Upenyu pashure Porufu—Sei, Kupi, Rini?
MUSIKI womunhu noMupi Woupenyu anopa vimbiso yake yomunhu oga yokuti rufu rwavanhu harusati harwo ruchigumisa upenyu nokusingaperi. Kupfuurirazve, Mwari anotivimbisa kuti kunobvira kwete bedzi kurarama zvakare kweimwe nduramo youpenyu yakaganhurirwa asi kurarama nekariro yokusatongotarisana norufu zvakare! Muapostora Pauro akakutaura zvakajeka, bva nechivimbo, kuti: “[Mwari] akasimbisa shoko iro kuna vose, pakumumutsa [Kristu Jesu] kuvakafa.”—Mabasa 17:31.
Chokwadika, ikoku kuchiri kusiya mibvunzo mikuru mitatu isina kupindurwa: Munhu akafa anogona sei kuva mupenyu? Ikoku kuchaitika rini? Upenyu ihwohwo hutsva hunovapo kupi? Munyika yose, mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana dzakapiwa kumibvunzo iyi, asi chinokosha kukuziva chokwadi chenhau kunzwisisa nenzira yakarurama chinoitika kuvanhu panguva yorufu rwavo.
Kusafa Ndiyo Mhinduro Here?
Rudaviro rwunozivikanwa zvakapararira nderwokuti rutivi rwakati rwavanhu vose harufi uye kuti miviri yavo bedzi inofa. Zvirokwazvo wakanzwa kutaura kwakadaro. Urwu rutivi runotaurwa kuva rusingafi runonongedzerwa kwarwuri nenzira yakasiyana-siyana so“mweya” kana kuti “mudzimu.” Runotaurwa kuva runopukunyuka rufu rwomuviri ndokupfuurira kurarama kune imwe nzvimbo. Nenzira yakajeka, rudaviro rwakadaro harwuna kuvamba muBhaibheri. Chokwadi, vanhu vakare vechiHebheru vomuBhaibheri vaikarira upenyu pashure porufu, asi kwete kupfurikidza nokupukunyuka kworumwe rutivi rwavo rwusingafi. Ivo nenzira ine chivimbo vaikarira kuva vapenyu kwenguva yemberi pasi pano kupfurikidza nechishamiso chorumuko.
Tateguru Abrahama muenzaniso wakatanhamara womunhu akanga ane kutenda murumuko rwenguva yemberi rwavakafa. Ichirondedzera kudisa kwaAbrahama kupa mwanakomana wake Isaka muchibayiro, VaHebheru 11:17-19 inotiudza, kuti: “Nokutenda Abrahama, achiidzwa, wakabayira Isaka; . . . wakati Mwari unogona kumutsa munhu kunyange kuvakafa; ndipapowo, kana tichitaura nomufananidzo, paakamudzoserwa,” sezvo Mwari akanga asingadi kuti Isaka abayirwe. Achipupurirazve chitendero chapakuvamba pakati pavaIsraeri chokuti vaizova vapenyu zvakare panguva yapashure (panzvimbo pokuva nokupfuuridzirwa kwokukurumidza kwoupenyu munyika yemidzimu), muporofita Hosea akanyora, kuti: “Ndichavadzikinura pasimba reSheori, [guva ravose rorudzi rwomunhu] ndichavadzikinura parufu.”—Hosea 13:14.
Naizvozvo ndirini apo kusafa kwomuzvarirwo kwomunhu kwakapinda mukufunga nechitendero zvavaJudha? Encyclopaedia Judaica inobvuma kuti “dzidziso yokusafa kwomweya yakapinda muchiJudha zvimwe mupesvedzero yechiGiriki.” Kunyange zvakadaro, vaJudha vakazvipira kutozosvikira nguva yaKristu vakanga vachiri kudavira uye vaikarira rumuko rwomunguva yemberi. Tinogona kuona ikoku zvakajeka mukurukurirano yaJesu naMarta parufu rwehanzvadzi yake Razaro: “Marta akati kuna Jesu: Ishe, dai maiva pano, hanzvadzi yangu ingadai isina kufa. . . . Jesu akati kwaari: Hanzvadzi yako ichamukazve. Marta akati kwaari: Ndinoziva kuti uchamukazve pakumuka nezuva rokupedzisira.”—Johane 11:21-24.
