Kudavira Kwako Rumuko Kwakasimba Sei?
“Ndini kumuka noupenyu; unotenda kwandiri, kunyange akafa, uchararama.”—JOHANE 11:25.
1, 2. Neiko munamati waJehovha achida kuva nechivimbo mutariro yorumuko?
TARIRO yako murumuko yakasimba sei? Inokusimbisa pakutya kufa ndokukunyaradza apo unorasikirwa navadiwa murufu here? (Mateo 10:28; 1 VaTesaronika 4:13) Wakafanana navabatiri vaMwari vakawanda vakare, vakatsungirira kurohwa, kunyombwa, kutambudzwa, uye kuiswa mutorongo, vasimbiswa nokudavira rumuko here?—VaHebheru 11:35-38.
2 Hungu, munamati wapachokwadi waJehovha haafaniri kumbonzwa asina chokwadi kuti kuchava norumuko, uye chivimbo chake chinofanira kutapura mararamiro ake. Kunoshamisa kurangarira idi rokuti munguva yakafanira yaMwari, gungwa, rufu, uye Hadhesi zvichabudisa vakafa vari mazviri, uye ava vanomutswa vachava nekariro yokurarama nokusingaperi muparadhiso yapasi.—Zvakazarurwa 20:13; 21:4, 5.
Kusava Nechokwadi Pamusoro Poupenyu Hweramangwana
3, 4. Rudaviroi urwo vakawanda vachinarwo pamusoro poupenyu pashure porufu?
3 ChiKristudhomu changuve chichidzidzisa kuti kune upenyu pashure porufu. Imwe nyaya mumagazini yeU.S. Catholic yakati: “Mumazera ose, vaKristu vakaedza kushandisa zvakanaka kuodzwa mwoyo nokutambura zvoupenyu huno kupfurikidza nokutarira mberi kuhumwe upenyu, hworugare negutsikano, hwokuita chimwe chinhu.” Kunyange zvazvo munyika dzakati dzechiKristudhomu, vanhu vava kuramba pfungwa dzorudzidziso nokusava nechokwadi kwakati pamusoro porudzidziso, vakawanda vachiri kurangarira kuti panofanira kuva nechimwe chinhu pashure porufu. Asi pane zvakawanda zvavasina chokwadi pamusoro pazvo.
4 Imwe nyaya mumagazini yeTime yakati: “Vanhu vachiri kudavira [upenyu hwapashure]: kunongova kuti murangariro wavo wezvazviri chaizvoizvo uri kudzikatidzwa zvikuru, uye vanonzwa zvishomanene zvikuru pamusoro pazvo kuvafudzi vavo.” Neiko vafundisi vorudzidziso vachitaura zvishoma pamusoro poupenyu hwapashure kupfuura zvavaiita? Imwe nyanzvi yorudzidziso Jeffrey Burton Russell inoti: “Ndinofunga kuti [vafundisi] vanoda kudzivisa nhau yacho nokuti vanorangarira kuti vachakurira mhinganidzo yokusava nechokwadi kwakakurumbira.”
5. Vakawanda nhasi vanorangarira sei dzidziso yehero yomoto?
5 Mumachechi akawanda, upenyu hwapashure hunobatanidza denga nehero yomoto. Uye kana vafundisi vachizengurira kutaura pamusoro pedenga, vanotozengurira zvikuru kutaura pamusoro pehero. Imwe nyaya yomupepa nhau yakati: “Mazuva ano kunyange machechi anodavira chirango chisingagumi muhero yomoto . . . ari kurerutsa murangariro wacho.” Zvirokwazvo, nyanzvi dzezvorudzidziso dzakawanda zvikurusa dzazvino uno hadzichadaviri hero senzvimbo chaiyoiyo yokutambudzwa, nzira yayaidzidziswa nayo muMiddle Ages. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanoda rudzi rwehero yo“kunzwira tsitsi” zvikuru. Maererano navakawanda vazvino uno, vatadzi vari muhero havatambudzwi chaizvoizvo, asi vanotambura nemhaka yo“kuparadzaniswa mumudzimu naMwari” kwavo.
