhu, wakaisa paruoko rwenyu mhuka dzebundo neshiri dzokudenga, akakuitai mubati wazvo zvose; imi ndimi musoro wendarama.” (Dhanieri 2:37, 38) Mashoko aya akashanda kuna Nebhukadhinezari pashure pokunge ashandiswa naJehovha kuparadza Jerusarema, muna 607 B.C.E. Izvi zvakadaro nokuti madzimambo aigadzwa muJerusarema aibva mudzinza raDhavhidhi, mambo akazodzwa waJehovha. Jerusarema rakanga riri guta guru reJudha, umambo hwaifananidzira hwaMwari hwaimirira uchangamire hwaJehovha pasi pano. Nokuparadzwa kweguta iroro muna 607 B.C.E., umambo hwokufananidzira uhwu hwaMwari hwakatsakatika. (1 Makoronike 29:23; 2 Makoronike 36:17-21) Masimba enyika aitevedzana aimirirwa namativi esimbi echifananidzo zvino aigona kutonga nyika asingadzongonyedzwi neumambo hwokufananidzira hwaMwari. Somusoro wendarama, simbi inokosha zvikurusa yaizivikanwa kare, Nebhukadhinezari akanga asiyaniswa nokupidigura umambo ihwohwo nokuparadza Jerusarema.—Ona “Mambo Murwi Anovaka Umambo,” papeji 63.
9. Chii chaimirirwa nomusoro wendarama?
9 Nebhukadhinezari uyo akatonga kwemakore 43, akatungamirira imba youmambo yaitonga Umambo hweBhabhironi. Vaibatanidza mukuwasha wake Nabonidus nomwanakomana wake mukuru, Evhiri-merodhaki. Imba youmambo iyoyo yakapfuurira kwemamwe makore 43, kusvika parufu rwomwanakomana waNabonidus Bhershazari, muna 539 B.C.E. (2 Madzimambo 25:27; Dhanieri 5:30) Naizvozvo musoro wendarama wechifananidzo chomuhope waisamirira Nebhukadhinezari chete asi dzinza rose rokutonga reBhabhironi.
10. (a) Hope dzaNebhukadhinezari dzakaratidza sei kuti Simba reNyika reBhabhironi raisazogara? (b) Muprofita Isaya akafanotaurei pamusoro peaizokunda Bhabhironi? (c) Medhia nePersia dzaive dzakaderera paBhabhironi pakudii?
10 Dhanieri akaudza Nebhukadhinezari kuti: “Shure kwenyu humwe ushe huchamuka huduku kwamuri.” (Dhanieri 2:39) Umambo hwaifananidzirwa nechipfuva nemaoko zvesirivha zvechifananidzo hwaizogara panzvimbo yeimba youmambo yaNebhukadhinezari. Pachine makore 200, Isaya akanga afanotaura nezvoumambo uhwu, achipa kunyange zita ramambo wahwo anokunda—Koreshi. (Isaya 13:1-17; 21:2-9; 44:24–45:7, 13) Uhwu hwakanga huri Umambo hweMedhia nePersia. Kunyange zvazvo vaMedhia nevaPersia vakaumba nyika yakabudirira yakanga isina kuderera pane yeUmambo hweBhabhironi, umambo uhwu hwakazotevera hunomirirwa nesirivha, simbi yakaderera kana ichienzaniswa nendarama. Hwakanga hwakaderera pane Simba reNyika reBhabhironi pakuti hwakanga husina chinosiyanisa chokupidigura Judha, umambo hwaMwari hwokufananidzira, neguta rahwo guru raiva paJerusarema.
11. Imba youmambo yaNebhukadhinezari yakaguma kuvapo rini?
11 Anenge makore 60 adudzira hope dziya, Dhanieri akaona kuguma kweimba youmambo yaNebhukadhinezari. Dhanieri akanga aripo usiku hwa5/6 October, 539 B.C.E., apo hondo yevaMedhia nevaPersia yakatora Bhabhironi rairatidza serisingapindiki ndokuuraya Mambo Bhershazari. Pakafa Bhershazari, musoro wendarama wechifananidzo chemuhope—Umambo hweBhabhironi—wakaguma kuvapo.