Mugariro Wavakafa
Pano zvakare, hapana dikanwo yokufembera nhau yacho. Chokwadi cheBhaibheri chakapfava ndechokuti vakafa “vakavata,” havazivi chinhu, vasina murangariro chose chose kana kuti zivo. Chokwadi chakadaro hachipiwi nomutoo unonetsa, wakaoma kunzwisisa muBhaibheri. Rangarira aya magwaro ari nyore kunzwisisa: “Vapenyu vanoziva kuti vachazofa, asi vakafa havana chavanoziva, . . . Zvose zvinowana ruoko rwako, kuti ruzviite, uzviite nesimba rako rose; nokuti hakuna basa, kana zano, kana zivo, kana uchenjeri paSheori kwaunoenda.” (Muparidzi 9:5, 10) “Regai kuvimba namachinda, kana nomwanakomana womunhu, usingagoni kubatsira. Mweya wake unobuda, iye ndokudzokera pasi pake; nezuva iro mano ake anopera.”—Pisarema 146:3, 4.
Kunonzwisisika, ipapoka, chikonzero nei Jesu Kristu akanongedzera kurufu sokurara. Muapostora Johane anonyora kurukurirano pakati paJesu navadzidzi vake, kuti: “Akazoti kwavari: Razaro, hama yedu, wavata; asi ndinoenda, kuti ndimumutse pahope. Zvino vadzidzi vakati kwaari: Ishe, kana achivata, uchanaya. Jesu wakanga areva kufa kwake, asi ivo vakanga vachiti, unoreva kuvata hope. Ipapo Jesu akavaudza pachena: Razaro wafa.”—Johane 11:11-14.
Munhu Wacho Wose Anofa
Kufa kwomunhu kunobatanidza munhu wacho wose, kwete chete rufu rwomuviri. Maererano nokutaura kweBhaibheri kwakajeka, tinofanira kugumisa kuti munhu haana mweya usingafi uyo unogona kupukunyuka rufu rwomuviri wake. Magwaro anoratidzira zvakajeka kuti mweya unogona kufa. “Tarirai, mweya yose ndeyangu; mweya wababa ndowangu, saizvozvo nomweya womwanakomanawo; mweya unotadza, uchafa.” (Ezekieri 18:4) Hapana apo mashoko okuti “usingafi” kana kuti “kusafa” anotaurwa nezvawo seari omuzvarirwo orudzi rwomunhu.
New Catholic Encyclopedia inogovera urwu ruzivo rwunofadza pamashoko echiHebheru neechiGiriki anoshandurwa kuti “mweya” muBhaibheri: “Mweya muTY [Testamendi Yekare] ndinepeš, muTI [Testamendi Itsva] [psy·kheʹ]. . . . Nepeš rinobva mumavambo apakuvamba zvimwe anoreva kufema, uye nokudaro . . . sezvo chifemo chichisiyanisa vapenyu navakafa, nepeš rakasvika pakureva upenyu kana kuti umene kana kuti kungoti upenyu hwomunhu mumwe nomumwe. . . . Hapana kukamuraniswa [kukamura kuva mumativi maviri] kwomuviri nomweya muTY. MuIsraeri aiona zvinhu sezvazviri, mukuzara kwazvo, uye nokudaro akarangarira vanhu savanhu uye kwete samativi. Shoko rokuti nepeš, kunyange zvazvo richishandurwa neshoko redu rokuti mweya, haritongorevi mweya sowakasiyana nomuviri kana kuti munhu wacho chaiye. . . . Shoko rokuti [psy·kheʹ] ishoko romuTI rinowirirana nanepeš. Rinogona kureva mavambo oupenyu, upenyu humene, kana kuti munhu mupenyu.”
Unogona kuona nokudaro kuti panguva yorufu, munhu anga achimbova mupenyu, kana kuti mweya mupenyu, anorega kuvapo. Muviri unodzokera ku“guruva” kana kuti kuzvinhu zvapasi pashoma napashoma kupfurikidza nokuviga uye kuora pakupedzisira kana kuti zvimwe kukurumidziswa nokupisa. Jehovha akaudza Adhama, kuti: “Zvauri guruva, uchadzokerazve kuguruva.” (Genesi 3:19) Upenyu pashure porufu hunobvira sei, ipapoka? Nemhaka yokuti Mwari ane yeuko yake amene yomunhu akafa. Jehovha ane simba rinoshamisa namano zvokusika vanhu, naizvozvo hakufaniri kuva kunoshamisa kuti iye anogona kuchengeta chinyorwa chamararamire omunhu wacho. Hungu, kariro dzose dzokuti munhu iyeyo araramezve dzina Mwari.
Uyu ndiwo mufungo weshoko rokuti “mudzimu,” uyo unotaurwa nezvawo sounodzokera kuna Mwari wechokwadi uyo akaupa. Achirondedzera uyu mugumisiro, munyori akafuridzirwa webhuku raMuparidzi anotsanangura, kuti: “Ipapo guruva rinodzokera kuvhu sezvarakanga rakaita uye mudzimu unodzokera kuna Mwari akaupa.”—Muparidzi 12:7, NW.
