Shoko raMwari Rinogara Nokusingaperi
“Shoko raMwari wedu richagara nokusingaperi.”—ISAYA 40:8.
1. (a) Chii chinorehwa pano ne“shoko raMwari wedu”? (b) Zvipikirwa zvavanhu zvinoenzana sei neshoko raMwari?
VANHU vanoda kuvimba nezvipikirwa zvavarume navakadzi vane mukurumbira. Asi pasinei zvapo nokuti zvipikirwa izvi zvingave zvinofadza sei kuvanhu vanoda kuvandudza magarire avo, zvakafanana namaruva anosvava pazvinoenzaniswa neshoko raMwari wedu. (Pisarema 146:3, 4) Makore anopfuura 2 700 apfuura, Jehovha Mwari akafuridzira muporofita Isaya kunyora kuti: “Nyama yose uswa, kunaka kwazvo kwose kwakaita seruva rokusango. . . . Uswa hunooma, ruva rinosvava; asi shoko raMwari wedu richagara nokusingaperi.” (Isaya 40:6, 8) “Shoko” iroro rinogara nokusingaperi nderipi? Kutaura kwaMwari nezvedonzo rake. Nhasi tine “shoko” iroro rakanyorwa seBhaibheri.—1 Petro 1:24, 25.
2. Jehovha akazadzika shoko rake pamusoro paIsraeri wakare naJudha pakati pezvimiroi zvendangariro nezviito?
2 Vanhu vairarama mumazuva aIsraeri wakare vakaona chokwadi chezvakanyorwa naIsaya. Kupfurikidza navaporofita vake Jehovha akafanotaura kuti, nemhaka yokusatendeseka kukuru kwaari, pakutanga umambo hwaIsraeri hwendudzi gumi uye gare gare umambo hwaJudha hwendudzi mbiri hwaizotapwa. (Jeremia 20:4; Amosi 5:2, 27) Kunyange zvazvo vakatambudza, kunyange kuuraya vaporofita vaJehovha, vakapisa mupumburu wamanyoro waiva neshoko raMwari renyevero, uye vakakumbira mauto eEgipita rubatsiro kuti vadzivise kuzadzikwa kwahwo, shoko raJehovha harina kukundikana. (Jeremia 36:1, 2, 21-24; 37:5-10; Ruka 13:34) Uyezve, chipikirwa chaMwari chokudzorera vakasarira vechiJudha vanopfidza kunyika yavo chakazadzikwa zvinoshamisa.—Isaya, ganhuro 35.
3. (a) Zvipikirwai zvakanyorwa naIsaya zvinotifadza nhasi? (b) Nei uchipwiswa kuti zvinhu izvi zvichaitika chaizvoizvo?
3 Kupfurikidza naIsaya, Jehovha akafanotaurawo nezvekutongwa kwavanhu kwakarurama kupfurikidza naMesiya, kununurwa muchivi norufu, uye kushandurwa kwapasi kuva paradhiso. (Isaya 9:6, 7; 11:1-9; 25:6-8; 35:5-7; 65:17-25) Zvinhu izvozvi zvichaitikawo here? Pasina mubvunzo! “Mwari [haa]tongorevi nhema.” Akaita kuti shoko rake rouporofita rinyorwe kuti tibatsirwe, uye akava nechokwadi chokuti rakachengetwa.—Tito 1:2; VaRoma 15:4.
4. Kunyange zvazvo manyoro apakuvamba eBhaibheri asina kuchengetwa, nei zviri zvechokwadi kuti shoko raMwari i“benyu”?
4 Jehovha haana kuchengeta manyoro apakuvamba akashandiswa navanyori vake vakare kunyora uporofita ihwohwo. Asi “shoko” rake, donzo rake rakaziviswa, rakava shoko benyu. Donzo iroro rinofambira mberi zvisingadzivisiki, uye sezvarinodaro, mifungo yomukati yavanhu vanoororwa naro inooneka. (VaHebheru 4:12) Zvakare, chinyorwa chekare chinoratidza kuti kuchengetwa nokushandurwa kwaMagwaro akafuridzirwa pachawo kwakatungamirirwa naMwari.