NHAPWA DZINOSUNUNGURWA NOHUMWE UMAMBO
12. Ko mutemo wakabudiswa naKoreshi muna 537 B.C.E. wakabetsera nhapwa dzechiJudha sei?
12 VaMedhia nevaPersia vakatsiva Umambo hweBhabhironi sesimba rinotonga renyika muna 539 B.C.E. Paakanga ave nemakore 62, Dhariusi muMedhia akava mutongi wokutanga weguta reBhabhironi rakakundwa. (Dhanieri 5:30, 31) Kwenguva duku, iye naKoreshi muPersia vakatonga pamwe Umambo hweMedhia nePersia. Pakafa Dhariusi, Koreshi akava mutungamiriri weUmambo hwePersia ari oga. KuvaJudha vaiva muBhabhironi, kutonga kwaKoreshi kwakareva kusunungurwa muusungwa. Muna 537 B.C.E., Koreshi akabudisa murayiro waibvumira nhapwa dzechiJudha muBhabhironi kudzokera kunyika yokumusha kwadzo kunovakazve Jerusarema netemberi yaJehovha. Zvisinei, umambo hwaMwari hwokufananidzira, hauna kugadzwazve munyika yeJudha nemuJerusarema.—2 Makoronike 36:22, 23; Ezra 1:1–2:2a.
13. Chipfuva chesirivha nemaoko zvechifananidzo chehope dzaNebhukadhinezari zvaimirirei?
13 Chipfuva nemaoko zvesirivha zvechifananidzo chomuhope zvaifananidzira dzinza remadzimambo ePersia kuvambira pana Koreshi Mukuru. Imba youmambo iyoyo yakagara kwemakore anopfuura 200. Koreshi anofungidzirwa kuti akafa ari mubishi rehondo muna 530 B.C.E. Pamadzimambo 12 akamutevera pachigaro choUmambo hwePersia, vanenge vaviri vakabata vanhu vakasanangurwa naJehovha zvakanaka. Mumwe wacho akanga ari Dhariusi I (muPersia), uye mumwe wacho akanga ari Artashasta I.
14, 15. Dhariusi Mukuru naArtashasta I vakabetsera vaJudha nei?
14 Dhariusi I akanga ari wechitatu mudzinza remadzimambo ePersia pashure paKoreshi Mukuru. Vaviri vokutanga vaive Cambyses II nemunun’una wake Bardiya (kana kuti zvimwe akanga ari Gaumata aiedzesera kuva Mupristi). Pakasvika nguva apo Dhariusi I, anonziwo Dhariusi Mukuru, akakwira pachigaro muna 521 B.C.E., basa rokuvakazve temberi muJerusarema rakanga risingabvumidzwi. Paakawana gwaro raiva nomurayiro waKoreshi munzvimbo inochengeterwa zvekare yeEcbatana, Dhariusi haana kungopa mvumo chete muna 520 B.C.E. Akapawo mari yomuhomwe youmambo yokuvakazve temberi.—Ezra 6:1-12.
15 Mutongi wePersia akatevera mukubetsera vaJudha kuedza kuvakazve akanga ari Artashasta I, uyo akatsiva baba vake Ahasuerosi (Xerxes I) muna 475 B.C.E. Artashasta akatumidzwa zita rokuti Longimanus nemhaka yokuti ruoko rwake rworudyi rwakanga rwakareba kupfuura rworuboshwe. Mugore rechi20 rokutonga kwake, muna 455 B.C.E., akapa mudiri wake wechiJudha Nehemia basa rokuva gavhuna wenyika yeJudha uye kuti avakezve masvingo eJerusarema. Chiito ichi chakaratidza mavambo ‘evhiki dzine makumi manomwe dzemakore’ dzinorondedzerwa muchitsauko chechipfumbamwe chebhuku raDhanieri nokugadza musi wokuoneka nowokufa kwaMesiya, kana kuti Kristu, Jesu weNazareta.—Dhanieri 9:24-27; Nehemia 1:1; 2:1-18.
16. Simba reNyika reMedhia nePersia rakaguma rini uye namambo upi?
16 Wokupedzisira wemadzimambo matanhatu aizotevera Artashasta I pachigaro choUmambo hwePersia akanga ari Dhariusi III. Kutonga kwake kwakaguma kamwe kamwe muna 331 B.C.E. paakakundwa zvakaipisisa naAlexander Mukuru paGaugamela, pedyo neNinevhe yekare. Kukundwa uku kwakagumisa Simba reNyika reMedhia nePersia sezvaifananidzirwa namativi esirivha echifananidzo chehope dzaNebhukadhinezari. Simba raizotevera raiva rakakwirira mune dzimwe nzira, asi rakaderera mune dzimwe. Izvi zvinova pachena sezvatinoteerera Dhanieri achiwedzera kududzira hope dzaNebhukadhinezari.
