Sayenzi Nechitendero—Kutanga Kwehondo
NYANZVI yezvenyeredzi yaiva nemakore 70 yakanga yava kuda kufa, ichiita zvokutamburira kuverenga. Yakanga yakabata mapepa ebhuku rayakanga yanyora, rakanga rangomirira kubudiswa. Ingave yaizviziva kana kuti kwete, bhuku rayo raizochinja maonero aiita vanhu zvinhu zvakasikwa. Raizoitawo kuti pave nokunetsana kwakasimba muchiKristudhomu, kune migumisiro ichiripo nanhasi.
Murume akanga ava kuda kufa aiva Nicolaus Copernicus, muKaturike wokuPoland, uye gore racho raiva 1543. Bhuku raCopernicus rainzi On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, raiti zuva ndiro riri pakati pezvakasikwa, kwete kuti pasi ndiro riri pakati. Nokubudisa kwaakaita bhuku rimwe chete, Corpenicus akatsiva pfungwa yakaoma kunzwisisa zvikuru yokuti pasi ndiro riri pakati pezvakasikwa nepfungwa iri nyore kunzwisisa zvikuru yokuti zuva ndiro riri pakati pezvakasikwa.
Pakutanga, hapana kana chairatidza kuti paizova nokunetsana. Chimwe chikonzero chacho chaiva chokuti Copernicus aitaura pfungwa dzake akangwara. Uyezve, Chechi yeKaturike, yakanga yambobvuma pfungwa yokuti pasi ndiro riri pakati pezvakasikwa, yaiita sokuti yaigamuchira pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana dzaifungidzirwa nesayenzi panguva iyoyo. Kunyange papa pachake akakurudzira Copernicus kubudisa bhuku rake. Copernicus paakazoribudisa, mumwe mupepeti aitya akanyora sumo yebhuku racho, achitaura kuti pfungwa yokuti zuva ndiro riri pakati pezvakasikwa hachisi chokwadi chinodzidziswa nenyanzvi dzenyeredzi asi kuti ipfungwa inobva muruzivo rwemasvomhu.
Kunetsana Kwacho Kunokora Muto
Nyanzvi yezvenyeredzi yokuItaly, yaivawo nyanzvi yemasvomhu uye yefizikisi Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), aiva muKaturike, ndiye akazoteverawo pakunetsana kwacho. Achishandisa materesikopu aakagadzira nemhando itsva yemalens, Galileo akanyatsoona zvakaita matenga zvakanga zvisati zvamboonekwa nomumwe munhu. Zvaakaona zvakaita kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti Copernicus aitaura chokwadi. Galileo akaonawo tumavara tutema turi pazuva, zvikabva zvaita kuti asava nechokwadi nezvimwe zvaitendwa uye zvaikosheswa nevazivi uye nevechitendero—zvokuti hapana ngozi yokuti zuva richachinja kana kuora.
Kusiyana naCopernicus, Galileo akanga akashinga uye aishingaira kutsigira dzidziso dzake. Uye izvozvo akazviita zvinhu pazvakanga zvakaita manyama amire nerongo muchitendero, nokuti panguva iyoyo Chechi yeKaturike yakanga yafumurwa nedzidziso yaCopernicus. Saka, Galileo paakabvuma kuti dzidziso yokuti zuva ndiro riri pakati pezvakasikwa yakarurama uyewo inoenderana neMagwaro, chechi yakafunga kuti ava kupanduka.a
Galileo akaenda kuRoma kuti anozvidzivirira asi haana kubudirira. Muna 1616 chechi yakamurayira kuti arege kutsigira Copernicus. Galileo akarambidzwa kutaura pfungwa dzake kwekanguva. Zvadaro muna 1632 akabudisa rimwe bhuku achitsigira Copernicus. Gore rakatevera racho chairo, Dare reChechi Rinobvunzurudza rakatongera Galileo upenyu hwose mujeri. Zvisinei, richifunga nezvezera rake, rakakurumidza kuchinja mutongo wacho kuti uve womusungwa anogara pamba.
Vakawanda vanoona kunetsana kwaGalileo nechechi sokukunda kukuru kwakaita sayenzi ichikunda chitendero neBhaibheri. Zvisinei, sezvatichaona munyaya inotevera, mhedziso iyi isina kutsarukana inosiya zvimwe zvinokosha.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Galileo akanyanya kuzvivengesa nevanhu nemapinduriro ake uye kutsvinya kwakanyanya. Uyewo paakati pfungwa yokuti zuva ndiro riri pakati pezvakasikwa inoenderana neMagwaro, akazviita nyanzvi yezvechitendero, izvo zvakatonyanya kushatirisa chechi.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 3]
Copernicus
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Zvakatorwa mubhuku rinonzi Giordano Bruno and Galilei (mumutauro wokuGermany)
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 3]
Galileo anozvidzivirira pamberi peDare reChechi Rinobvunzurudza reRoma
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Kubva mubhuku rinonzi The Historian’s History of the World, Vol. IX, 1904
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 3]
Nechokumashure: Chati iri kuratidza pfungwa yaCopernicus’ yezvinhu zvakasikwa