6. Vamwe vanowana sei kuti kutenda kwavo hakuna kukwana apo vanotarisana nengwavaira?
6 Kupfavisa dzidziso yechechi kuitira kuti isagumbura pfungwa dzazvino uno kungabatsira vamwe kudzivisa kusakurumbira, asi kunosiya mamiriyoni avanoenda kuchechi vapachokwadi vachishamisika kuti vodavirei. Nokudaro, apo vanotarisana zvakananga norufu, ava kazhinji kazhinji vanowana kuti kutenda kwavo kunoshayikwa. Murangariro wavo wakafanana nouyo womukadzi akarasikirwa nemitezo yemhuri inoverengeka mutsaona ine ngwavaira. Apo akabvunzwa kana kutenda kwake kworudzidziso kwakanga kwamuunzira nyaradzo, akapindura nokuzengurira kuti, “Ndinofunga kudaro.” Asi kunyange kudai akapindura nechivimbo kuti kutenda kwake kworudzidziso kwakanga kwamubatsira, chimukoi chenguva refu chaizovapo kudai zvitendero zvake zvakanga zvisina kusimba? Iyi irangariro inokosha nokuti, chaizvoizvo, izvo machechi mazhinji anodzidzisa pamusoro poupenyu hweramangwana zvakasiyana chaizvo neizvo Bhaibheri rinodzidzisa.
Murangariro wechiKristudhomu Woupenyu Pashure Porufu
7. (a) Rudaviroi rwakafanana urwo machechi akawanda anarwo? (b) Imwe nyanzvi yezvorudzidziso yakarondedzera sei dzidziso yomweya usingafi?
7 Pasinei zvapo nemisiyano yawo, anenge masangano ose echiKristudhomu anobvuma kuti vanhu vane mweya usingafi unopukunyuka rufu rwomuviri. Vazhinjisa vanodavira kuti apo munhu anofa, mweya wake ungaenda kudenga. Vamwe vanotya kuti mweya wavo ungaenda kuhero yomoto kana kuti kupurigatori. Asi pfungwa yomweya usingafi ihuru kumurangariro wavo woupenyu hweramangwana. Nyanzvi yorudzidziso Oscar Cullmann, yakatsinhira pana ikoku munhau yakabudiswa mubhuku rinonzi Immortality and Resurrection. Yakanyora kuti: “Kudai taizobvunza muKristuwo zvake nhasi . . . chaanonzwisisa kuva kudzidzisa kweTestamende Itsva pamusoro pejambwa romunhu pashure porufu, kunze kwezvishomanene tinofanira kuwana mhinduro yokuti: ‘Kusafa kwomweya.’” Cullmann akawedzera, zvisinei kuti: “Pfungwa iyi inogamuchirwa zvikuru ndikumwe kwokusanzwisisana kukurusa kwechiKristu.” Cullmann akatsinhira kuti apo akatanga kutaura izvi, akaparira bope. Asi, akanga akarurama.
8. Itariroi iyo Jehovha akaisa pamberi pomurume nomukadzi vokutanga?
8 Jehovha Mwari haana kusika vanhu kuti vaende kudenga pashure pokunge vafa. Chakanga chisiri chinangwa chake chapakuvamba chokuti vanofanira kufa. Adhama naEvha vakasikwa vakakwana uye vakanga vapiwa mukana wokuzadza pasi navana vakarurama. (Genesi 1:28; Dheuteronomio 32:4) Vabereki vedu vokutanga vakaudzwa kuti vaizofa kana bedzi vaisazoteerera Mwari. (Genesi 2:17) Kudai vakanga varamba vachiteerera Baba vavo vokudenga, vaizodai vakaramba vachirarama pasi pano nokusingaperi.
9. (a) Chii chiri chokwadi pamusoro pomweya womunhu? (b) Chii chinoitika kumweya apo unofa?
9 Nenzira inosuruvarisa, zvisinei, Adhama naEvha vakakundikana kuteerera Mwari. (Genesi 3:6, 7) Migumisiro ine ngwavaira inorondedzerwa nomuapostora Pauro kuti: “Zvivi sezvazvakapinda munyika nomunhu mumwe, norufu rukapinda nezvivi; saizvozvo rufu rwakasvika kuvanhu vose, nokuti vose vakatadza.” (VaRoma 5:12) Panzvimbo pokurarama nokusingaperi pasi pano, Adhama naEvha vakafa. Chii chakaitika panguva iyoyo? Vaiva nemweya isingafi iyo yaigona zvino kuendeswa kuhero yomoto nemhaka yechivi chavo here? Mukupesana, Bhaibheri rinotaura kuti pakuvamba, apo akasikwa, Adhama “akava mweya mupenyu.” (Genesi 2:7) Munhu haana kupiwa mweya; akava mweya, munhu mupenyu. (1 VaKorinte 15:45) Chokwadi, haasi Adhama bedzi akanga ari “mweya mupenyu” asi, sezvinoratidzirwa mumutauro wechiHebheru umo Genesi akanyorwa, mhuka dzakaderera dzaivawo “mweya [mi]penyu”! (Genesi 1:24) Apo Adhama naEvha vakafa, vakava mweya yakafa. Pakupedzisira, kwakaitika kwavari kungofanana neizvo Jehovha akanga ataura kuna Adhama kuti: “Uchadya zvokudya zvako neziya rechiso chako kusvikira uchidzokera kuvhu; nokuti wakatorwa kwariri.”—Genesi 3:19.