UMAMBO—HUKURU ASI HWAKADERERA
17-19. (a) Dumbu nezvidya zvendarira zvaimirira simba renyika ripi, uye umambo hwaro hwakanga hwakakura sei? (b) Ndiani aiva Alexander III? (c) Ko chiGiriki chakazosvika sei pakuva mutauro wenyika yose, uye wakanga wakakodzera chii zvikuru?
17 Dhanieri akaudza Nebhukadhinezari kuti dumbu nezvidya zvechifananidzo chikuru zvaimirira humwe “ushe hwechitatu hwendarira h[waizo]bata panyika yose.” (Dhanieri 2:32, 39) Umambo hwechitatu uhwu hwaizotevera Bhabhironi uye Medhia nePersia. Sezvo ndarira yakaderera pane sirivha, iri simba renyika idzva raizova rakaderera pane Medhia nePersia mukuti raisazokudzwa neropafadzo yakadai seyokusunungura vanhu vaJehovha. Zvisinei, umambo hwakaita sendarira hwaizo“bata panyika yose,” zvichiratidza kuti hwaizova ukuru kupfuura Bhabhironi uye Medhia nePersia. Ko zvakaitika chaizvo zvinopupurirei pamusoro pesimba renyika iri?
18 Nguva duku agara nhaka chigaro cheMakedhonia muna 336 B.C.E. ane makore 20, Alexander III aida mukurumbira akavamba bishi rokukunda nyika. Nemhaka yokubudirira kwake muhondo, akasvika pakunzi Alexander Mukuru. Achikunda imwe hondo pashure peimwe, akaramba achipinda muumambo hwePersia. Paakakunda Dhariusi III muhondo yepaGaugamela muna 331 B.C.E., Umambo hwePersia hwakavamba kuwa uye Alexander akasimbisa Girisi sesimba renyika idzva.
19 Akunda paGaugamela, Alexander akapfuurira kunotora maguta makuru ePersia anoti Bhabhironi, Susa, Persepolis, uye Ecbatana. Achidzora Umambo hwePersia hwose akawedzera kukunda kwake achipinda kumadokero kweIndia. Nyika dzaitongwa neGirisi dzakavapo munyika dzainge dzakundwa. Saka mutauro wechiGiriki netsika zvakapararira munyika dzacho dzose. Umambo hweGirisi, chaizvoizvo, hwakava hukuru kupfuura humwe hwose hwakanga hwatanga. Sezvakanga zvafanotaurwa naDhanieri, umambo hwendarira ‘hwakatonga nyika yose.’ Chimwe chakaguma chaitika ndechokuti chiGiriki (Koine) chakava mutauro wenyika yose. Nemhaka yokugona kwawo kunyatsotaura zvakarurama, wakava wakakodzera zvikuru kunyora Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki uye kuparadzira mashoko akanaka oUmambo hwaMwari.
20. Chii chakazoitika kuUmambo hweGirisi pashure porufu rwaAlexander Mukuru?
20 Alexander Mukuru akangogara makore masere bedzi ari mutongi wenyika. Kunyange zvazvo akanga ari muduku, Alexander akanga ave nemakore 32 akarwara pashure pomutambo ndokubva afa chinguva pashure paizvozvo musi wa13 June, 323 B.C.E. Pashure penguva yakati, umambo hwake hukuru hwakapatsanurwa kuva matunhu mana, rimwe nerimwe rawo richitongwa nomumwe wevatungamiriri vemauto ake. Saka muumambo humwe hukuru makabuda umambo huna hwakazopedzisira hwamedzwa neUmambo hweRoma. Simba renyika rakaita sendarira rakangopfuurira kusvikira muna 30 B.C.E. bedzi apo hwokupedzisira hweumambo huna uhwu—imba youmambo yaPtolemy yaitonga muEgipita—pakupedzisira hwakazokundwa neRoma.
