Founga ke Maʻu ʻAonga Ai mei he Nusipepá
“Ko e valé ē ka ko e tangata ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai ʻaupito te ne lau ha nusipepá; ʻoku toe vale ange ʻa e tangata ia ʻoku tui ki he meʻa ʻokú ne laú koeʻuhí pē he ʻoku ʻi he nusipepá.”—August von Schlözer, ko e faihisitōlia Siamane mo e fainusipepa ʻo e konga ki mui ʻo e senituli hono 18.
ʻI HA savea ʻe taha naʻe ʻeke ai ki ha kakai ʻe laui afe ʻi Pilitānia mo Falanisē ʻa e lahi ʻo e falala ʻoku nau tuku ki he kautaha taki taha ʻe 13. Ko e ongoongó naʻe fakamuimui tahá, naʻa mo e hili ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga fakapolitikí mo e pisinisi lalahí. ʻI he ʻIunaite Seteté, ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e kau lautohí ʻoku nau kei pehē pē ʻoku nau tui ki heʻenau nusipepá. Ka ko e ngaahi savea naʻe fai ʻe he Senitā Fakatotolo Pew ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai kuo hōloa ʻa e peseti ʻo e kau tuí.
ʻOku faʻa ʻi ai ʻa e fakatonuhia ki he tui veiveiuá, tautefito ʻi he taimi ʻoku kau ai ʻi he meʻa ʻoku leaʻakí ʻa e ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga fakapuleʻanga ʻa e fonua ko ia ʻoku pulusi ai ʻa e nusipepá. Ko e hā leva ʻoku hokó? ʻOku faʻa feilaulauʻi ʻa e moʻoní ia. Hangē ko ia naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻi ha taimi ʻe taha ʻe Arthur Ponsonby, ko ha taki fakapuleʻanga Pilitānia ʻo e senituli hono 20: “ʻI hono talaki ʻa e taú, ko e Moʻoní ʻa e ʻuluaki meʻa ʻoku fakaʻauhá.”
Naʻa mo e taimi kuo ʻikai ke talaki ai ʻa e taú, ʻoku fakapotopoto ke sivisiviʻi ʻa e ongoongó ʻaki ʻa e tui veiveiua ʻi ha tuʻunga lahi. “Oku tui e he tae boto ki he lea kotoabe,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa ha palōveepi Fakatohitapu, “ka oku tokaga lahi aia oku aga fakabotoboto ki he ene alu.” (Palovepi 14:15, PM) Kapau ʻokú ke ngāueʻaki ha tokanga feʻungamālie, ʻe lava ke fakalato ʻe he nusipepá ʻi ha tuʻunga lahi ʻa hoʻo holi ki he ongoongo ʻokú ke fiemaʻú.
Ko e Mahuʻinga ʻo e Ongoongó
Ko e ongoongo ʻi he mītiá ʻoku mahuʻinga ia he ʻahó ni koeʻuhí ʻokú ne tokoniʻi kitautolu ke tau ʻiloʻi ʻa e meʻa ʻoku hoko ʻi he māmaní. Pea ʻoku mātuʻaki mahuʻinga ʻa e fai peheé. Ko e hā hono ʻuhingá? Koeʻuhi ko e lahi ʻo e meʻa ʻoku hoko he ʻaho ní naʻe tomuʻa tala ia ʻe he palōfita lahi taha ʻa ia kuo moʻui maí, ʻa Sīsū Kalaisi. ʻI hono ʻeke ange fekauʻaki mo e ngataʻanga ʻo e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ko ení, naʻá ne pehē ai ko e taimi ʻo e ngataʻangá ʻe fakaʻilongaʻiʻaki ia ʻa e ngaahi tau, ko ha tupulekina ʻa e maumau-laó, nounou fakameʻatokoni, mahaki fakaʻauha, mofuike pea mo e ngaahi meʻa kehe felāveʻi mo ia.—Mātiu 24:3-14; Luke 21:7-11.
ʻOku toe pehē ʻe he Tohi Tapú: “Ka hokosia ʻa e kuonga fakamui, ʻe ai ha ngaahi taimi faingataʻa.” ʻOku tānaki mai ʻi he kikite ko ení ʻo pehē ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e “kuonga fakamui” ko ení, ʻe hoko ai ʻa e kakaí ko e kau “ʻofa kiate kinautolu pe, te nau ʻofa ki he paʻanga” pea “talangataʻa ki he matuʻa.” Te nau “taeʻofa-ki-hoʻota” pea te nau “taʻefakamaʻumaʻu, ko e kau angafakamanu, ko e kau taeʻofa ki he lelei, ko e kau lavaki, ko e kau ʻohonoa, ko e kau loto ʻaoʻaofia ʻi he ʻafungi, ko e kau ʻofa ki he malie ʻo ʻikai ʻofa ki he ʻOtua.”—Fakaʻītali ʻamautolu; 2 Timote 3:1-5.
