Sauro—Mudziyo Wakasanangurwa naIshe

SAURO weTarso aivenga nokuponda vateveri vaKristu. Asi Ishe aiva nenguva yemberi yakasiyana yaakanga akamuchengetera. Sauro aizova mumiririri akatanhamara wechinangwa chimwe chete chaakarwisa zvakasimba. Jesu akati: “Iye [Sauro] mudziyo wakasanangurwa neni, kuti aende nezita rangu kuvahedheni, namadzimambo, nokuvana vaIsraeri.”—Mabasa 9:15.

Upenyu hwaSauro semunhu a“iitira vanhu zvakaipa” hwakanyatsochinja paakanzwirwa ngoni ndokuva “mudziyo wakasanangurwa” waIshe Jesu Kristu. (1 Timotio 1:12, 13) Simba rakanga ramuita kuti abatanidzwe mukutaka Stefano namabwe uye mukumwe kurwisa vadzidzi vaJesu rakachinjirwa kuzvinangwa zvakanyatsosiyana apo Sauro akava muapostora Pauro wechiKristu. Sezviri pachena Jesu akaona zvinhu zvakanaka muna Sauro. Zvinhui? Sauro aiva ani? Upenyu hwake hwekare hwakamuita sei kuti ave akakodzera kushandiswa mukufambisira mberi kunamata kwechokwadi? Tinogona kudzidza chimwe chinhu kubva muchiitiko chake here?

Upenyu Hwekare Hwemumhuri yaSauro

Panguva yekuurayiwa kwaStefano nokukurumidza pashure pePentekosta ya33 C.E., Sauro aiva “jaya.” Paakanyorera Firemoni munenge muna 60-61 C.E., aiva “mutana.” (Mabasa 7:58; Firemoni 9) Nyanzvi dzinokarakadza kuti, maererano nemaonerwe ezera munguva dzakare, “jaya” zvimwe zvaireva makore ari pakati pe24 ne40, nepo “mutana” angatangira pamakore 50 kusvika ku56. Saka Sauro zvimwe akangozvarwa makore mashomanene pashure pokuzvarwa kwaJesu.

VaJudha panguva iyoyo vaigara munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika. Kukundwa, uranda, kudzingwa, mabhizimisi, uye kutama kwokuzvidira zvaiva pakati pezvikonzero zvokuti vapararire kubva kuJudhea. Kunyange zvazvo mhuri yake yaiva vaJudha vakapararira, Sauro anosimbisa kutsigira kwavo Mutemo, achiti “ndakadzingiswa nomusi worusere, ndiri worudzi rwavaIsraeri veimba yaBhenjamini, muHebheru wavaHebheru; pamurayiro ndiri muFarise.” Sauro aiva nezita rakafanana rechiHebheru semutezo wakatanhamara werudzi rwake—mambo wokutanga waIsraeri. SemuRoma kubvira pakuzvarwa, Sauro weTarso aivawo nezita rechiLatin, Paullus.—VaFiripi 3:5; Mabasa 13:21; 22:25-29.

Kuzvarwa kwaSauro semuRoma kwakareva kuti mumwe wamadzitateguru ake akawana ropafadzo yokuva mugari wemo. Sei? Zvingangodaro zvakaitika zvakati wandei. Kunze kwekugara nhaka kuva mugari wemo, kwaigona kupiwa kuvanhu kana mapoka zvimwe nokuda kwezvakanaka zvakati, nokuda chete kwokuva mune zvematongerwe enyika, kana kuti semubayiro wemabasa akatanhamara kuHurumende. Muranda aikwanisa kutenga rusununguko rwake kubva kumuRoma, kana kuti uyo aisunungurwa nomugari weRoma, aizova muRoma pachake. Ndozvaiitawo gamba raimbova muchiuto paraibuda muboka revarwi. Zvizvarwa zvomunharaunda zvaigara munyika dzaitongwa neRoma zvaigona pashure penguva yakati kuva vagari vemo. Zvinonziwo pane dzimwe nguva kuva mugari wemo kwaitengwa nemari yakawanda. Kuti kuva vagari vemo kwakavapo sei mumhuri yaSauro hazvisati zvave kuzivikanwa.