UMAMBO HUNOPUTSA NOKUPWANYA
21. Dhanieri akarondedzera sei “umambo hwechina”?
21 Dhanieri akapfuurira kutsanangura chifananidzo chehope chacho achiti: “Ushe hwechina [pashure peBhabhironi, Medhia nePersia, uye Girisi] huchava nesimba sedare, sezvinoita dare rinoputsanya nokuparadza zvose; saizvozvo huchaputsanya nokupwanya.” (Dhanieri 2:40) Musimba rahwo nokukwanisa kuputsa, simba renyika iri raizoita sedare—hwakasimba kupfuura umambo hwaimirirwa nendarama, sirivha, kana kuti ndarira. Umambo hweRoma hwakanga huri simba rakadaro.
22. Umambo hweRoma hwakanga hwakaita sedare sei?
22 Roma yakaputsa nokupwanya Umambo hweGirisi ndokumedza zvisaririra zvemasimba enyika eMedhia nePersia uye eBhabhironi. Husingaremekedzi Umambo hwaMwari hwakaziviswa naJesu Kristu, hwakamuurayira padanda rokutambudzikira muna 33 C.E. Ichiedza kupwanya chiKristu chechokwadi, Roma yakatambudza vadzidzi vaJesu. Uyezve, vaRoma vakaparadza Jerusarema netemberi yaro muna 70 C.E.
23, 24. Mukuwedzera kuUmambo hweRoma, makumbo echifananidzo anofananidzirei?
23 Makumbo edare echifananidzo chehope dzaNebhukadhinezari aisafananidzira Umambo bedzi hweRoma asiwo kukura kwahwo mune zvematongerwe enyika. Funga nezvemashoko aya akanyorwa pana Zvakazarurwa 17:10 okuti: “Ndiwo madzimambo manomwe; vashanu vawa, mumwe uripo, mumwe ugere kusvika; kana achisvika, unofanira kugara chinguva chiduku.” Apo muapostora Johane akanyora mashoko aya, akanga akaiswa muutapwa nevaRoma, pachitsuwa chePatmosi. Madzimambo mashanu akanga awa, kana kuti masimba enyika, aiva Egipita, Asiria, Bhabhironi, Medhia nePersia, uye Girisi. Rechitanhatu—Umambo hweRoma—hwakanga huchiri kutonga. Asi ihwo hwaizofanirawo kuwa, uye mambo wechinomwe aizomuka kubva muimwe yenyika dzakanga dzapambwa neRoma. Simba renyika iri raizova ripi?
24 Britain yaichimbova rutivi rweUmambo hweRoma hwekumusoro kwakadziva kumadokero. Asi pakazosvika gore ra1763, yakanga yava Umambo hweBritain—Britain yaitonga makungwa manomwe. Pakazosvika 1776 nyika dzayo 13 dzeAmerica dzakanga dzazivisa rusununguko rwadzo kuitira kuti dziumbe United States of America. Mumakore akatevera acho, zvisinei, Britain neUnited States zvakave shamwari muhondo nomurugare. Saka, mubatanidzwa weBritain neAmerica wakavapo sesimba renyika rechinomwe reuprofita hweBhaibheri. Kufanana noUmambo hweRoma, hwaratidza kuva “nesimba sedare,” huchishandisa simba rakaita sedare. Makumbo edare echifananidzo chehope nokudaro anobatanidza Umambo hweRoma nesimba renyika romubatanidzwa reBritain neAmerica.
MUVENGANISWA USINGATANI KUPUTSIKA
25. Dhanieri akati chii pamusoro petsoka nezvigunwe zvechifananidzo?
25 Dhanieri akatevera kuudza Nebhukadhinezari kuti: “Zvamakaona tsoka nezvigunwe, zvakaitwa pamwe nevhu romuumbi wehari, pamwe nedare, huchava ushe hwakaganhurwa; asi simba redare richavamo, zvamakaona dare rakavhenganiswa nevhu rokuumba naro. Zvigunwe zvamakumbo zvazvakanga zvakaitwa pamwe nedare pamwe nevhu, saizvozvo ushe huchava pamwe nesimba, pamwe haungatani kuputsika. Uye zvamakaona dare rakavhenganiswa nevhu rokuumba naro, saizvozvo vachavhengana nemarudzi avanhu, asi havanganamatirani, sezvinoita dare risinganamatirani nevhu.”—Dhanieri 2:41-43.