Patinotarisana Nemiedzo Yokusarishandisa
5. (a) Inhamburikoi yakaitwa namambo weSiria kuparadza Magwaro echiHebheru akafurudzirwa? (b) Nei akakundikana?
5 Pachiitiko chinopfuura chimwe, vatongi vakaedza kuparadza mashoko akanyorwa. Muna 168 B.C.E., Mambo weSiria Antiochus Epiphanes (anoratidzwa papeji 10) akavakira Zeus atari mutembere yakanga yakatsaurirwa kuna Jehovha. Akatsvakawo ‘mabhuku oMutemo,’ akaapisa, uye akazivisa kuti munhu upi noupi aizova naMagwaro akadaro aizourawa. Pasinei zvapo nokuti makopi mangani aakapisa muJerusarema nemuJudhea, aisagona kupedza Magwaro ose. Nyika dzavaJudha panguva iyoyo dzaiva dzakapararira munyika dzakawanda, uye sinagoge rimwe nerimwe raiva nemipumburu yaro yamanyoro.—Enzanisa naMabasa 13:14, 15.
6. (a) Inhamburikoi huru yakaitwa yokuparadza Magwaro aishandiswa navaKristu vapakuvamba? (b) Mugumisiro wacho waiva wei?
6 Muna 303 C.E., Mambo weRoma Diocletian akarayira nenzira yakafanana kuti nzvimbo dzokuungana dzechiKristu dziparadzwe uye kuti ‘Magwaro [avo] apiswe nomoto.’ Kuparadza kwakadaro kwakapfuurira kwemakore gumi. Kunyange zvazvo kutambudzwa kwacho kwaiva kukuru, Diocletian haana kubudirira kuparadza chiKristu, uyewo Mwari haana kubvumira kuti vamiriri vamambo vaparadze makopi ose echikamu chimwe zvacho cheShoko Rake rakafuridzirwa. Asi kupfurikidza nezvavakaita pakaparadzirwa nokuparidzwa Shoko raMwari, vashori vakaratidza zvaiva mumwoyo yavo. Vakazvizivisa savanhu vaiva vakapofumadzwa naSatani uye vachiita kuda kwake.—Johane 8:44; 1 Johane 3:10-12.
7. (a) Inhamburikoi dzakaitwa kudzivirira kuparadzirwa kwezivo yeBhaibheri kumadokero kweEurope? (b) Chii chakaitwa mukushandurwa nokubudiswa kweBhaibheri?
7 Kuedza kumisa kuparadzirwa kwezivo yomuBhaibheri kwakauyawo nepamwe. Apo chiLatin chakanga chisingachashandiswi somutauro wezuva nezuva, havasi vatongi vechihedheni vakashora nokushingaira kushandurwa kweBhaibheri mumitauro yevanhuwo zvavo—asi vainzi vaKristu—Pope Gregory VII (1073-85) uye Pope Innocent III (1198-1216). Richiedza kupedza vanhu vaiva nepfungwa dzakasiyana nechiremera chechechi, Dare reRoma Katurike reToulouse, France, muna 1229, rakarayira kuti munhuwo zvake aisagona kuva nemabhuku eBhaibheri mumutauro waizivikanwa navanhu vose. Dare reChechi Rokubvunzurudza rakashandiswa zvakaoma kuti rione kuti murayiro wacho waiteererwa here. Bva, pashure pemakore 400 eDare reChechi Rokubvunzurudza, vadi veShoko raMwari vakanga vashandura Bhaibheri rose uye vakanga vachiparadzira zvinyorwa zvakadhindwa zvaro mumitauro 20, netumwewo tumitauro, uye zvikamu zvikuru zvaro mune dzimwe ndimi 16.
