Tel Arad Inopupurira Chinyararire
Guta rakatsakatika. Temberi inoshamisa. Zvinyorwa zvekare zvakawanda. Zvinhu zvakadai zvinowanzobuda mumafirimu anonakidza. Kutaura zvazviri, zvose izvi nezvimwewo zvakanga zvakafukidzwa kwemazana emakore nejecha romugwenga riri kuTel Arad kuIsrael kusvikira vanochera matongo vatanga kuchera munzvimbo iyi.
ARADHI iriko mazuva ano inoonekwa nevanhu vakawanda vanoshanya seguta rokuIsrael rakangoitawo semamwe. Guta iri rinogara vanhu 27 000, uye riri murenje reJudhiya nechokumadokero kweGungwa Rakafa. Zvisinei, guta reAradhi rinotaurwa muBhaibheri raiva kure nemakiromita masere nechokumadokero kweguta remazuva ano. Apa ndipo pakawana vanochera matongo zvinhu zvakawanda uye zvinyorwa zvekare pashure pokunge vanyatsochera mujecha.
Zvinyorwa zvekare izvi zvakawanikwa pazvaenga zvaishandiswa semahwendefa. Ndiyo nzira yaiwanzoshandiswa pakunyora munguva inotaurwa muBhaibheri. Kuchera kwakaitwa kuTel Arad kwakawanisa muunganidzwa mukuru wezvaenga zvisati zvambowanikwa muIsrael. Saka, kuchera matongo uku kunobatsirei?
Zvakawanikwa kuTel Arad zvinotaura nhoroondo yakareba yomuBhaibheri, kubvira mumazuva eVatongi veIsraeri kusvikira muna 607 B.C.E. pakaparadzwa guta revaJudha nevaBhabhironi. Saka zvinhu zvakawanikwa izvi zvinobatsirawo kuratidza kuti Bhaibheri rakarurama. Zvinopawo mienzaniso yakajeka inoratidza maonero aiita vanhu vomuIsraeri yekare zita raMwari.
Aradhi neBhaibheri
Ichokwadi kuti Bhaibheri haritauri zvakawanda nezveAradhi. Asi guta iri rakanga riri panzvimbo yakanaka zvokuti raitarisira mugwagwa mukuru waifambirwa nevezvokutengeserana. Saka hazvishamisi kuti mashoko aripo enhoroondo dzekare nezvinhu zvakawanikwa nevanochera matongo zvinoratidza kuti guta iri revaKenani nerevaJudha vekare, raigara richingokundwa, richiparadzwa, uye richingovakwazve munguva yakanaka neyakaipa. Kugara richingovakwa kwakaita kuti pave nomurwi wemavhu zvichiratidza kuti paimbova neguta.
Bhaibheri rinotanga kutaura nezveAradhi parinotaura nezvevaIsraeri pavakanga vava kuda kupedza rwendo rwavo rwemakore 40 murenje. Mukoma waMosesi ainzi Aroni achangofa, vanhu vakasvika pedyo nomuganhu wokuchamhembe kweNyika Yakapikirwa. Zviri pachena kuti mambo weAradhi worudzi rwevaKenani paakaona vanhu ava vaidzungaira murenje akangoti dzawira mutswanda. Akavarwisa. Vachitsigirwa naJehovha Mwari, vaIsraeri vakarwawo nesimba vachizvidzivirira ndokumukunda uye vakaparadza guta reAradhi kunyange zvazvo pakapona vamwe vanhu.—Numeri 21:1-3.
VaKenani vakakurumidza kuvaka guta iri raiva pakanaka; Joshua paakasvika munzvimbo iyi makore mashomanana gare gare, akarwisa achibva nechokuchamhembe uye achiparadza vaKenani vose vaiva mu“nzvimbo ine makomo neNegebhu,” mumwe munhu waakarwisa aiva “mambo weAradhi.” (Joshua 10:40; 12:14) Pave paya, vedzinza raHobhabhu muKeni, vaitsigira vaIsraeri pavaiva murenje, vakagara munzvimbo iyi yeNegebhu.—Vatongi 1:16.