26. Umambo hunoratidzirwa netsoka nezvigunwe hunozviratidza rini?
26 Kuteverana kwemasimba enyika kunomirirwa namativi akasiyana-siyana echifananidzo chomuhope dzaNebhukadhinezari kwakavamba nemusoro kukapfuurira kusvika kutsoka. Nenzira inonzwisisika, tsoka nezvigunwe zve“dare rakavhenganiswa nevhu” zvaizofananidzira kuratidzwa kwokupedzisira kwokutonga kwevanhu kwaizovapo mu“nguva yokupedzisira.”—Dhanieri 12:4.
27. (a) Tsoka nezvigunwe zvedare rakavhenganiswa nevhu zvinoratidzirei? (b) Chii chinofananidzirwa nezvigunwe gumi zvechifananidzo?
27 Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, Umambo hweBritain hwakanga huchitonga munhu mumwe pavanhu vana voga voga pasi pano. Humwe umambo hweEurope hwaidzora mamwe mamiriyoni. Asi Hondo yeNyika I yakaguma nokuumbwa kwemapoka emarudzi munzvimbo dzoumambo. Pashure peHondo yeNyika II, muitiro uyu wakawedzera. Sezvo urudzi hwakawedzerazve, nhamba yenyika dzaiva munyika yose yakawedzera zvikuru. Zvigunwe gumi zvinomirira masimba nehurumende dzose idzodzo dzinovapo panguva imwe nehurumende, nokuti muBhaibheri nhamba yechigumi pane dzimwe nguva inomirira kukwana kwezvinhu zvapasi.—Enzanisa naEksodho 34:28; Mateo 25:1; Zvakazarurwa 2:10.
28, 29. (a) Maererano naDhanieri, ivhu raimirirei? (b) Chii chatingataura pamusoro pomuvhenganiswa wedare nevhu?
28 Zvino zvatiri mu“nguva yokupedzisira,” tasvika kutsoka dzechifananidzo. Dzimwe hurumende dzinomirirwa netsoka dzechifananidzo nezvigunwe zvedare rakavhenganiswa nevhu rokuumbisa dzakaita sedare—dzechisimba kana kuti dzeudzvinyiriri. Dzimwe dzakaita sevhu. Pakudii? Dhanieri akabatanidza ivhu ne“marudzi avanhu.” (Dhanieri 2:43) Pasinei zvapo nokusatana kuputsika kwevhu, iro marudzi avanhu akaumbwa naro, kutonga kwekare kwakaita sedare kwakamanikidzwa kuramba kuchiteerera vanhuwo zvavo, vanoda kuti zvido zvavo zviitwe nehurumende dziri kuvatonga. (Jobho 10:9) Asi hapana kunamatirana kwekutonga kwechisimba nevanhuwo zvavo—kungofanana nedare nevhu zvisingagoni kubatana. Panguva yokuparara kwechifananidzo, zvechokwadi nyika ichaita umwanda mwanda mune zvematongerwe enyika!
29 Ko kuparadzana kwakaita tsoka nezvigunwe kuchaparira chifananidzo chacho chose kuparara here? Chii chichaitika kuchifananidzo?
MUGUMO UNOSHAMISA!
30. Rondedzera mugumo wehope dzaNebhukadhinezari.
30 Funga nezvomugumo wehope dzacho. Dhanieri akaudza mambo kuti: “Makaramba muchitarira kusvikira muchiona ibwe richivezwa, asi zvisingaitwi namaoko omunhu, rikarova chifananidzo patsoka dzacho dzaiva dzedare nevhu rikadziputsa-putsa. Ipapo dare nevhu nendarira nesirivha nendarama zvakaputsanyiwa pamwe chete, zvikafanana nehundi iri pamapuriro nenguva yezhezha; zvikatorwa nemhepo, zvikasawanirwa nzvimbo, asi ibwe, rakanga rarova chifananidzo, rakazoita gomo guru, rikazadza pasi pose.”—Dhanieri 2:34, 35.
31, 32. Chii chakafanotaurwa pamusoro porutivi rwokupedzisira rwehope dzaNebhukadhinezari?
31 Huchitsanangura uprofita hwacho hwakapfuurira kuti: “Zvino namazuva amadzimambo iwayo Mwari wokudenga uchamutsa ushe, husingatongozoparadzwi, uye simba rahwo haringapfuuri kune rumwe rudzi rwavanhu; asi ihwo huchaputsanya nokuparadza ushe uhwo hwose, ihwo huchamira nokusingaperi. Zvamakaona ibwe richivezwa mugomo, zvisingaitwi nemaoko avanhu, rikaputsa-putsa dare nendarira nevhu nesirivha nendarama, Mwari mukuru wakazivisa mambo zvichazoitwa pashure; kurota uku ndokwazvokwadi, nokududzirwa kwazvo ndokwazvokwadi.”—Dhanieri 2:44, 45.