8. Mukati mezana ramakore rechi19, chii chaive chichiitika mukushandurwa nokuparadzirwa kweBhaibheri muRussia?
8 Yaisangova chete Chechi yeRoma Katurike yakaedza kuti vanhuwo zvavo vasava neBhaibheri. Pakuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi19, Pavsky, mumwe purofesa paSt. Petersburg Academy of Divinity, akashandura Evhangeri yaMateo kubva muchiGiriki kuisa muchiRussian. Mamwe mabhuku eMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu akashandurirwawo muchiRussian, uye Pavsky akabatira somunyori wawo. Iwaya akaparadzirwa zvikuru kutozosvikira, nemhaka yekupindira kwevafundisi, muna 1826 mambo akanyengerwa kuita kuti Russian Bible Society itongwe ne“Holy Synod” yeChechi yeOrthodox yeRussia, iyo yakabva yadzvinyirira kushanda kwayo. Gare gare, Pavsky akashandura Magwaro echiHebheru kubva muchiHebheru kuva chiRussian. Panenge panguva imwe cheteyo, Makarios, mumwe mufundisi weChechi yeOrthodox, akashandurirawo Magwaro echiHebheru muchiRussian. Vose vari vaviri vakarangirwa nhamburiko dzavo, uye shanduro dzavo dzakatorwa nechechi. Chechi yakanga yakatsunga kuita kuti Bhaibheri rirambe riri mumutauro wechiSlavonic chakare, icho panguva iyoyo chakanga chisingaverengwi kana kuti kunzwisiswa nevanhuwo zvavo. “Holy Synod” yakatozoita shanduro yayo yechisynod muna 1856, apo nhamburiko dzavanhu dzokuda kuwana zivo yeBhaibheri dzakanga dzisisadzoreke, ichiita kudaro nenhungamiro dzakanga dzarongwa nokungwarira kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti zvaizonyorwa zvaiwirirana nemirangariro yechechi. Nokudaro, pamusoro pekuparadzirwa kweShoko raMwari, musiyano waiva pakati pechitarisiko chavo chokunze nevavariro dzavo wakanga uri kuratidzwa, sezvinoratidzwa nemashoko avo nezviito.—2 VaTesaronika 2:3, 4.
Kudzivirira Kukanganiswa kweShoko
9. Vamwe vashanduri vakaratidza sei kuda kwavo Shoko raMwari?
9 Pakati paavo vakashandura nokunyora Magwaro paiva nevanhu vainyatsoda Shoko raMwari uye vakaedza zvapachokwadi kuriita kuti riwanike kumunhu wose. William Tyndale akaurayirwa (muna 1536) zvaakaita kuti Bhaibheri riwanike muchiNgezi. Francisco de Enzinas akaiswa mutorongo neDare reChechi reKaturike Rinobvunzurudza (pashure pa1544) nokuda kwokushandura nokubudisa Magwaro echiGiriki echiKristu muchiSpanish. Achiisa upenyu hwake mungozi, Robert Morrison (kubvira muna 1807 kusvikira muna 1818) akashandurira Bhaibheri muchiChinese.
