“Imba yaDhavhidhi”—Iidi Here Kana Kuti Ingano?

DHAVHIDHI—mukomana mufudzi muduku akava muimbi, mudetembi, murwi, muporofita, uye mambo—akatanhamara zvikuru muBhaibheri. Zita rake rinodudzwa ka1 138; kutaura kwokuti “Imba yaDhavhidhi”—kazhinji kazhinji kuchinongedzera kumutsara woumambo waDhavhidhi—kunoshandiswa ka25. (1 Samueri 20:16) Mambo Dhavhidhi nemutsara wake woumambo vaingova bedzi ngano here? Sayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo inoratidzirei? Kuwanwa kunoshamisa kwemisi ichangobva kupfuuura panzvimbo yokuchera matongo paTel Dan kumaodzanyemba kweGarirea kunoshumwa kuva kunotsigira kuva wenhau kwaDhavhidhi nemutsara wake woumambo.

Muzhizha ra1993, boka renyanzvi dzezvinocherwa mumatongo, richitungamirirwa naPurofesa Avraham Biran, rakakura nzvimbo kunze kwesuo rokunze raDhani wakare. Vakawana nzvimbo yakagadzirwa yapakati yeguta. Dombo dema rebasalt raibuda muvhu rakabviswa zviri nyore. Apo dombo racho rakataridzwa kuzuva ramasikati, mabhii aro akaonekwa zvakajeka. “Haiwa, Mwari wangu, tine manyoro!” akakuwa kudaro Purofesa Biran.

Purofesa Biran nomubiyake, Purofesa Joseph Naveh weHebrew University muJerusarema, nokukurumidza vakanyora mushumo wesayenzi pamusoro porunyoro rwacho. Ichitsamira pauyu mushumo, nyaya mumagazini inonzi Biblical Archaeology Review, March/April 1994, inorava, kuti: “Hakasi kazhinji apo chiwanwa chezvinocherwa mumatongo chinova papeji yepamberi yeNew York Times (tisingatauri nezvemagazini yeTime). Asi ikoko ndiko kwakaitika muzhizha rapfuura kukuwanwa paTel Dan, chikomo chakaisvonaka kuchamhembe kweGarirea, mujinga meMt. Hermon parutivi pemanyuko emvura dzeRwizi rwaJoridhani.

“Ipapo Avraham Biran neboka rake renyanzvi dzezvinocherwa mumatongo vakawana runyoro rwomuzana ramakore rechipfumbamwe B.C.E. rwunonongedzera kuzvose zviri zviviri ‘Imba yaDhavhidhi’ uye kuna ‘Mambo waIsraeri.’ Iyi ndiyo nguva yokutanga iyo zita rokuti Dhavhidhi rakawanwa murunyoro rwupi norwupi rwakare kunze kweBhaibheri. Kuti runyoro rwacho rwunonongedzera kwete chete kuna ‘Dhavhidhi’ asi kuImba yaDhavhidhi, mutsara woumambo wamambo mukuru wechiIsraeri, kunotova kunoshamisa zvikuru.

“‘Mambo waIsraeri’ kutaura kunowanzowanwa muBhaibheri, zvikurukuru muBhuku raMadzimambo. Ikoku, zvisinei, kungava wedzero yekaresa yenongedzero dzeBhaibheri dzinoitwa kuna Israeri murugwaro rwechiJudha. Kana urwu rugwaro ruchibvumikisa chinhu chipi nechipi, runoratidza kuti vose vari vaviri Israeri naJudha, mukupesana nokutaura kwenyanzvi dzokutsoropodza Bhaibheri, hwakanga huri umambo hunokosha paiyi nguva.”

Musi wacho unovakirwa pachimiro chamabhii, kunzverwa kwezvinhu zvakaumbwa zvakawanwa pedyo nechimedu chedombo racho, uye zviri murunyoro rwacho. Mitoo yose iri mitatu inonongedzera kunhambo imwe cheteyo yenguva, zana ramakore rechipfumbamwe B.C.E., anenge makore anoti pfuurei zvishoma zana rimwe pashure paMambo Dhavhidhi. Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti runyoro rwacho rwakanga rwuri rutivi rwomufananidzo worukundo wakamiswa muDhani nomuvengi wevaAram wavose vari vaviri “Mambo waIsraeri” uye “[Mambo we]Imba yaDhavhidhi.” VaAram, avo vainamata mwari akakurumbira wedutu, Hadad, vaigara kumabvazuva.