10, 11. New Catholic Encyclopedia inobvumei pamusoro pedzidziso yeBhaibheri yomweya, uye izvi zvinoenzana sei nezvinotaura Bhaibheri?
10 Chaizvoizvo, New Catholic Encyclopedia inobvumirana neizvi. Munyaya yayo inoti “Soul (in the Bible),” inoti: “Hapana kukamukana [kukamukana kuva mativi maviri] kwomuviri nomweya muTY [“Testamende Yekare,” kana kuti Magwaro echiHebheru].” Inowedzera kuti muBhaibheri, shoko rokuti “mweya” “haritongorevi mweya sowakasiyana nomuviri kana kuti nomunhu pachake.” Zvirokwazvo, mweya kazhinji kazhinji “unoreva munhu pachake ungave wemhuka kana kuti wavanhu.” Kutendeseka kwakadaro kunozorodza, asi mumwe angashamisika bedzi chikonzero nei vanoenda kuchechi vose zvavo vasina kuziviswa nezvamaidi aya.
11 Iitiro hanya norutyo zvikuru sei izvo vanoenda kuchechi vaizodai vakadzivisirwa kudai vakanga vaziva chokwadi chakapfava cheBhaibheri chokuti: “Mweya unotadza uchafa,” kwete kutambura muhero yomoto! (Ezekieri 18:4) Nepo izvi zvakasiyana zvikuru neizvo chiKristudhomu chinodzidzisa, zvinotsinhirana chose chose neizvo murume akachenjera Soromoni akataura mukufuridzirwa kuti: “Nokuti vapenyu vanoziva kuti vachazofa, asi vakafa havana chavanoziva, kunyange nomubayiro havachina nokuti havacharangarirwi. Zvose zvinowana ruoko rwako, kuti ruzviite, uzviite nesimba rako rose; nokuti hakune basa, kana zano, kana zivo, kana uchenjeri paSheori [guva ravose rorudzi rwomunhu] kwaunoenda.”—Muparidzi 9:5, 10.
12. ChiKristudhomu chakawana kupi dzidziso yacho yokusafa kwomweya?
12 Neiko chiKristudhomu chichidzidzisa chimwe chinhu chakasiyana kwazvo nechinotaurwa neBhabheri? New Catholic Encyclopedia, munyaya yayo “Mweya, Munhu, Kusafa Kwe,” inotaura kuti Vanyori Vechechi Vapakuvamba vakawana tsigiro yokudavira kusafa kwomweya, kwete muBhaibheri, asi mu“nhetembo navazivi nomugamuchidzanwawo zvaro romufungo wechiGiriki . . . Gare gare, nyanzvi dzacho dzakasarudza kushandisa uzivi hwaPlato kana kuti nheyo dzinobva kuna Aristotle.” Inotaura kuti “pesvedzero dzomufungo waPlato nowapashure paPlato”—kubatanidza kudavira kusafa kwomweya—pakupedzisira zvakapinzwa “pakati chaipo porudzidziso rwechiKristu.”
13, 14. Neiko kusina mufungo kuva netariro yokupiwa nzwisiso navazivi vechiGiriki vechihedheni?
13 Vaitaura kuva vaKristu vaifanira kutendeukira kuvazivi vechiGiriki vechihedheni kuti vadzidze pamusoro pechimwe chinhu sechinokosha setariro youpenyu pashure porufu here? Chokwadika kwete. Apo Pauro akanyorera vaKristu vaigara muKorinte, Greece, akati: “Nokuti uchenjeri hwenyika ino upenzi kuna Mwari. Nokuti kwakanyorwa kuchinzi: Unobata vakachenjera pamano avo. Uyezve; Ishe unoziva ndangariro dzavakachenjera, kuti hadzina maturo.” (1 VaKorinte 3:19, 20) VaGiriki vakare vaiva vanamati vezvidhori. Ipapoka, chokwadi chaigona sei kubva kwavari? Pauro akabvunza vaKorinte kuti: “Temberi yaMwari ingatenderana seiko nezvifananidzo? Nokuti isu tiri tembere yaMwari mupenyu; Mwari sezvaakareva, achiti: Ndichagara mukati mavo, nokufamba mukati mavo; ndichava Mwari wavo ivo vachava vanhu vangu.”—2 VaKorinte 6:16.