32 Anzwisisa kuti akanga arangaridzwa ndokutsanangurirwa, hope dzake Nebhukadhinezari akabvuma kuti Mwari waDhanieri bedzi ndiye akanga ari “She wamadzimambo, noMuzivisi wezvakavanzika.” Mambo akapawo Dhanieri neshamwari dzake nhatu dzechiHebheru zvinzvimbo zvebasa guru. (Dhanieri 2:46-49) Zvisinei, ‘kududzira kwakavimbika’ kwaDhanieri kunorevei munguva dzazvino uno?
‘GOMO RINOZADZA PASI’
33. “Ibwe” rakavezwa kubva mu“gomo” rei, uye izvi zvakaitika rini uye sei?
33 Apo “nguva dzavahedheni” dzakaguma muna October 1914, “Mwari wokudenga” akagadza Umambo hwokudenga nokugadza Mwanakomana wake akazodzwa, Jesu Kristu, pachigaro choumambo sa“Mambo wamadzimambo, naShe wamadzishe.”a (Ruka 21:24; Zvakazarurwa 12:1-5; 19:16) Naizvozvo zvakaitika kuti nesimba raMwari, kwete nemaoko evanhu, Umambo hwaMesiya “ibwe” rakavezwa mu“gomo” reuchangamire hwaJehovha. Hurumende yokudenga iyi iri mumaoko aJesu Kristu, uyo Mwari akaita kuti ave asingafi. (VaRoma 6:9; 1 Timotio 6:15, 16) Saka uhwu “ushe . . . hwashe wedu, [Mwari] naKristu wake”—kuratidza kwaJehovha uchangamire hwake pose pose—hahusati huchizopfuudzwa kune mumwe munhu upi noupi. Huchagara nokusingaperi.—Zvakazarurwa 11:15.
34. Zvakaitika sei kuti Umambo hwaMwari hwakaberekwa “namazuva amadzimambo iwayo”?
34 Kuberekwa kweUmambo hwacho kwakaitika “namazuva amadzimambo iwayo.” (Dhanieri 2:44) Aya akanga asiri madzimambo aifananidzirwa nezvigunwe gumi zvechifananidzo chete asi naayowo aifananidzirwa namativi acho edare, endarira, esirivha, neendarama. Kunyange zvazvo umambo hweBhabhironi, hwePersia, hweGirisi, uye hweRoma hwakanga hwapfuura semasimba enyika, vakasara vahwo vakanga vachiripo muna 1914. Umambo hweTurkey panguva iyoyo huchidzora munyika yeBhabhironi, uye hurumende dzenyika dzaishanda muPersia (Iran) neGirisi neRoma, Italy.
35. “Ibwe” richarova chifananidzo rini, uye chifananidzo chichanyatsoparadzwa sei?
35 Umambo hwaMwari hwokudenga nokukurumidza hucharova chifananidzo chokufananidzira patsoka dzacho. Somugumisiro, umambo hwose hunomirirwa nacho huchaputswa-putswa, huchihuparadza. Zvechokwadi, pa“kurwa pazuva iro guru raMwari Wamasimba Ose,” “ibwe” iroro richakuya nesimba guru rokupwanya chifananidzo ichocho kuva upfu uye mhepo yechamhungwe chaMwari ichachitsvaira sehundi yepachipuriro. (Zvakazarurwa 16:14, 16) Ipapo, kufanana nedombo rakakura kuva gomo ndokuzadza pasi, Umambo hwaMwari huchava gomo rehurumende richadzora “pasi pose.”—Dhanieri 2:35.
36. Nei Umambo hwaMesiya huchigona kunzi ihurumende yakadzikama?
36 Kunyange zvazvo Umambo hwaMesiya huri hwokudenga, huchatambanudzira simba rahwo pasi pano kuti hukomborere vagari vepasi vose vanoteerera. Hurumende yakadzikama iyi ha“ingatongozoparadzwi” uye ha“ingapfuuri kune rumwe rudzi.” Kusafanana neumambo hwevatongi vevanhu vanofa, “ihwo huchamira nokusingaperi.” (Dhanieri 2:44) Dai ukavawo neropafadzo yokudzorwa nahwo nokusingagumi.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Ona chitsauko 6 chebhuku rino.