10. Mienzanisoi inoratidza kuti kwaiva nevashanduri vainyandurwa nezvimwe zvinhu kwete kuda Shoko raMwari?
10 Pane dzimwe nguva, zvisinei, zvimwe zvinhu zvisiri kuda Shoko raMwari zvakakurudzira basa revanyori nevashanduri. Rangarira mienzaniso mina: (1) VaSamaria vakavaka tembere paGomo reGerizimi kuti vakwikwidze tembere yaiva muJerusarema. Kuti vatsigire izvozvo, murayiro wakaitwa muSamaritan Pentateuch pana Eksodho 20:17. Murayiro wacho wakawedzerwa, sokunge kuti waiva rutivi rweMirayiro Gumi, kuti vavake atari yemabwe paGomo reGerizimi vobva vapa zvibayiro ipapo. (2) Munhu akatanga kushandura bhuku raDhanieri reSeptuagint yechiGiriki aishandura zvaaida. Akawedzera mashoko aaifunga kuti aizotsanangura kana kuti kunatsa zvaiva murugwaro rwechiHebheru. Akasiya humwe udzame hwaaifunga kuti hwaisazogamuchirwa nevaravi. Paakashandura uporofita hwaiva nechokuita nenguva yokuoneka kwaMesiya, huri pana Dhanieri 9:24-27, akanyepa nguva yakadudzwa ndokuwedzera, kugadzirisa, uye kuchinjanisa mashoko, sezviri pachena achirangarira kuita kuti uporofita hwacho hutsigire kurwisa kwevaMaccabee. (3) Muzana ramakore rechina C.E., mune imwe nhau yechiLatin, mumwe mutsigiri aishingaira zvikuru weUtatu sezviri pachena akabatanidza mashoko okuti “mudenga, Baba, Shoko, uye mudzimu mutsvene; uye izvi zvitatu ndichimwe” sokunge kuti izvozvi zvaiva mumashoko a1 Johane 5:7. Gare gare ndima iyoyo yakaiswa zvakarurama murugwaro rweBhaibheri rwechiLatin. (4) Louis XIII (1610-43), muFrance, akabvumira Jacques Corbin kuti ashandurire Bhaibheri muchiFrench kuitira kuti vakurire nhamburiko dzavaPurotesitendi. Achirangarira izvozvo, Corbin akabatanidza mamwe mashoko, kubatanidza kutaurwa kwe“chibayiro chitsvene cheMisa” pana Mabasa 13:2.
11. (a) Shoko raMwari rakapfuurira sei pasinei zvapo nokusatendeseka kwevamwe vashanduri? (b) Ufakazi hwakawanda zvakadini hwakare hwamanyoro huripo hwokubvumisa zvakataurwa neBhaibheri pakuvamba (Ona bhokisi.)
11 Jehovha haana kudzivisa kukanganiswa kweShoko rake kwakadaro, uyewo hazvina kuchinja donzo rake. Zvakava nemigumisiroi? Kutaura nezveGomo reGerizimi hakuna kuita kuti rudzidziso rwevaSamaria ruve sangano raMwari rokukomborera naro rudzi rwomunhu. Panzvimbo pezvo, zvakapa ufakazi hwokuti, kunyange zvazvo rudzidziso rweSamaria rwaitaura kuti rwaidavira Pentateuch, rwaisagona kuvimbwa kuti rudzidzise chokwadi. (Johane 4:20-24) Kukanganiswa kwemashoko ari muSeptuagint hakuna kudzivisa Mesiya kuuya panguva yakafanotaurwa kupfurikidza nomuporofita Dhanieri. Uyezve, kunyange zvazvo Septuagint yaishandiswa muzana ramakore rokutanga, vaJudha sezviri pachena vakanga vakajaira kunzwa Magwaro achiraviwa nechiHebheru mumasinagoge avo. Somugumisiro, “vanhu vakanga vachitarisira” apo uporofita hwakanga hwava pedyo nokuzadzikwa. (Ruka 3:15, NW) Nokuda kwemashoko matsva ari pana 1 Johane 5:7 okutsigira Utatu uye pana Mabasa 13:2 okutsigira Misa, izvozvi hazvina kuchinja chokwadi. Uye pashure penguva yakati unyengeri hwacho hwakaziviswa zvakazara. Kuwanda kwakaita manyoro omutauro wapakuvamba eBhaibheri kunogovera mutoo wokutarisa nawo uchokwadi hweshanduro ipi neipi.
12. (a) Ichinjoi huru dzakaitwa nevamwe vashanduri veBhaibheri? (b) Idzodzi dzakachinjei?