14 Kuziviswa kwezvokwadi dzinoyera pakutanga kwakapiwa kupfurikidza norudzi rwaIsraeri. (VaRoma 3:1, 2) Pashure pa33 C.E., kwakapiwa kupfurikidza neungano yechiKristu yakazodzwa yomuzana rokutanga ramakore. Pauro, achitaura nezvavaKristu vomuzana rokutanga ramakore, akati: “Nokuti Mwari wakazviratidza [zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa avo vose vanomuda] noMweya.” (1 VaKorinte 2:10; onawo Zvakazarurwa 1:1, 2.) Dzidziso yechiKristudhomu yokusafa kwomweya yakabva muuzivi hwechiGiriki. Haina kuziviswa kupfurikidza nezvakazarurwa zvaMwari kuna vaIsraeri kana kuti kupfurikidza neungano yavaKristu vakazodzwa vomuzana rokutanga ramakore.
Tariro Chaiyoiyo Yavakafa
15. Maererano naJesu, itariroi chaiyoiyo iripo nokuda kwavakafa?
15 Kana kusina mweya unofa, chii chiri tariro chaiyoiyo yavakafa? Chokwadika, rumuko, idzidziso huru yeBhaibheri nechipikirwa chinoshamisa zvechokwadi chaMwari. Jesu akapa tariro yorumuko apo akataura kushamwari yake Marta kuti: “Ndini kumuka noupenyu; unotenda kwandiri, kunyange akafa, uchararama.” (Johane 11:25) Kudavira muna Jesu kunoreva kudavira rumuko, kwete mweya usingafi.
16. Neiko kune mufungo kudavira rumuko?
16 Jesu akanga ambotaura nezvorumuko apo akataura kuna vamwe vaJudha kuti: “Musashamiswa naizvozvo; nokuti nguva inouya, nayo vose vari mumabwiro vachanzwa inzwi rake, vachabuda.” (Johane 5:28, 29) Icho Jesu anorondedzera pano chakasiyana zvikuru nomweya usingafi unopukunyuka rufu rwomuviri ndokuenda zvakananga kudenga. ‘Kubuda’ kwomunguva yemberi kwavanhu vave vari muguva, vakawanda kwamazana amakore kana kuti kwezviuru zvamakore. Mweya yakafa ndiyo inodzokera kuupenyu. Hakubviri here? Kwete kuna Mwari “unopa vakafa upenyu, nokudana zvisipo sezvinenge zviripo.” (VaRoma 4:17) Vasina chokwadi vangaseka pfungwa yokudzoka kwavanhu kubva kuvakafa, asi inotsinhirana zvakakwana neidi rokuti “Mwari rudo” uye kuti “unopa vanomutsvaka mubayiro wavo.”—1 Johane 4:16; VaHebheru 11:6.
17. Mwari achaitei kupfurikidza norumuko?
17 Pashure pezvose, Mwari angagona sei kupa mubayiro avo vakabvumikisa kuva va“katendeka kusvikira kurufu” kana akasavadzorera kuupenyu? (Zvakazarurwa 2:10) Rumuko runoitawo kuti kubvirire Mwari kuita icho muapostora Johane akanyora pamusoro pacho kuti: “Mwanakomana waMwari wakaoneswa nemhaka iyi kuti aparadze mabasa aDhiyabhorosi.” (1 Johane 3:8) Shure mubindu reEdheni, Satani akava muurayi worudzi rwose rwomunhu apo akapinza vabereki vedu vokutanga muchivi norufu. (Genesi 3:1-6; Johane 8:44) Jesu akavamba kuparadza mabasa aSatani apo akapa upenyu hwake hwakakwana sorudzikinuro runowirirana, achizarurira nzira rudzi rwomunhu kuti rusunungurwe muuranda hwakagarwa nhaka kuchivi chakavapo nokusateerera kwoune kwaAdhama. (VaRoma 5:18) Rumuko rwaavo vakafa nemhaka yeichi chivi chaAdhama ruchava kumwe kuparadza mabasa aDhiyabhorosi.