Mukati mezhezha ra1994, zvimwe zvimedu zviviri zveiri dombo zvakawanwa. Purofesa Biran anoshuma, kuti: “Muizvi zvimedu zviviri mune zita ramwari wechiAram Hadad, pamwe chete nenongedzero kukurwa pakati pavaIsraeri navaAram.”

Chimedu chikuru chakawanwazve muna 1993 chakanga chine mitsetse 13 isinganyatsooneka yakanyorwa murunyoro rwechiHebheru chekare. Panguva iyoyo, madododo aishandiswa sezvokuparadzanisa mashoko kuti asiyanise mashoko murugwaro. Zvisinei, “Imba yaDhavhidhi” anonyorwa sebhii rimwe nemabhii “bytdwd” (achimirirwa mumabhii echiRoma) panzvimbo pa“byt” (imba), nekadododo, uye ipapo “dwd” (Dhavhidhi). Nenzira inonzwisisika, mibvunzo yakamutswa pamusoro pokutsanangurwa kwa“bytdwd.”

Nyanzvi yemitauro Purofesa Anson Rainey inotsanangura, kuti: “Joseph Naveh naAvraham Biran havana kutsanangura runyoro rwacho muudzame, zvichida nemhaka yokuti vakangorangarira kuti varavi vaizoziva kuti chinokamura mashoko pakati pezvinhu zviviri mukunyora kwakadaro kazhinji kazhiji kunosiyiwa, zvikurukuru kana mubatanidzwa wacho uri zita rakafanira rinosanozivikanwa. ‘Imba yaDhavhidhi’ zvirokwazvo rakanga riri zita rakafanira rezvematongerwe enyika uye renzvimbo pakati pezana ramakore rechipfumbamwe B.C.E.”

Chimwe Chipupuriro Chezvinocherwa Mumatongo

Pashure pokuwana ikoko, nyanzvi padombo reMesha stela (rinonziwo Dombo reMoabhi), Purofesa Andrè Lemaire, akashuma kuti rinonongedzerawo ku“Imba yaDhavhidhi.”a Mesha stela, yakawanikwa muna 1868, ine zvakafanana zvakawanda nedombo repaTel Dan. Ose ari maviri anosvika kuzana ramakore rechipfumbamwe B.C.E., ndeezvinhu zvimwe chetezvo, akafanana muukuru, uye akanyorwa murunodokuva runyoro rwakafanana rwechiJudha.

Nezvekugadzirwazve kutsva kwemutsetse wakakuvadzwa Mesha stela, Purofesa Lemaire akanyora, kuti: “Anodokusvika makore maviri kuwanwa kwechimedu cheTel Dan kusati kwaitika, ndakagumisa kuti Mesha stela ine nongedzero ku‘Imba yaDhavhidhi.’ . . . Chikonzero iyi nongedzero ku‘Imba yaDhavhidhi’ yakanga isina kutongocherekedzwa kare kungasanova nemhaka yeidi rokuti Mesha stela haina kutongova needitio princeps [chinyorwa chokutanga]. Iyoyo ndiyo yandiri kugadzira, makore 125 pashure pokuwanwa kweMesha stela.”

Mashoko akadaro ezvinocherwa mumatongo anofarirwa nemhaka yokuti ngirozi, Jesu amene, vadzidzi vake, uye vanhu vose zvavo vakapupurira kuva wenhau kwaDhavhidhi. (Mateo 1:1; 12:3; 21:9; Ruka 1:32; Mabasa 2:29) Zviwanwa zvezvinocherwa mumatongo sezvinooneka zvinobvuma kuti iye neimba yake youmambo, “Imba yaDhavhidhi,” iidi, kwete ngano.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 31]

Chimedu cheTel Dan,* chakawanwa muna 1993 paguta raDhani, kuchamhembe kweGarirea.

* Mufananidzo unovakirwa papikicha inooneka muIsrael Exploration Journal.