ʻOku ʻikai ha veiveiua ʻokú ke sio ki he kikite Fakatohitapu ko ení ʻi hono fakahoko ʻi ho feituʻú tonu. Pea ko e meʻa ʻoku hoko ʻi māmani lahí—hangē ko ia ʻoku līpooti ʻi he ngaahi nusipepá—ʻoku hoko pē ia ke fakapapauʻi ai ʻa e totonu ʻo e ngaahi kikite Fakatohitapú. ʻOku ʻuhinga ení ʻe lava ke tau tui ki he meʻa kotoa pē ʻoku tau lau ʻi he nusipepá? ʻIkai, naʻa mo e faʻahinga ʻoku nau līʻoa ki he pisinisi ʻo e nusipepá ʻoku nau fakahaaʻi ʻa e fiemaʻu ke tokangá.
Mahinoʻi ʻa e Ngaahi Polé
ʻOku fai ʻe he tokotaha kotoa ʻa e ngaahi fehālaaki, naʻa mo e kau palōfesinale faitotonu mo pōtoʻi tahá. “ʻI hoku taʻu ʻe tolu ʻo e hoko ko ha tokotaha sivi tauʻatāina ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e moʻoni ʻo ha pepá,” naʻe tohi ʻe Ariel Hart ʻi he Columbia Journalism Review, “Kuo teʻeki ai ʻaupito ke u sivi ha talanoa ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai ʻi ai ha ngaahi fehālaaki, ʻo tatau ai pē pe ʻoku peesi ʻe nima ʻa hono lōloá pe palakalafi ʻe ua.” ʻOkú ne lave ki he ngaahi fakatātā hangē ko ení “ʻoku kiʻi kehe ʻa e taʻú; motuʻa ʻa e fakamatalá; ngaahi sipela hala; fakamatala ʻoku līpooti lahi ko e toʻo mei ha maʻuʻanga fakamatala fika ua, ka ʻoku hala.”
Kuo pau ke fāinga ʻa e kau fainusipepá mo e ngaahi maʻuʻanga fakamatala foʻou taʻefalalaʻanga. ʻI he taimi ʻe niʻihi, ʻoku fafangaʻi ai ʻa e ongoongó ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi loi. ʻI he 1999 naʻe tuku atu ai ʻe ha tangata ngāue kākā ha ongoongo ko ha talanoa loi ʻo fekauʻaki mo “ha paʻake fakafiefia tisaini hangē ha faʻitoká,” ʻo poupouʻi ia ko e moʻoni ʻaki ha Uepisaiti tohoaki tokanga, ʻa ha kautaha langa loi pea mo ha laine telefoni ki ha ngaahi fakaʻekeʻeke, ʻa ia naʻe ngāueʻaki ʻe he tokotaha kākaá ke ne fakangalingali ai ko e tokotaha lea fakafofonga ia ʻa e kautahá. Ko e tafaʻaki fakahoko ongoongo ʻa e Kautaha Ongoongó naʻe ʻikai lava ke nau ʻiloʻi ʻa e foʻi kākaá, ko ia naʻe līpooti holo ai ʻe he ngaahi nusipepa fakaʻaho lahi ʻi he ʻIunaite Seteté ʻa e foʻi talanoá. Ko e fakapulipuli ʻo e ngaahi loi lavameʻá ʻoku pehē “ko ha foʻi talanoa fakaʻaiʻai, matamatalelei lahi ki he sió, ʻa ia ʻoku fakaʻohovale ka ʻoku fai ʻa e ala tui ki ai.”
Naʻa mo e kau fainusipepa taumuʻa leleí ʻoku ʻikai maʻu pē ke tonu ʻenau maʻu ʻa e talanoá. “ʻOku faʻa ngāue ʻa e kau fainusipepá ʻi ha tuʻunga fakavavevave,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa ha faʻu-tohi ʻi Pōlani. “Ko e ngaahi nusipepá ʻoku nau feʻauʻauhi. ʻOku loto ʻa e nusipepa taki taha ke hoko ko e ʻuluaki ia ke ne pulusi ʻa e ongoongó. ʻI he ʻuhinga ko iá ko e tokolahi ʻo kimautolu, neongo te mau saiʻia ke hoko ʻo pehē, ʻoku ʻikai te mau malava ke hiki ha kupu kuo fakatotoloʻi lelei.”