Muviri Nomweya
18. Vamwe vazivi vechiGiriki vakaita sei kumashoko aPauro okuti Jesu akanga amutswa, uye nei?
18 Apo muapostora Pauro akanga ari muAtene, akaparidza mashoko akanaka kuboka raibatanidza vamwe vazivi vechiGiriki. Vakateerera kurukurirano yake pamusoro paMwari mumwe wechokwadi nedanidzo yake yokupfidza. Asi chii chakatevera kuitika? Pauro akagumisa hurukuro yake, achiti: “[Mwari] wakatara zuva, raachatonga nyika naro nokururama, nomurume waakagadza; akasimbisa shoko iro kuna vose, pakumumutsa kuvakafa.” Mashoko iwayo akaparira kunyanduka. “Zvino vakati vachinzwa zvokumuka kwavakafa, vamwe vakaseka, asi vamwe vakati: Tichazokunzwazve pamusoro paizvozvi.” (Mabasa 17:31-32) Nyanzvi yezvorudzidziso Oscar Cullmann inotsinhira kuti: “Nokuda kwavaGiriki vaidavira kusafa kwomweya kungave kwakava kwakaoma zvikuru kugamuchira kuparidza kwechiKristu nezvorumuko kupfuura zvakwakanga kwakaita nokuda kwavamwe. Dzidziso yavazivi vakuru Socrates naPlato haigoni kuwiriraniswa [kubvumiraniswa] neiyo yeTestamende Itsva.”
19. Nyanzvi dzorudzidziso dzechiKristudhomu dzakaedza sei kuwiriranisa dzidziso yorumuko nedzidziso yokusafa kwomweya?
19 Kunyange zvakadaro, pashure pokuramba kutenda kukuru pashure porufu rwavaapostora, nyanzvi dzorudzidziso dzakashanda nesimba kubatanidza dzidziso yechiKristu yorumuko norudaviro rwomweya usingafi rwaPlato. Pashure penguva yakati, vamwe vakabvumirana pamhinduro itsva yokuti: Parufu, mweya unoparadzaniswa (“unosunungurwa,” sezvinotaura vamwe) nomuviri. Ipapo, maererano neOutlines of the Doctrine of the Resurrection, rakanyorwa naR. J. Cooke, paZuva roRutongeso “muviri mumwe nomumwe uchabatanidzwazve nomweya wawo pachavo, uye mweya mumwe nomumwe kumuviri wawo pachawo.” Kubatanidzwazve kwomunguva yemberi kwomuviri nomweya wawo usingafi kunotaurwa kuva rumuko.
20, 21. Ndivanaani vave vachidzidzisa chokwadi pamusoro porumuko, uye izvi zvavabetsera sei?
20 Rondedzero iyi ichiri dzidziso yakarurama yamachechi makuru. Nepo pfungwa yakadaro ingaratidzika kuva nomufungo kunyanzvi yezvorudzidziso, vanoenda kuchechi vakawanda zvikurusa havana kurovedzana nayo. Vanongodavira kuti vachaenda zvakananga kudenga apo vanofa. Nokuda kweichi chikonzero, muchinyorwa cha5 May, 1995, cheCommonweal, munyori John Garvey akati: “Rudaviro rwavaKristu vakawanda zvikurusa [panhau youpenyu pashure porufu] runoratidzika kuva rwuri pedyo zvikuru nedzidziso yechiPlato kupfuura dzechiKristu zvechokwadi, uye haruna hwaro hweBhaibheri.” Zvirokwazvo, kupfurikidza nokutsinhanisa Bhaibheri naPlato, vafundisi vechiKristudhomu vakaparadza tariro yeBhaibheri yorumuko yamakwai avo.
21 Kune rumwe rutivi, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvinoramba ruzivo rwechihedheni ndokunamatira kudzidziso yeBhaibheri yorumuko. Zvinowana dzidziso yakadaro kuva inosimbaradza, inogutsa, uye inonyaradza. Munyaya dzinotevera, tichaona kuti dzidziso yeBhaibheri yorumuko yakasimba sei chaizvo uye ine mufungo sei nokuda kwavose vari vaviri vane tariro yapasi naavo vane kariro yorumuko rwoupenyu hwokudenga. Segadziriro yokurangarira nyaya idzi, tinorumbidza kuti urave nokungwarira ganhuro 15 yetsamba yokutanga kuVaKorinte.
Unoyeuka Here?
◻ Neiko tichifanira kusakurira chivimbo chakasimba murumuko?
◻ Ikariroi iyo Jehovha akaisa pamberi paAdhama naEvha?
◻ Neiko kusina mufungo kutsvaka chokwadi muuzivi hwechiGiriki?
◻ Neiko rumuko iri tariro ine mufungo?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 10]
Apo vakatadza, vabereki vedu vokutanga vakarasikirwa netariro youpenyu husingaperi pasi pano
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 12]
Nyanzvi dzechechi dzakapesvedzerwa norudaviro rwaPlato rwokusafa kwomweya
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Musei Capitolini, Roma