Faitoʻo Kona Tapú—Ko Hai ʻOkú Ne Ngāueʻaki Iá?

MEI HE TOKOTAHA-TOHI ʻĀ HAKE! ʻI ʻAFILIKA TONGA

“ʻOKU ngāueʻaki ʻe he tokotaha kotoa ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapú.” Ko e fakamatala fakalūkufua ko iá ʻe lava nai ke ngāueʻaki ke fakaʻaiʻai ʻa e taʻetaukeí ke ne ʻahiʻahiʻi ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapu taʻefakalaó. Kae fakatuʻunga ʻi he anga ʻo ʻetau fakaʻuhingaʻi ʻa e “ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapú,” ko e ngaahi lea ko iá ʻoku ʻi ai pē ʻene kiʻi moʻoni.

Ko e foʻi lea “faitoʻo kona tapú” ʻoku fakaʻuhinga peheni ia: “Ko ha kemikale tefito pē, pe ʻoku tupu fakanatula pe toki faʻu, ʻa ia ʻe lava ke ngāueʻaki ke ne liliu ʻa e mahinó, ongoʻí pe ko e ngaahi tuʻunga fakaʻatamai kehé.” Ko ha fakamatala ʻaonga mo kaunga lahi ia ki he meʻa ʻoku ui ko e ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapu uesia ʻatamai, neongo ʻoku ʻikai ke kāpui ai ʻa e ngaahi foʻiʻakau pe vai fakafaitoʻo ʻoku ngāueʻaki ki he ngaahi puke fakaesinó.

Fakatatau ki he fakamatala ko iá, ko e ʻolokaholó ko ha faitoʻo kona tapu ia. Ko e fakatuʻutāmakí ʻoku ʻi hono ngāueʻaki taʻefakafuofua iá, ʻa ia ʻoku hā mahino ʻa ʻene fakautuutú. Ko ha savea ʻo e ngaahi kolisí mo e ngaahi ʻunivēsití ʻi ha fonua ʻo e Hihifó naʻe ʻilo ai ko e “inu taʻemapuleʻí ʻa e palopalema fakafaitoʻo kona tapu mafatukituki taha ʻi he kau ako ʻi he ngaahi kolisí.” Naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻi he saveá ko e peseti ʻe 44 ʻo e kau akó ko e kau inu taʻemapuleʻi.a

ʻI he hangē ko e ʻolokaholó, ʻoku ala maʻu fakalao ʻa e tapaká, neongo ʻoku ʻi ai ha meʻa kona mālohi, ʻa ia ko e nikotiní. Fakatatau ki he Kautaha Moʻui ʻa Māmaní, ʻoku tāmateʻi ʻe he ifí ʻa e kakai ʻe toko fā miliona nai ʻi he taʻu. Neongo ia ko e kau tangata maʻu mafai lahi ʻi he tapaká, ko e kau mēmipa tuʻumālie mo fakaʻapaʻapaʻia kinautolu ʻo e sōsaietí. Ko e ifi sikaletí ʻoku toe fakatupu maʻunimā lahi mo ia, mahalo ʻoku toe lahi ange ia ʻi hono ngāueʻaki ʻo e ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapu taʻefakalao lahi.

ʻI he ngaahi taʻu ki mui ní kuo taʻofi ai ʻe he ngaahi fonua lahi ʻa hono tuʻuaki ʻo e tapaká pea fokotuʻu mo e ngaahi fakangatangata kehe. Ka neongo ia, ʻoku kei sio pē ʻa e kakai tokolahi ia ki he ifí ko ha ngāue fakasōsiale ia ʻoku ala tali. ʻOku kei hokohoko atu pē ʻa hono ʻai ʻa e ifí ke fakaholomamata ʻe he ngaahi kautaha heleʻuhilá. Ko ha savea ʻa e ʻUnivēsiti ʻo Kalefōnia ʻi San Francisco fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi faiva fakatupu paʻanga lahi taha ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e taʻu 1991 mo e 1996 naʻe ʻilo ai ko e peseti ʻe 80 ʻo e kau tangata tuʻu-ki-muʻa ʻi he faivá naʻa nau fakatātaaʻi ʻa e faʻahinga naʻa nau ifi.

Fēfē ʻa e Ngaahi Faitoʻo ʻOku “Fakalaó”?

Ko e ngaahi foʻiʻakau pe vai fakafaitoʻó kuo ʻaonga moʻoni ia ki he tokolahi, ka ʻoku lava ke ngāuekoviʻaki ia. ʻOku fuʻu faingofua nai ʻa hono tohi mai ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻe he kau toketaá ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻó, pe ʻoku tenge nai kinautolu ʻe he kau mahakí ke nau tohi mai ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻo ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai ke fiemaʻu. Naʻe fakamatala ha toketā ʻe taha: “ʻOku ʻikai maʻu pē ke vaheʻi ha taimi ʻe he kau toketaá ke tangutu hifo ai mo e tokotaha mahakí ke kumi ʻa e tupuʻanga ʻo e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo hono mahakí. ʻOku faingofua ange ke pehē, ‘ʻAlu mo e foʻiʻakau ko ení.’ Ka ʻoku ʻikai ke fai ha ngāue ia ki he palopalema tefitó.”