WANZWISISEI?
• Masimba api enyika anomirirwa namativi akasiyana-siyana echifananidzo chikuru chehope dzaNebhukadhinezari?
• Mamiriroi ezvinhu enyika anomirirwa netsoka nezvigunwe gumi zvedare rakavhenganiswa nevhu?
• “Ibwe” rakavezwa kubva mu“gomo” ripi uye rini?
• “Ibwe” richarova chifananidzo rini?
[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 63-67]
MAMBO MURWI ANOVAKA UMAMBO
NEVANJI weBhabhironi neuto rake vanoparadza mauto aFarao Neko paKarkemishi, muSiria. VaEgipita vakundwa vanotizira zasi vakananga kuEgipita, uye vaBhabhironi vanovatevera. Asi shoko rinobva Bhabhironi rinomanikidza muchinda ari kukunda kuti achirega kutevera. Shoko racho nderokuti baba vake, Nabopolassar, vafa. Achirayira vatungamiriri vemauto ake kudzoka nenhapwa nezvakapambwa, Nebhukadhinezari anodzokera nokukurumidza kumusha uye anotora chigaro chasiiwa nababa vake.
Nebhukadhinezari naizvozvo akagara pachigaro cheBhabhironi mugore ra624 B.C.E. uye akava mutongi wechipiri weUmambo hweBhabhironi hutsva. Mukutonga kwake kwemakore 43, akatora nyika dzakanga dzambotorwa neSimba reNyika reAsiria uye akawedzera umambo hwake achitora Siria kumusoro uye Parestina kumadokero achiburukira kumuganhu weEgipita.—Ona mepu.
Mugore rechina rokutonga kwake (620 B.C.E.), Nebhukadhinezari akaita kuti Judha ive nyika yaanotonga asimo. (2 Madzimambo 24:1) Makore matatu gare gare, kumukira kwavaJudha kwakaparira Jerusarema kukombwa neBhabhironi. Nebhukadhinezari akatora Jehoyakini, Dhanieri, nevamwe senhapwa achienda navo kuBhabhironi. Mambo akatakurawo mimwe yemidziyo yetemberi yaJehovha. Akaita babamunini vaJohoyakini, Zedhekia, mambo anotonga munyika yeJudha achimirira Bhabhironi.—2 Madzimambo 24:2-17; Dhanieri 1:6, 7.
Pave paya, Zedhekiawo akamukira, achikutsirana neEgipita. Nebhukadhinezari akakomba Jerusarema zvakare, uye muna 607 B.C.E., akapaza masvingo aro, akapisa temberi, ndokuparadza guta racho. Akauraya vana vaZedhekia vose, ndokuita Zedhekia bofu ndokumusunga, kuitira kuti aende naye kuBhabhironi ari musungwa. Nebhukadhinezari akatora vanhu vakawanda senhapwa ndokuenda nemidziyo yetemberi yakanga yasara kuBhabhironi. “Naizvozvo vaJudha vakatapwa panyika yavo.”—2 Madzimambo 24:18–25:21.
Nebhukadhinezari akakundawo Tire nokukomba guta racho—kukomba kwakapedza makore 13. Mukati mokukomba kwacho, misoro yemauto ake “yakasvotorwa” nokukweshwa nengowani dzavo, namapfudzi avo “akasvuuka” nokutakura zvinhu zvaishandiswa pakuvaka mubasa rokukomba. (Ezekieri 29:18) Pakupedzisira, Tire yakasimudza maoko kumauto eBhabhironi.
Mambo weBhabhironi sezviri pachena akanga ari murongi wehondo ane unyanzvi. Mamwe mabhuku, kunyanya anobva kuBhabhironi, anomurondedzerawo samambo akanga asina rusaruro. Kunyange zvazvo magwaro asingatauri zvakananga kuti Nebhukadhinezari akanga asingasaruri, muprofita Jeremia akataura kuti kunyange zvazvo Zedhekia akanga amukira, aizobatwa zvakanaka ‘kudai aizobuda kuenda kumachinda amambo weBhabhironi.’ (Jeremia 38:17, 18) Uye Jerusarema raparadzwa, Nebhukadhinezari akabata Jeremia noruremekedzo. Pamusoro paJeremia, mambo akarayira kuti: “Mumubate, mumuchengete zvakanaka, murege kumuitira chakaipa; asi mumuitire sezvaanotaura kwamuri.”—Jeremia 39:11, 12; 40:1-4.
