Ibwe reMoabhi—Rakaparadzwa Asi Harina Kurasika

IBWE reMoabhi, kana kuti reMesha, rakapunzwa namaune mukati megore rimwe rokuwanwa kwaro muna 1868. Iro rakanga ragara makore anodokusvika 3 000. Chidimbu chebasalt nhema yakaporichwa ina pamusoro pakanyatsourungwa, rakanga rakareba masendimita 112, rakafara masendimita 71, uye rakanga rakakora masendimita 36. Nguva yakati pashure pokunge rapunzwa, zvidimbu 2 nezviduku 18 zvakawanwa, asi chikamu chimwe chezvitatu chebwe racho chakarasika zvokusawanwa.

Chiumbwa chechienzi chakadaro chakadokurasika sei nokusingaperi? Uye chinokosha sei kuvadzidzi veBhaibheri?

Fariro Nokusavimba

F. A. Klein akanga ari muEurope wokutanga nowokupedzisira kuona ibwe racho riri mumugariro waro wokusapunzika. Rakanga riri pakati pamatongo eDibon kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGungwa Rakafa. Iye akaita mifananidzo yechinguvana yamativi orunyoro rwemitsetse 34 mukati momucheto waro wakakwidzwa uye, pakudzokera kuJerusarema, akashuma kuwana kwacho kumukuru wake wePrussia. Runyoro rwacho rwakakurumidza kuzivikanwa sorwePhoenicia uye ukoshi hwaro hwakazivikanwa. Royal Museum of Berlin yakakwidza mari yokutenga ibwe racho, asi nokukurumidza mamwe masangano anofarira akanga achirikwikwidzirana. Vaziviswa ukoshi hwomutengo wavo, vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo vakarivanza ndokukwidza mutengo waro kusvikira kuukuru husingadaviriki.

Mumwe mucheri wamatongo weFrance akakwanisa kuwana pepa nyoro rinotsikirirwa kuti ridhindike manyoro acho, asi nemhaka yokuti pepa nyoro raifanira kubviswa risati raoma, kudhindika kwacho kwakanga kusingadoravika. Munguvayo, mirairo yakabva Dhamasko yokuti vaBedouin vape ibwe ravo kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende. Panzvimbo pokuwirirana, vaBedouin vakasarudza kuriparadza. Naizvozvo ivo vakabatidza mwoto pachisarira chinokosha ndokuridira varidirazve nemvura. Apo ibwe racho rakatsemuka, zvisaririra zvakakurumidza kuparadzirwa pakati pemhuri dzomunzvimbomo kuti zviiswe mumatura avo, sezvinooneka kuti vave nechokwadi chechikomborero chezvirimwa zvavo. Yakanga iriwo nzira yakanakisisa yokuti vanhu vamwe navamwe vataure nayo somunhu oga kutengeswa kwezvisarira zvakapararira.

Nhau yeBhaibheri Inova Mhenyu

Neyamuro yepurasita nokutsikirira mapepa kukudza zvidimbu zvakanga zvatengwa, runyoro rwapabwe pakupedzisira rwakawanwa. Apo rugwaro rwakazara rwakaziviswa, nyanzvi dzakakatyamadzwa. Ibwe rakanyorwa rakare rakarondedzerwa panguva yacho se“chidimbu chikuru chebwe chinoshamisa zvikurusa chisati chambowanwa.”

Mambo Mesha waMoabhi akamisira Ibwe reMoabhi mwari wake Kemoshi kuti achengete kupunza kwaMesha Umambo hwaIsraeri, uhwo, iye anoti, hwakanga hwagara makore 40 uye hwakabvumirwa naKemoshi nemhaka yokuti iye akanga “akatsamwira nyika yake.” Uku kumukira kwaMoabhi kunowanzorangarirwa kuva kune chokuita nezvinoitika zvakanyorwa muganhuro yechitatu ya 2 Madzimambo. Pamufananidzo wacho, Mesha anodada nezvokuva worudzidziso zvikuru, nokuvaka maguta nomumigwagwa, uye nokuwana rukundo pana Israeri. Muna ikoku, iye anopa mbiri yose kuna mwari wake Kemoshi. Kukunda kwaMesha nechibairo chomwanakomana wake amene—zvinoshumwa neBhaibheri—zviri seizvo munhu aizokarira, zvinobviswa muurwu runyoro rwokuzvirumbidza.

Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakarongwa naMesha senzvimbo dzaakatapa dzinodudzwa muBhaibheri, pakati padzo Medhebha, Ataroti, Nebho, uye Jahazi. Nokudaro, ibwe racho rinotsigira ururami hwenhauro dzeBhaibheri. Kwakatanhamara, zvisinei, kushandisa kwaMesha Tetragiramatoni, YHWH, zita raMwari waIsraeri, mumutsetse wechi 18 wechinyorwa chacho. Ipapo Mesha anovhaira, achiti: “Ndakabvisa ikoko [Nebho] [midziyo] yaYahweh, ndichiizvuzvurudzira pamberi paKemoshi.” Kunze kweBhaibheri, ichochi zvimwe ndicho chinyorwa chapakuvamba zvikurusa chokushandiswa kwezita roumwari.

Muna 1873 Ibwe reMoabhi rakadzorerwa, nepurasita dzorugwaro rusingawaniki yawedzerwa, uye zvaiswa pashoo mumuyuziyemu yeLouvre, Paris, uko rakagara. Mufananidzo unogona kuonwa muBritish Museum, London.

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 31]

(Pamusoro) Nyika yeMoabhi

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

(Kuruboshwe) Ibwe reMoabhi rakavakwazve

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Musée du Louvre, Paris

(Kurudyi) Tetragiramatoni sezvainooneka pachiumbwa

[Kwazvakatorwa]

The Bible in the British Museum