Tinoziva kuti Sauro aibva kuTarso, guta guru uye dzimbabwe reruwa rweRoma rweKirikia (zvino kumaodzanyemba kweTurkey). Kunyange zvazvo nzanga yakati yavaJudha yaigara munzvimbo yacho, upenyu imomo hwaizodai hwakaratidzirawo Sauro tsika dzavamarudzi. Tarso raiva guta guru uye rakabudirira raizivikanwa senzvimbo yemukurumbira wedzidzo yechiHereni kana kuti chiGiriki. Kufungidzira kunoisa uwandu hwavanhu vemuzana rokutanga ramakore pakati pe300 000 uye 500 000. Raiva nzvimbo yebhizimisi iri mumugwagwa mukuru pakati peAsia Minor, Siria, neMesopotamia. Tarso raiwana kubudirira kwaro kubva kune zvokutengeserana uye kubva kumapani akaorera akanga akapoteredza, kwaiwanwa zvikurukuru mbeu dzakasiyana-siyana, waini, uye micheka. Mubhizimisi raro raibudirira remicheka maibva micheka yemvere dzembudzi yaigadziriswa matende.

Dzidzo yaSauro

Sauro, kana kuti Pauro, aizvigovera nokutendeseka uye aitsigira basa rake roufundisi nokuita matende. (Mabasa 18:2, 3; 20:34) Bhizimisi rokugadzira matende raigaroitwa muguta rake raakazvarirwa, Tarso. Zvingangova kuti Sauro akadzidza bhizimisi rokugadzira matende kuna baba vake achiri pwere.

Kuziva mitauro kwaSauro—zvikurukuru kunyatsogona kwake chiGiriki, mutauro unozivikanwa navose weUmambo hweRoma—kwakavawo kunokosha mubasa rake roufundisi. (Mabasa 21:37–22:2) Vanzveri verunyoro rwake vanoti chiGiriki chake chakaisvonaka. Mashoko ake haasi eunyanzvi kana akafanana nemamwe emumabhuku, asi kuti akafanana neemuSeptuagint, shanduro yechiGiriki yeMagwaro echiHebheru iyo aigarotora mashoko mairi kana kutaura namamwe mashoko. Nokuda kweuchapupu uhwu, nyanzvi dzakasiyana-siyana dzinofungidzira kuti Sauro akawana inenge dzidzo yake yokutanga yakanaka muchiGiriki, zvimwe muchikoro chechiJudha. “Munguva dzekare dzidzo iri nane—kupfuura dzidzo dzose dzechiGiriki—yakanga isingawanikwi pachena; semutemo; yaida tsigiro yokunyama,” Martin Hengel anodaro. Dzidzo yaSauro nokudaro inokarakadza kuti aibva mumhuri yaiva yakakurumbira.

Zvimwe, asati apfuura makore 13, Sauro akaenderera mberi nedzidzo yake muJerusarema, makiromita anokwana 840 kubva kumusha kwake. Akadzidza pamakumbo aGamarieri, mudzidzisi aizivikanwa zvikuru uye airemekedzwa zvikuru wegamuchidzanwa rechiFarise. (Mabasa 22:3; 23:6) Zvidzidzo izvozvo, zvingaenzaniswa nedzidzo yekuyunivhesiti nhasi, zvaizarura mukana wekuwana utanhamari muchiJudha.a

Mano Anoshandiswa Zvakanaka

Azvarirwa mumhuri yechiJudha muguta reRoma raigarawo vaHereni, Sauro aiva wevanhu vose. Kuziva kwake mitauro yakawanda pasina mubvunzo kwakamubetsera kuva “zvose kuvanhu vose.” (1 VaKorinte 9:19-23) Kuva kwake mugari wemuRoma gare gare kwakamubvumira kudzivirira zviri pamutemo ushumiri hwake uye kuendesa mashoko akanaka pamberi pemasimba makuru muUmambo hweRoma. (Mabasa 16:37-40; 25:11, 12) Chokwadika, upenyu hwekare hwaSauro, dzidzo, uye unhu hwake zvaizivikanwa naJesu akamutswa, uyo akati kuna Ananiasi: “Enda, nokuti iye mudziyo wakasanangurwa neni, kuti aende nezita rangu kuvahedheni, namadzimambo, nokuvana vaIsraeri; nokuti ndichamuratidza zvose, zvaachafanira kutamburira nokuda kwezita rangu.” (Mabasa 9:13-16) Kushingaira kwaSauro pakwakanangidzirwa munzira yakarurama, kwakabetsera mukuparadzira mashoko eUmambo kunzvimbo dziri kure.