Mwari bedzi anogona kuita kuti mumwe munhu ararame. Apo Mwari akasika munhu muEdheni ndokufuridzira mumhino dzake “mweya woupenyu,” mukuwedzera kukuzadza mapapu aAdhama nomweya, Jehovha akaparira simba roupenyu kuita kuti masero ose ave mapenyu mumuviri wake. (Genesi 2:7) Nemhaka yokuti iri simba roupenyu rinogona kupfuudzirwa kubva kuvabereki kuenda kuvana kupfurikidza nomuitiro wokunamba nokubereka, upenyu hwomunhu hunogona nenzira yakafanira kunzi hwakaparirwa naMwari kunyange zvakadaro, chokwadika, huchigamuchirwa kupfurikidza navabereki.
Rumuko—Nguva Inofadza
Rumuko harufaniri kuvhiringidzwa nokuberekwazve, uko kusingawani tsigiro muMagwaro Matsvene. Kuberekwazve rudaviro rwokuti pashure pokunge munhu afa, iye anoberekwazve mukuvapo kumwe kana kuti kwakawanda kunotevedzana. Ikoku kunotaurwa kunzi kunovapo pamwero wakakwirira kana kuti wakaderera wokuvapo kuchienzaniswa noupenyu hwomunhu hwekare, zvichitsamira pakuti chinyorwai chinofungidzirwa kuva chakaitwa mukati menduramo iyoyo yekare. Maererano neichi chitendero, munhu angava “anoberekwazve” somunhu kana kuti zvimwe semhuka. Ikoko kunopesana zvikuru neizvo Bhaibheri rinodzidzisa.
Shoko rokuti “rumuko” rinoshandurwa kubva mushoko rechiGiriki rokuti a·naʹsta·sis, iro rinoreva chaizvoizvo kuti “kusimukazve.” (Vashanduri vechiHebheru vechiGiriki vakashandura a·naʹsta·sis namashoko echiHebheru okuti techi·yathʹ ham·me·thimʹ, anoreva “kumuka kwavakafa.”) Rumuko runobatanidza kumutsidzira mararamire omunhu wacho, mararamire ayo Mwari akachengeta muyeuko yake. Maererano nokuda kwaMwari nokuda kwomunhu wacho, munhu wacho anodzorerwa mumuviri womunhu kana kuti zvimwe mumuviri womudzimu asi anochengeta kuzivikanwa kwake kwomunhu oga, achiva nounhu humwe chetehwo neyeuko sepaakafa.
Hungu, Bhaibheri rinotaura nezvamarudzi maviri orumuko. Rumwe rumuko rwokudenga nomuviri womudzimu; irworwu rwuri nokuda kwavashomanene zvikuru. Jesu Kristu akawana rumuko rwakadaro. (1 Petro 3:18) Uye akaratidzira kuti rwakadaro rwaizowanika navakasarudzwa vari pakati pavateveri vetsoka dzake, kutanga navaapostora vakatendeka, vaakapa chipikirwa, chokuti: “Ndinoenda kundokugadzirirai pokugara. . . . ndinozouyazve, ndikugamuchirei kwandiri; kuti apo pandiri, nemi mugovapowo.” (Johane 14:2, 3) Bhaibheri rinonongedzera kuna ikoku so“kumuka kwokutanga,” kwokutanga munguva nomunzvimbo. Magwaro anorondedzera avo vanonzarwozvo kumutsirwa kuupenyu hwokudenga savari vaprista vaMwari uye savanotonga samadzimambo naKristu Jesu. (Zvakazarurwa 20:6) Uku “kumuka kwokutanga” ndokwenhamba yakaganhurirwa, uye Magwaro amene anozivisa kuti vane 144 000 chete vachatorwa pakati pavarume navakadzi vakatendeka. Vachava vabvumikisa perero yavo kuna Jehovha Mwari naKristu Jesu kusvikira chaizvo kurufu rwavo, vachiva vaishingaira mukupupura kuvamwe pamusoro pokutenda kwavo.—Zvakazarurwa 14:1, 3, 4.
Pasina panikiro, kumuka kwavakafa inguva yomufarwa usina ganhuriro nokuda kwaavo vanomutsirwa kuupenyu hwomudenga. Asi mufarwa wacho haugumi ipapo, nokuti rwakapikirwawo rumuko kuupenyu pasi pano chaipo. Avo vanenge vamutswa vachakumbanira nhamba isina kuganhurirwa inopukunyuka mugumo wetsika yezvinhu yakaipa iripoyi. Pashure pokuona nhamba duku inokwanirisa nokuda kworumuko rwokudenga, muapostora Johane akapiwa chiono che“vazhinjizhinji vasingagoni kuverengwa nomunhu, vakabva kundudzi dzose, namarudzi, navanhu, nendimi.” Iyoyo ichava nguva inofadza zvakadini apo mamiriyoni, sezvinobvira mabhiriyoni, anova mapenyu pasi pano!—Zvakazarurwa 7:9, 16, 17.