Ngaahi Tenge ke Fai ki Ai
Ko e Freedom of the Press 2003—A Global Survey of Media Independence naʻá ne fakakalasi ʻa e fonua ʻe 115 mei he 193 ki he ʻikai ke tauʻatāina pe ko ʻenau tauʻatāina fakakonga pē. Kae kehe, ko hono kākaaʻi olopoto ʻo e ongoongó ʻoku lava ke hoko ia naʻa mo e ʻi he ngaahi fonua ko ia ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e tauʻatāina ʻi he faiongoongó.
ʻI he taimi ʻe niʻihi, ʻoku ʻikai pē fakakau ʻa e kau fainusipepa ia ʻe niʻihi ki hono maʻu ʻa e ongoongo mahuʻingá, lolotonga ia ko e niʻihi kehe ʻoku nau fakakaukau ʻi he founga ʻoku ala tali lahí ʻoku nau maʻu ʻo fakangatangata pē kia kinautolu ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻekeʻeke mo e ngaahi fakaafe ke ō fakataha mo e kau politikí ʻi heʻenau ngaahi folaú. Ko e paʻanga hū mai mei he kau fai tuʻuakí ʻoku toe lava ke ne tākiekina ʻa e līpōtí. “ʻE fakamanamana nai ʻa e kautaha totongi tuʻuakí ke toʻo ʻa e ngaahi tuʻuaki ʻoku maʻu ai ʻa e tupú kapau ʻe pulusi ʻe he ʻētitá ha meʻa pē ʻoku taʻepau fekauʻaki mo e kautaha totongi tuʻuakí,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa ha fainusipepa Pōlani. Pea naʻe fakatokanga mai ha ʻētita fainusipepa ʻi ha nusipepa Siapani ʻo pehē, “Manatuʻi ʻoku faingataʻa ʻaupito ke maʻu ha līpooti ongoongo moʻoni.”
‘ʻI heʻene peheé,’ te ke ʻeke nai, ‘kapau ʻoku fehangahangai ʻa e kau fainusipepa palōfesinalé mo e ngaahi palopalema pehē ʻi hono faʻu ʻa e ngaahi kupuʻi lea ke pulusí, ʻe ʻiloʻi fēfē ʻe he tokotaha lautohí ʻa e meʻa ke tui ki aí?’
Fiemaʻu ha Vakai Mafamafatatau
ʻOku hā mahino, ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻa e ʻiloʻilo. “ʻO ʻikai koā sivi ʻe ha telinga ʻa e meʻa ʻoku tala, ʻo hange ʻoku kamata maʻaku ʻe he ʻoʻaoʻingutu ʻa e meʻakai?” ko e ʻeke ia ʻa e pēteliake ko Siopé. (Siope 12:11) ʻOku fiemaʻu ke sivisiviʻi fakalelei ʻe he tokotaha lautohí ʻa e meʻa ʻoku tohí ke sio pe ʻoku ongo moʻoni. ʻOkú ne ʻahiʻahiʻi mo filifili fakapotopoto ai, hangē ko e laú, ʻa e meʻa ʻoku totonú. Ko ha ākonga ʻa Sīsū Kalaisi ʻi he ʻuluaki senitulí naʻá ne tohi ʻo fakaongoongoleleiʻi ʻa e faʻahinga ko ia naʻa nau fanongo ki he ʻapositolo ko Paulá ka naʻa nau toe sivisiviʻi ʻa e ngaahi maʻuʻanga fakamatala ʻa Paulá ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e moʻoni ʻo e meʻa naʻá ne akoʻí.—Ngāue 17:11; 1 Tesalonaika 5:21.
ʻI he tuʻunga meimei tatau, ʻe ʻeke nai ʻe ha tokotaha lau nusipepa kiate ia ʻa e ngaahi fehuʻi hangē ko ení: Ko e hā ʻa e puipuituʻa ʻo e tokotaha tohí? Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻokú ne tomuʻa fehiʻa aí? ʻOku lave ʻa e talanoá ki ha ngaahi moʻoniʻi meʻa ʻo ʻikai ko e fakamahamahalo ʻa ia ʻe lava ke fakapapauʻi ʻe he niʻihi kehé? Ko hai nai ʻokú ne mahuʻingaʻia ʻi hono mioʻi ʻa e moʻoní? ʻI he fakapotopotó, ʻe lava ke vakaiʻi ʻe he tokotaha lautohí ʻa e ngaahi maʻuʻanga fakamatala kehe ke fakapapauʻiʻaki. Te ne toe lāulea mo e niʻihi kehé ki he meʻa ʻokú ne laú. “Koia oku aeva fakataha moe kakai boto e boto ai ia,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa ha palōveepi Fakatohitapu.—Palovepi 13:20, PM.