Kusarudzwa kwakaitwa Sauro naJesu nokuda kwebasa chairo kwaiva chiitiko chitsva munhau yechiKristu. Asi, vaKristu vose vemuzuva ranhasi vane mano emunhu oga uye mavara ayo anogona kushandiswa zvinobudirira mukuparadzira mashoko akanaka. Sauro paakanzwisisa zvaida Jesu kwaari, haana kutya. Akaita zvose zvaaikwanisa kutsigira zvinodiwa neUmambo. Ndezvechokwadi newe here?

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

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Kunyoresa uye Kupupurira Ugari hwemuRoma

Kunyoresa vana vepamutemo vevagari vemuRoma kwakavamba naAugusto nemirau miviri, iyo yakabudiswa muna 4 nemuna 9 C.E. Kunyoresa kwaifanira kuitika mukati mamazuva 30 pashure pokuberekwa. Mumaruwa, mhuri yaifanira kuzivisa pamberi pamajistriti muhofisi yakafanira yezvinyorwa zvavose, ichitaura kuti mwana wacho ndewapamutemo uye ane ugari muRoma. Mazita avabereki, musikana kana mukomana here uye zita remwana wacho, uye zuva rokuzvarwa zvainyoreswawo. Kunyange mitemo iyi isati yatanga, kunyoreswa kwevagari mumaguta eRoma ose, nyika dzaidzorwa neRoma, uye maruwa kwaiitwazve makore mashanu oga oga kuburikidza nokuverengwa kwavanhu.

Nzvimbo yomunhu yaigona kuzivikanwa nokutarisa mabhuku aiva munzvimbo inonyatsochengeterwa zvinyorwa zvekare. Makopi akapupurirwa ezvinyorwa zvakadaro aigona kuwanikwa semapuranga maviri akabatanidzwa (mahwendefa anovharika). Mukufunga kwedzimwe nyanzvi, Pauro paakati aiva mugari wemuRoma, angangodaro akakwanisa kubudisa chitupa chaitsigira izvozvo. (Mabasa 16:37; 22:25-29; 25:11) Sezvo ugari hwemuRoma hwaionekwa sehune “kunaka kutsvene” uye huchipa munhu ropafadzo dzakawanda, kuzvinyorera magwaro aya kwaiva mhaka yakaipisisa zvikuru. Kureva nhema nezvenzvimbo yako kwaiguma nechirango cherufu.

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Historic Costume in Pictures/Dover Publications, Inc., New York

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Zita raSauro rechiRoma

Munhurume wose aiva mugari wemuRoma aiva nezvinenge zvinhu zvitatu kuzita rake. Aiva nezita rake rokutanga, zita remhuri (raibatanidzwa nerudzi rwake, kana dzinza), uye zita rechipiri. Mumwe muenzaniso wakakurumbira ndiGaius Julius Caesar. Bhaibheri haripi mazita akazara echiRoma, asi nhau dzekunyika dzinoti Agripa aiva Marcus Julius Agripa. Gario aiva Lucius Junius Gario. (Mabasa 18:12; 25:13) Mienzaniso yapaMagwaro miviri yokupedzisira yemazita matatu omunhu ndiPontio Pirato (runyoro rwuri pasi), Sergio Pauro, Kraudio Risia, Porkio Festo.—Mabasa 4:27; 13:7; 23:26; 24:27.

Hazvisi nyore kuziva zvechokwadi kana Paullus rakanga riri zita raSauro rokutanga kana kuti rechipiri. Zvaiva zvakajairika kuwedzera rimwe zita ramadunhurirwa iro munhu aidaidzwa naro nemhuri yake kana nevazivikanwi. Neimwe nzira, zita risiri rechiRoma saSauro raigona kushandiswa serokutsiva. “Hazvaimboita kuti [Sauro] rive zita rechiRoma,” imwe nyanzvi inodaro, “asi sezita rekwake rakapiwa sesignum kumugari wemuRoma raizoita zvakanaka zvikuru.” Munzvimbo dzine mitauro yakawanda, mamiriro ezvinhu emunhu aitema kuti nderipi ramazita ake raaizosarudza kushandisa.

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Takapiwa mufananidzo neIsrael Museum, ©Israel Antiquities Authority