Ruchava Rini?
Mufaro upi noupi nomufarwa waizova wechinguvana kudai vakafa vaidzoka kupasi rakazadzwa negakava, chishava, kushatiswa, uye masimba masimba—sezvakaita mamirire ezvinhu nhasi. Aiwa, rumuko runofanira kumirira kutangwa kwe“nyika itsva.” Fungidzira, nyika yakabviswa vanhu namapoka ayo kusvikira zvino anoratidzika kuva akatsunga kuparadza pasi uye kukanganisa runako rwaro rwakachena, tisingatauri hedu chinhu nezvenhamo isingatauriki yaakaunza pavagari vemo varo.—2 Petro 3:13; Zvakazarurwa 11:18.
Sezvinooneka, nguva yorumuko rwavose rworudzi rwomunhu ichiri mberi. Bva mashoko akanaka ndeokuti haisi kure zvikuru. Chokwadi, runofanira kumirira mugumo weiyi tsika yakaipa yezvinhu iripo. Zvisinei, ufakazi hwakawanda hunobvumikisa kuti nguva yokutanga kwo“kutambudzika kukuru” yava pedyo, ichiguma no“kurwa pazuva iro guru raMwari Wamasimba Ose”—rinonongedzerwa kwariri kazhinji kazhinji seArmagedhoni. (Mateo 24:3-14, 21; Zvakazarurwa 16:14, 16) Ikoku kuchaparira kubviswa kwouipi hwose panyika ino yakanaka, Pasi. Pashure paikoko kuchauya Kutonga Kwamakore Ane Chiuru kwaKristu Jesu, apo pasi richaitwa nenzira inofambira mberi mugariro weparadhiso.
Bhaibheri rinozivisa kuti mukati mouku kutonga Kwamakore Ane Chiuru, rumuko rwavanhu vakafa ruchaitika. Ipapo chichava chazadzikwa chipikirwa chaJesu chakaitwa paakanga ari pasi pano: “Musashamiswa naizvozvo; nokuti nguva inouya, nayo vose vari mumahwiro vachanzwa inzwi rake, vachabuda . . . kukumuka.”—Johane 5:28, 29.
Tapuro Yetariro Yorumuko
Iyi kariro yorumuko itariro yakaisvonaka zvakadini nokuda kwenguva yemberi—nguva apo vakafa vachava vapenyu! Kunotikurudzira sei sezvo tinotarisana nokuoma kwokukwegura, chirwere, ngwavaira norusuruvaro zvisingakarirwi, uye dzvinyiriro dzezuva riri rose nezvinetso zvoupenyu! Kunobvisa kurwadza kworufu—kusingabvisi kusuruvara chose chose asi kuchitiparadzanisa naavo vasina tariro yenguva yemberi. Muapostora Pauro akabvuma iyi tapuro inonyaradza yetariro yorumuko naaya mashoko: “Hama dzangu, hatidi kuti mushaiwe kuziva pamusoro pavavete, kuti murege kuchema savamwe vasina tariro. Nokuti kana tichitenda kuti Jesu wakafa, akamukazve, saizvozvowo avo vakavata muna Jesu, Mwari uchavauyisa pamwe chete naye.”—1 VaTesaronika 4:13, 14.
Tingava takatowana chokwadi chokumwe kutaura kwakaitwa nomurume wokuMabvazuva, Jobho: “Munhu anopera sechimwe chinhu chakaora, senguo inodyiwa namapembenene. Munhu akazvarwa nomukadzi ndowamazuva mashomanene uye akazara nenhamo. Iye anokura seruva ndokusvava; somumvuri wava kupera, iye haatsungiriri.” (Jobho 13:28–14:2, New International Version) Isuwo tinoziva nezvokusava nechokwadi kwoupenyu neidi rinotyisa rokuti “nguva nezvinoitika” zvinogona kuwira upi noupi wedu. (Muparidzi 9:11) Chokwadi, hapana mumwe wedu anofarikanya mufungo wokutarisana nokufa. Zvisinei, tariro yechokwadi yorumuko inobetsera kubvisa kutyiwa kukuru kwokufa.
Iva nechivimbo, ipapoka! Tarira seri kwokuvata kunobvira murufu kukuva mupenyu kupfurikidza nechishamiso chorumuko. Tarira nenzira ine chivimbo kariro youpenyu hwomunguva yemberi husina mugumo, uye wedzera kuna ikoku mufaro wokuziva kuti nguva yakakomborerwa yakadaro iri munguva yemberi iri pedyo.