12 Dzimwe nhamburiko dzokuchinja Magwaro dzaibatanidza zvaipfuura kuchinja ndima shomanene. Idzodzi dzakakanganisa kuzivikanwa kwaMwari pachake. Zvakanga zvakaita kuchinja kwacho uye kukura kwacho zvakapa ufakazi hwakajeka hwokuti vakanga vachipesvedzerwa nemunhu ane simba kana kuti sangano ravanhu—hongu, kupesvedzerwa nemuvengi mukuru waJehovha, Satani Dhiyabhorosi. Vachichinjwa nepesvedzero iyoyo, vashanduri nevanyori—vamwe vachidisa, vamwe vasingazivi—vakavamba kubvisa zita raMwari pachake, Jehovha, muShoko rake rakafuridzirwa muzviuru zvenzvimbo dzakawanda dzaraiva. Kare zvikuru, dzimwe shanduro dzaibva muchiHebheru kuva chiGiriki, chiLatin, chiGerman, chiNgezi, chiItalian, uye chiDutch, nedzimwe dzakawanda, dzakabvisa zita raMwari chose chose kana kuti kurichengeta munzvimbo shomanene bedzi. Rakabviswawo mumakopi eMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu.
13. Nei nhamburiko dzakapararira dzokuchinja Bhaibheri dzisina kuguma nokubvisa zita raMwari muvanhu?
13 Bva, zita iroro rine mbiri harina kubviswa mundangariro dzavanhu. Kushandurirwa kweMagwaro echiHebheru muchiSpanish, chiPutukezi, chiGerman, chiNgezi, chiFrench, uye mimwe mitauro yakawanda, yaiva nezita raMwari pachake nenzira yokuvimbika. Pakasvika zana ramakore rechi16, zita raMwari rakavambawo kuoneka zvakare mushanduro dzinoverengeka dzechiHebheru dzeMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu; pakasvika zana ramakore rechi18, muchiGerman; pakasvika zana ramakore rechi19, muchiCroatian nechiNgezi. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vangaedza kuvanza zita raMwari, apo “zuva raJehovha” richauya, ipapo, seizvo Mwari anozivisa, ‘marudzi achaziva kuti ndini Jehovha.’ Donzo iroro rakaziviswa raMwari harizombokundikani.—2 Petro 3:10, NW; Ezekieri 38:23; Isaya 11:9; 55:11.
Shoko Rinosvika Mupasi Rose
14. (a) Pakasvika zana ramakore rechi20, Bhaibheri rakanga radhindwa mumitauro mingani yokuEurope, uye zvakachinjei? (b) Pakapera 1914, Bhaibheri rakanga rava kuwanika mumitauro mingani muAfrica?
14 Pakuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi20, Bhaibheri rakanga rava kutodhindwa mumitauro 94 yeEurope. Zvakaita kuti vadzidzi veBhaibheri munyika vazive chokwadi chokuti zviitiko zvinotyisa nyika zvaizoitika pakuguma kweNguva dzaMamwe Marudzi muna 1914, uye zvirokwazvo zvakaitika kudaro! (Ruka 21:24) Gore ra1914 rakakurumbira risati raguma, Bhaibheri, rose kana kuti mamwe mabhuku aro, rakabudiswa mumitauro 157 yeAfrica, mukuwedzera kumutauro unoshandiswa zvikuru wechiNgezi, chiFrench, uye chiPutukezi. Nokudaro kudzidzisa zvokwadi dzeBhaibheri dzinosunungura mumudzimu kuvanhu vanozvininipisa vendudzi dzakawanda namapoka edzinza aigara ikoko kwakavamba.