Naʻa mo e ngaahi foʻiʻakau ʻoku ʻikai ke tohi mai, hangē ko e ʻesipiliní mo e palasitamoló (Tailenolo, Panatolo), kapau ʻe ngāuekoviʻaki ʻe lava ke iku ia ki he ngaahi palopalema fakaemoʻui mafatukituki. ʻOku laka hake he kakai ʻe toko 2,000 ʻi māmani lahi ʻoku nau mate ʻi he taʻu taki taha ko e tupu mei hono ngāuehalaʻaki ʻa e palasitamoló.

Fakatatau ki heʻetau fakamatala ki muʻa angé, ko e kefini ʻi he tií mo e kofí ko ha toe meʻa tefito ia ʻoku fakatupu maʻunimā, neongo ʻoku ʻikai ke tau faʻa vakai ki ai ʻoku pehē, ʻi he taimi ʻoku tau inu ai ʻa e tī pe kofi ʻoku tau saiʻia aí ʻi he houa kai pongipongí. Pea ʻe ngali vale ke vakai ki he ngaahi inu ʻoku talilahia ʻe he sōsaietí hangē ko e tií pe ko e kofí ʻoku ʻi he tafaʻaki tatau mo e ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapu fakatupu maumau hangē ko e heloiní. ʻE hangē ia ko hano fakahoa ha kiʻi pusi lalata ki ha laione fekaí. Ka neongo ia, fakatatau ki ha kau mataotao ʻi he moʻuileleí, kapau ʻokú ke tōʻongaʻaki ʻa hono inu ʻo lahi ange ʻi he ipu kofi ʻe nimá pe ko e ipu tī ʻe hivá ʻi he ʻaho, ʻe lava ke ne fakatupunga ha maumau kiate koe. ʻIkai ko ia pē, kapau te ke fakasiʻisiʻi mālohi ʻa hono maʻu lahi iá, ʻe lava ke ke tofanga ʻi he ngaahi ongoʻi kovi ʻo meimei tatau mo ia naʻe hoko ki ha tokotaha inu tī ʻa ia naʻá ne hokosia ʻa e lua, ngaahi langa ʻulu lahi, pea kovi kiate ia ʻa e māmá.

Fēfē ʻa Hono Ngāueʻaki Taʻefakalao ʻo e Ngaahi Faitoʻo Kona Tapú?

Ko ha ʻīsiu ʻoku toe lahi ange ai ʻa e fakakikihí ko hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapú ʻi he ngaahi vaʻinga sipotí. Naʻe fakamamafaʻi eni ʻi he feʻauhi lova pasikala Tour de France ʻo e 1998 ʻi he taimi naʻe kapusi ai ʻa e kau ʻaka pasikala ʻe toko hiva ʻo e timi naʻe takí ʻi hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapu ʻokú ne fakaivimālohiʻi ʻa e fakahoko vaʻinga ʻa ha tokotaha sipoti. Kuo faʻufaʻu ʻe he kau ʻatelitá ʻa e ngaahi founga kehekehe ke fakafepakiʻiʻaki ʻa hono sivi ʻo e faitoʻo kona tapú. ʻOku līpooti ʻe he makasini Time ʻo pehē kuo aʻu ʻo fai ʻe he niʻihi ʻa e “‘fetongi tuʻuofí,’ ko hono ʻuhingá [ko e] tuʻuofi ‘maʻa’ ʻo ha taha kehe ʻoku fakahū atu ia ki honau tangamimí fakafou ʻi ha tiupi, ko ha founga ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa langa lahi.”

Kuo teʻeki ai te tau lāulea ki he fokotuʻunga fakatupu puputuʻu ʻo e ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapu taʻefakalao ʻoku ngāueʻaki ki he ngaahi taumuʻa “fakafiefiá.” ʻOku kau ki he ngaahi meʻá ni ʻa e maliuaná, meʻa fakakāvealoto (methylenedioxy-methamphetamine, pe MDMA), LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), uppers (ngaahi meʻa fakalongomoʻui hangē ko e kōkeiní mo e ʻemifetaminí), downers (ngaahi meʻa fakafiemālie hangē ko e ngaahi foʻiʻakau fakanongá) mo e heloiní. ʻOku ʻikai foki ke ngalo ʻa e ngaahi meʻa mihi kehekehe, hangē ko e kuluú mo e penisiní, ʻa ia ʻoku manakoa ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e toʻutupú. Ko e moʻoni, ko e ngaahi meʻa mihi ko ení ʻoku ʻikai ko ha ngaahi meʻa tefito ia ʻoku tapui pea ʻoku ʻosi ala maʻu pē ia.