ʻI he taimi tatau, ʻoua ʻe ʻamanekina ʻa e haohaoá. Hangē ko ia kuo tau mamata ki aí, ʻoku taʻofi ʻe he ngaahi meʻa tefito kehekehe ʻa e ngaahi nusipepá mei heʻenau hoko ʻo moʻoni fakaʻaufulí. Neongo ia, ʻe lava ke nau kei tokoniʻi koe ke ke hanganaki ʻilo fekauʻaki mo e meʻa ʻoku lolotonga hoko ʻi he māmaní. ʻOku mahuʻinga ke tau ʻalu fakataha mo e taimí, he ko Sīsū, ʻi heʻene lea fekauʻaki mo e taimi tonu ʻa ia ʻoku tau moʻui aí, naʻá ne ekinaki: “Mou ʻā pē.” (Maake 13:33) ʻE lava ke tokoniʻi koe ʻe hoʻo nusipepá ke ke fai pehē, lolotonga ia ʻokú ke lāuʻilo ki hono ngaahi tuʻunga fakangatangatá.
[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 10]
ʻI HE TAPUA MAI HE ONGOONGÓ ʻA E FILIFILIMĀNAKÓ
Ko e fakafofongahalaʻi ʻi he ongoongó ʻoku faʻa tupu ia mei he līpooti fakavavevave pe fakamatala hala. Neongo ia, ko e ngaahi talanoa taumuʻa lelei peheé ʻe lava ke nau fakamafola vave ʻa e ngaahi loi mafatukituki. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá, ko e ngaahi feinga ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ke fakamatala halá ʻoku fai fakakaukauʻi ia, hangē ko ia naʻe hoko ʻi Siamane Nasi ʻi hono fakamafola ʻa e ngaahi loi ʻo fekauʻaki mo e kakai ʻo ha ngaahi matakali mo e lotu pau.
Fakakaukau atu ki he ola ʻo ha feingangāue naʻe ʻikai lava ʻo fakapuliki lelei naʻe fakahoko ʻikai fuʻu fuoloa lolotonga ha keisi ki he ngaahi totonu ʻa e tangatá ʻi Mosikou, Lūsia. “ʻI he taimi naʻe fai ai ʻe he tamaiki fefine ʻe toko tolu ha taonakita ʻi Mosikou,” ko e līpooti ia ʻa e nusipepa The Globe and Mail ʻo Toronto, Kānatá, “naʻe fakahuʻunga he taimi pē ko iá ʻe he mītia ʻi Lūsiá ʻo pehē ko e kau muimui loto-māfana tōtuʻa kinautolu ʻo e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová.”
Ko e ngaahi talanoa ongoongo pehē naʻe hā ʻi Fepueli 9, 1999, ʻa e ʻaho naʻe toe hoko atu ai ʻe ha fakamaauʻanga sivile ha hopo ʻa ia naʻe fakataumuʻa ki hono tapui ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ʻi he kolo ko Mosikoú. Ko Geoffrey York ʻo e Vaʻa Nusipepa The Globe and Mail ʻo Mosikoú naʻá ne līpooti: “Naʻe fakahaaʻi ki mui ʻe he kau polisí ko e tamaiki fefiné naʻe ʻikai haʻanau kaunga ʻe taha ki he lotu mavahé. Ka ʻi he aʻu mai ki he taimi ko ení naʻe ʻosi fakahoko ai ʻi ha sēnolo televīsone Lūsia hano ʻohofi foʻou ʻo e lotu mavahé, ʻo tala ai ki he kau mamatá kuo ngāue fakataha ʻa e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová mo ʻAtolofi Hitilā ʻi Siamane Nasi—neongo ʻa e fakamoʻoni fakahisitōlia ko e laui afe ʻo honau kau mēmipá ko e kau maʻukovia kinautolu ʻo e ngaahi kemi fakamamahi ʻa e kau Nasí.”
Ko hono olá, ʻi he ʻatamai ʻo e tokolahi ʻo e kakai naʻe fakamatala hala ki ai pea mahalo naʻa nau manavaheé, ko e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ko ha lotu mavahe fakatupu taonakita pe ko e kau kaungāngāue kinautolu ʻo e kau Nasí!
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 7]
Naʻe tomuʻa tala ʻe Sīsū Kalaisi ʻa e lahi ʻo e meʻa ʻoku tau sio ai he taimí ni ʻoku līpooti ʻi he nusipepá
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 8]
ʻOku fakapapauʻi ʻi he ngaahi līpooti ʻa e nusipepá ʻa e ngaahi kikite Fakatohitapú
[Maʻuʻanga]
FAO photo/B. Imevbore
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 8, 9]
Naʻe fai ʻa e fakaongoongolelei ki he faʻahinga naʻa nau vakaiʻi ʻa e maʻuʻanga fakamatala ki he akonaki ʻa e ʻapositolo ko Paulá, ko ha toe tōʻonga fakapotopoto ia ʻi he taimi ʻo hono lau ʻa e līpooti ongoongo anga-kehé