15. Sezvo mazuva okupedzisira akavamba, Bhaibheri rakawanika mumitauro yavanhu vomuAmerica kusvikira kutambanukoi?
15 Sezvo nyika yakapinda mumazuva ayo okupedzisira ayo, Bhaibheri rakanga richiwanika zvikuru munyika dzeAmerica. Vaibva kuEurope vakanga vauya naro riri mundimi dzavo dzakasiyana-siyana. Gadziriro huru yokudzidzisa Bhaibheri yakanga yava kuitwa, nehurukuro kune voruzhinji nekuparadzirwa kukuru kwemabhuku eBhaibheri aibudiswa neInternational Bible Students, sekuzivikanwa kwaiitwa Zvapupu zvaJehovha panguva yacho. Uyewo, kudhindwa kweBhaibheri kwakanga kuchitoitwa nemasangano eBhaibheri mune mimwe mitauro 57 nokuda kwokugovera zvinodikanwa zvevagari vakaberekerwa kuMadokero.
16, 17. (a) Bhaibheri rakanga rava kuwanika kusvikira kutambanukoi apo nguva yokuparidza mupasi rose yakasvika? (b) Bhaibheri rakabvumikisa sei kuva rinogara uye rinochinja vanhu zvikuru?
16 Apo nguva yakasvika yokuparidza mashoko akanaka munyika yose ‘mugumo usati wasvika,’ Bhaibheri raisava idzva muAsia nezvitsuwa zvePacific. (Mateo 24:14) Rakanga richitobudiswa mumitauro 232 yechikamu ichocho chenyika. Mamwe aiva maBhaibheri akakwana; dzakawanda dzaiva shanduro dzeMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu; dzimwe dzaiva bhuku rimwe chete reMagwaro Anoyera.
17 Nenzira yakajeka, Bhaibheri rakanga risiri kupfuurira sebhukuwo zvaro rekare. Pamabhuku ose aivapo, ndiro raiva bhuku rakashandurwa zvikurusa uye rakaparadzirwa zvikurusa. Zvichiwirirana neufakazi hwekuda kwaMwari, zvakanyorwa mubhuku iroro zvakanga zvichiitika. Dzidziso dzaro nezvarinotaura zvakanga zvichitapura upenyu hwevanhu vaiva munyika dzakawanda. (1 Petro 1:24, 25) Asi zvakawanda zvakanga zvichizoitika—zvakawandisisa.
Unoyeuka Here?
◻ “Shoko raMwari wedu” rinogara nokusingaperi chii?
◻ Bhaibheri rakaedza kukanganiswa sei, uye nemigumisiroi?
◻ Kugara kweBhaibheri kwakachengetwa sei?
◻ Kutaurwa kwedonzo raMwari kwakabvumikisa sei kuva shoko benyu?
[Bhokisi riri papeji 12]
Tinoziva Zvaitaurwa neBhaibheri Chaizvoizvo Pakuvamba Here?
Manyoro anenge 6 000 akanyorwa nemaoko echiHebheru anosimbisa zviri muMagwaro echiHebheru. Mashomanene aiwawa ndeenguva yakwaiva kusati kwava nechiKristu. Manyoro anopfuura 19 eMagwaro echiHebheru akakwana ndeenguva yakwakanga kusati kwagadzirwa michina yokudhindisa. Uyewo, kubvira munhambo imwe cheteyo, kwaiva neshanduro dzaiva dziri mune mimwe mitauro 28.
Nokuda kweMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu, manyoro anenge 5 000 muchiGiriki akarongwa. Rimwe raiwawa raiva reapo 125 C.E. akanga asati asvika, nokudaro makore mashomanene bedzi pashure penguva yemanyoro okutanga. Uye mamwe manyoro anofungidzirwa kuti ndeekare zvikuru. Nokuda kwe22 emabhuku 27 akafuridzirwa, kune manyoro akakwana akanyorwa namaoko anobvira pa10 kusvikira ku19. Nhamba duku zvikurusa yemanyoro akanyorwa namaoko akakwana emabhuku api naapi ari muichi chikamu cheBhaibheri matatu—nokuda kwaZvakazarurwa. Rumwe runyoro rweMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu akakwana nderemuzana ramakore rechina C.E.
Hapana rimwe bhuku rekare rinosimbiswa noufakazi hwakawanda kudaro hwakanyorwa.