Ko e foʻi fakakaukau anga-maheni ʻo hono huhu ha taha tutue ʻoku maʻunimā ʻe he faitoʻo kona tapú ʻi ha loki ʻoku fakapoʻupoʻulí ʻe lava ke hoko ia ʻo fakatupu takihalaʻi. Ko e tokolahi ʻoku maʻunimā ʻe he faitoʻo kona tapú ʻoku kei malava pē ke nau ngāue ʻi ha tuʻunga anga-maheni ʻi he moʻui fakaʻahó, neongo ko e maʻunimā kinautolú kuo pau ke uesia ai ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo ʻenau moʻuí ʻi ha tuʻunga lahi ange pe siʻi ange. Ka neongo ia, ʻoku ʻikai lava ke tau fakasiʻia ʻa e tafaʻaki fakalilifu ʻo e ngāue ʻa e faitoʻo kona tapú. ʻOku fakamatala ha tokotaha-tohi ʻe taha ki he anga ʻo e “malava [ʻe he faʻahinga ʻoku nau ngāueʻaki ʻa e kōkeiní] ke fai ha ‘huhu’ tuʻo lahi hokohoko ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi nounou, ʻo liliu honau sinó ki ha tuʻunga palakū ʻo ha mahokohokaʻi hui, totoʻia mo takatakaʻuli.”

Hili ha tōlalo naʻe hā mahino ʻi he konga ki mui ʻo e 1980 tupú, ʻoku toe mahiki hake ʻa hono ngāueʻaki taʻefakalao ʻi māmani lahi ʻa e faitoʻo kona tapú. Naʻe pehē ʻe he makasini Newsweek: “ʻOku lōmekina ʻa e kau maʻu mafaí ʻe he fuʻu hulu fau ʻa hono ʻave fakafufū holo ʻo e faitoʻo kona tapú, ko ha mahiki hake ʻo hono ngāueʻaki ʻo e faitoʻo kona tapú ʻi he meimei kalasí kotoa pea mo e ʻikai ha paʻanga—pea mo ha fakamatala—ke tauʻiʻaki iá.” Ko e nusipepa The Star ʻa Johannesburg, ʻAfilika Tongá, naʻe fakamatala ai ʻo pehē ʻi he fakatatau ki he ngaahi fika ʻa e puleʻangá, “ko e tokotaha ʻi he kakai ʻe toko fā ʻoku nofo ʻi ʻAfilika Tongá ʻoku maʻunimā kinautolu ʻe he ʻolokaholó pe ko e ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapú.”

Naʻe fakamatala ʻe he Kautaha Fakatotolo ki he Fakalakalaka Fakasōsiale ʻa e UN ko e “kau ngaohi faitoʻo kona tapú mo e faʻahinga ʻoku nau fetuku taʻefakalao holo iá . . . kuo nau fokotuʻutuʻu kinautolu ʻi ha tuʻunga fakaemāmani lahi pea tuku ha konga lahi ʻo ʻenau ngaahi tupu ʻi he faitoʻo kona tapú ʻi he ngaahi senitā fakaepaʻanga ʻoku nau tuʻuaki mai ʻa e tupu ʻi ha ʻinivesi fakapulipuli mo fakamānako. . . . Ko e kau fetuku taʻefakalao holo ʻo e faitoʻo kona tapú ʻoku nau malava he taimí ni ke fakahū ʻi muli ʻa e ngaahi tupu ʻoku maʻu taʻefakalaó ʻaki hono hiki takai holo ʻa e paʻangá ʻi he māmaní fakafou ʻi ha fetuʻutaki fakakomipiuta ʻo siʻi ai ʻa hono siviʻi fakapuleʻangá.”

ʻOku hā ko e kau ʻAmelika tokolahi ʻoku nau ala fakaʻaho nai ki he kōkeiní, neongo ʻoku nau taʻeʻilo ki ai. Ko ha kupu ʻi he makasini Discover naʻe fakamatala ai ko e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi lauʻi paʻanga pepa ʻAmeliká ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e faitoʻo kona tapú.

Ko hono moʻoní, ko e ngāueʻaki ʻi he ʻahó ni ʻo e ngaahi foʻiʻakau fakafaitoʻó mo e faitoʻo fakafiemoheá, ʻo kau ai ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapu taʻefakalaó, kuo hoko ia ʻo tali lelei ʻe he tokolahi, ʻo vakai ki ai ko ha konga ia ʻo e moʻui fakaʻahó. ʻI he vakai atu ki he maumau lahi kuo fakatupunga ki he kakaí ʻe he ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapu taʻefakalaó pehē ki he tapaká mo e ʻolokaholó, ko e fehuʻi mahinó leva eni, Ko e hā ʻoku ngāuekoviʻaki ai ia ʻe he kakaí? ʻI heʻetau fakakaukauloto atu ki he fehuʻi ko ení, ko ha taimi lelei eni ke fakakaukau ai ki heʻetau vakai tonu ʻo fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi meʻa tefito ko iá.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 3]

Ko e inu taʻemapuleʻí ko ha palopalema lahi ia ʻi he kau ako tokolahi ʻi he kolisí

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 5]

ʻOku vakai ʻa e tokolahi ki he sikaletí mo e ngaahi faitoʻo kona tapu “fakafiefiá”ʻoku ʻikai hano maumau