Zvakawanikwa Pakuchera Matongo
Matongo ari kuAradhi anotsigira mamwe mashoko ezvimwe zvinhu zviri muBhaibheri zvakazoitika. Somuenzaniso, vanochera matongo vakawana midhuri yakanga yakatevedzana. Mimwe yacho ingangove yomunguva yaitonga Mambo Soromoni, aizivikanwa kuti akaita zvirongwa zvakawanda zvokuvaka maguta. (1 Madzimambo 9:15-19) Humwe uriri hwavakachera hunoratidza kuti nzvimbo yacho yakamboparadzwa nomoto uye zvinonzi zvakaitika pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi B.C.E. Zvakawanikwa izvi zvinowirirana nenguva yakarwiswa nzvimbo iyi naMambo Shishaki weIjipiti, makore mashanu chete Soromoni afa. PaKarnak iri kumaodzanyemba kweIjipiti, pane mudhuri une mifananidzo yokuyeuka kukunda ikoko inobatanidza Aradhi pamaguta akakundwa zvine mutsindo.—2 Makoronike 12:1-4.
Zvinofadza chaizvo kuti pazvaenga zvinenge 200 zvakawanwa, zvakawanda zvacho zvine mazita echiHebheru anowanikwa muBhaibheri akadai saPashuri, Meremoti uye vanakomana vaKora. Mamwe magwaro akadai anobatsira chaizvo nokuti ane zita raMwari. Zvarakanyorwa nemavara mana echiHebheru okuti יהוה (YHWH), anowanzonzi Tetragrammaton, zita rake chairo iri rakasiyana nokuti Mwari Wemasimbaose. Gare gare, vanotenda mashura vakaita kuti vakawanda vafunge kuti kutaura zita raMwari chairo kumhura. Zvisinei, zvakawanikwa kuAradhi kufanana nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinopupurira kuti muguva dzinotaurwa muBhaibheri zita raMwari raishandiswa mazuva ose, pakukwazisa uye pakukomborera. Somuenzaniso, chimwe chaenga chaive chakanyorwa kuti: “Kuna ishe wangu Eriyashibhi. Yahweh [Jehovha] ngaakupei utano hwakanaka. . . . Ari kugara mutemberi yaYahweh.”
Zvisinei, zvakadini netemberi inoshamisa yambotaurwa kwokutanga? Temberi yomunguva yevaJudha ine atari iri kuTel Arad inoita kuti vanhu vafungidzire zvakawanda. Kunyange zvazvo iri duku zvikuru pane temberi yaSoromoni yaiva muJerusarema, yakafanana mune zvakawanda netemberi iyoyo yaiyera. Temberi yokuAradhi yakavakirwei uye yakavakwa rini? Yaishandiswa sei? Vanochera matongo nevanyori venhau dzakaitika kare vanongoita zvokufungidzira.
Jehovha akarayira zvakajeka kuti temberi yaiva muJerusarema ndiyo chete yaifanira kushandiswa pakupemberera mitambo yaiitwa gore negore uye pakupa zvibayiro. (Dheuteronomio 12:5; 2 Makoronike 7:12) Saka temberi yokuAradhi yakavakwa uye yaishandiswa kunyange zvazvo izvi zvaipesana noMutemo waMwari zvichida panguva iyo vaIsraeri vaishandisa dzimwe atari uye dzimwe mhemberero pane kunamata Jehovha nenzira yakarurama. (Ezekieri 6:13) Kana zviri izvo, temberi iyi yenhema ingave yakaparadzwa munguva yaitonga Hezekiya kana kuti Josiya mumazana emakore echisere neechinomwe B.C.E.—2 Makoronike 31:1; 34:3-5, 33.
Zviri pachena kuti zvishoma zvakawanikwa kuAradhi zvinotidzidzisa zvakawanda. Pashure pezviuru zvemakore, zvinhu zvakawanikwa izvi zvekare zvave zvichipupurira kuti Bhaibheri rakarurama, kuti vanhu vaimboedza kutevedzera kunamata kwechokwadi vachitadza, uye zvinoratidza kuti zita raJehovha raigara richishandiswa mazuva ose richiremekedzwa.
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(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
JERUSAREMA
Gungwa Rakafa
Aradhi
Tel Arad
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
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Mudhuri une mifananidzo paKarnak, kuIjipiti
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 25]
Mamwe mashoko acho anoti: “Yahweh [Jehovha] ngaakupei utano hwakanaka”
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Photograph © Israel Museum, Jerusalem; courtesy of Israel Antiquities Authority
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Chimwe chikamu chetemberi paTel Arad, chinoratidza zvakaita atari
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Zvakaita shongwe yeTel Arad nechokumabvazuva
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Todd Bolen/Bible Places.com