Somutungamiriri, Nebhukadhinezari akakurumidza kuziva unhu nemano aDhanieri neshamwari dzake nhatu—Shadhiraki, Meshaki, naAbhedhinego—avo mazita avo echiHebheru aiva Hanania, Mishaeri, naAzaria. Naizvozvo mambo akavashandisa munzvimbo dzebasa rinokosha muumambo hwake.—Dhanieri 1:6, 7, 19-21; 2:49.
Kuzvipira kwaNebhukadhinezari muchitendero chake kwaienda kuna Marduk zvakanyanya, mwari mukuru weBhabhironi. Mambo aiti Marduk ndiye aimukundisa hondo dzake dzose. MuBhabhironi, akavaka ndokushongedza temberi dzaMarduk nevamwe vamwari veBhabhironi vakawanda. Chifananidzo chendarama chakamiswa mubani reDhura chingave chakanga chakatsaurirwa kuna Marduk. Uye Nebhukadhinezari anoratidzika seaivimba zvikuru nekushopera mukuronga mafambire ehondo yake.
Nebhukadhinezari akadadawo nokuvakazve Bhabhironi, guta guru kupfuura mamwe ose aiva nemasvingo repanguva iyoyo. Nokupedza masvingo makuru akapetwa kaviri eguta racho ayo baba vake vakanga vatanga kuvaka, Nebhukadhinezari akaita kuti guta guru racho riratidzike serisingapindiki. Mambo wacho akagadziridzawo muzinda mutsaru waiva pakati peguta racho ndokuvaka muzinda wemwaka wemadziya anenge makiromita maviri nehafu nechokumusoro. Kuti afadze mambokadzi wake weMedhia, uyo aishuva zvikomo nemasango zvokumusha kwake, Nebhukadhinezari anonzi akavaka mapindu airembera—anoverengwa sechimwe chezvishamiso zvinomwe zvenyika yekare.
“Ko iri harizi Bhabhironi, guta guru, randakavaka ini nesimba rangu guru, ndikurise umambo hwangu?” akazvikudza achidaro mambo wacho rimwe zuva sezvaakanga achifamba-famba zvake pamuzinda wake weBhabhironi. “Shoko iri rakanga richiri mumuromo wamambo,” akabva atanga kupenga. Akava asina kukodzera kutonga kwemakore manomwe, uye akadya uswa, sezvakanga zvafanotaurwa naDhanieri. Pakupera kwenguva iyoyo, umambo hwacho hwakadzorerwa kuna Nebhukadhinezari, uyo akatonga kusvika afa muna 582 B.C.E.—Dhanieri 4:30-36.
WANZWISISEI?
Chii chinogona kutaurwa nezvaNebhukadhinezari
• senyanzvi mukuronga zvehondo?
• semutungamiriri?
• semunamati waMarduk?
• semuvaki?
[Mepu]
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
UMAMBO HWEBHABHIRONI
GUNGWA DZVUKU
Jerusarema
Rwizi Yufratesi
Rwizi Tigirisi
Ninevhe
Susa
Bhabhironi
Uri
[Mufananidzo]
Bhabhironi, guta guru kupfuura mamwe ose raiva nemasvingo panguva yaro
[Mufananidzo]
Dhiragoni yaifananidzira Marduk
[Mufananidzo]
Mapindu airembera eBhabhironi akakurumbira
[Dhiagramu/Mifananidzo iri papeji 56]
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
MASIMBA ENYIKA OUPROFITA HWADHANIERI
Chifananidzo chikuru (Dhanieri 2:31-45)
BHABHIRONI kubva muna 607 B.C.E.
MEDHIA NEPERSIA kubva muna 539 B.C.E.
GIRISI kubva muna 331 B.C.E.
ROMA kubva muna 30 B.C.E.
SIMBA RENYIKA REBRITAIN NEAMERICA kubva muna 1763 C.E.
NYIKA ISINA KUBATANA munguva yomugumo
[Mufananidzo unozadza peji yose uri papeji 47]
[Mufananidzo unozadza peji yose uri papeji 58]