Ogya! Adwinnade Bɛn na Ɛsɛ sɛ Wode Dum No?

HWƐ mpɛn dodow a yetwam wɔ ɔwɛmfo kumaa a wayɛ dinn bɔ fasu ho no ho pɛɛ a yensusuw ne ho mpo! Nanso, da bi ɛbɛbɔ yɛn adwumayɛbea anaa adwinnan anaa yɛn fie ho ban na anhyew. Nnwinnade a ɛnkyere so biara a wɔde dum gya betumi asiw ɔhaw ketewa bi—te sɛ kankyee a esi gya so a ase rehyew anaa nkataanim a ogya tɔ mu—ano, na anyɛ kɛse. Te sɛ nnwinnade a wɔde di nneɛma ho dwuma ntɛmntɛm no, wɔyɛe na abrɛ ɔtamfo tirimɔdenfo bi ase na wannya ahoɔden.

Esiane sɛ nneɛma pii—nnua, pɛtro ne mframa, anyinam ahoɔden—na ɛma ogya tumi tɔ baabi nti, nnwinnade a ɛnkyere so a wɔde dum gya no nso gu ahorow pii. Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ, wobɛpɛ sɛ wuhu wo tamfo no ne nnwinnade a wode bɛko atia no. Eyi nkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wunya nimdeɛ te sɛ obi a odum gya, mmom no ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu nneɛma nketenkete bi a ɛho hia. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobɛyɛ w’ade dɛn wɔ tebea a edi so yi ho?

Na obi rebɛto paanoo ma enti ɔde ngo a ɛsɛ apopa nkankyee foforo 20 a ɔbɛto mu wɔ fononoo mu no mu. Nanso na fononoo no adɔ paa ma enti ɛmaa ade a ɔto paanoo wom no mu yɛɛ hyew araa ma ngo no puw wusiw. Paanotofo no de ade hyehyɛɛ ne nsa yɛɛ ntɛm buee fononoo no sɛ ɔreyiyi nkankyee no. Nanso bere a ɔyɛɛ saa no, mframa pii kɔɔ fononoo no mu ma enti ogya tɔɔ mu. Wom! Ogya a ɛtɔɔ fononoo no mu prɛko pɛ no maa wusiw faa ofie hɔ nyinaa. Paanotofo a hwee nyɛɛ no no de mmirika kɔfaa adwinnade a wɔde dum gya a carbon dioxide wom bae sɛ ɔde rebedum gya no. Nanso amonom hɔ ara wusiw no yɛɛ kɛse, na ogya tɔɔ mu bio. Ogya no dum san sɔe, mpɛn anan! Esiane sɛ na osuro sɛ adwinnade no mu aduru resa nti, oyii kuntu a wɔde dum gya de guu ogya no so. Nea ɛyɛ anigye no, ogya no ano brɛɛ ase—na afei edum koraa.

Ɛda adi sɛ, yɛbɛpɛ sɛ yɛde adwinnade a edi mu na ebedum ogya a esua nanso ɛyɛ hu no di dwuma. Nanso sɛ na paanotofo no nim sɛ wusiw betumi ama ogya atɔ hɔ—ade a ebetumi asi bere biara a wusiw repuw—a, anka nea ɔbɛyɛ ara ne sɛ obedum fononoo no, atoto dan no mu, na ama ade a ɔde to paanoo no ankasa adwo nkakrankakra. Anaasɛ anka obedi kan de kuntu no adi dwuma, ansa na sɛ ɛho behia a, ɔde adwinnade a carbon dioxide wom no adum gya no. Sɛnea ɛte biara no, nea esii no kyerɛ hia a ehia sɛ yehu dekode a ɛde ogya ba ne ɔkwan pa a yɛbɛfa so adum no.

“Nneɛma Abiɛsa” a Ɛde Ogya Ba

Nneɛma abiɛsa a sɛ ehyia a, ɛde ogya ba ni: fango ne “oxygen” ne ɔhyew ka bom sɔ gya. Sɛ wuyi biako fi mu a, ɛnyɛ ogya no nko na ebedum, na mmom esiw ogya foforo ano nso. Ma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea ɛte.

FANGO: Sɛnea yenim no, biribi na ɛkɔfa ogya ba. Odumgyafo de asɛm yi di dwuma de dum ogya a atɔ kwae bi mu denam faako a ogya no ani kyerɛ a wobesiw ano no so. Wɔ gyaade nso, wubetumi adum gas de asiw ogya ano. Nanso, ɛnna fam koraa sɛ wobɛyɛ saa wɔ mmeae foforo.

“OXYGEN”: Bio nso, te sɛ nnipa no, ogya tumi home. Sɛ wode sofi sa anhwea gu so anaasɛ wode kuntu gu so a, ebetumi adum. Ɛho nhia sɛ oxygen a ɛwɔ mframa a ɛrebɔ mu no sa koraa ansa na ogya atumi adum. Sɛ mframa, a ano den taa yɛ ɔha mu 21, no so tew ba ɔha mu 15 a, nneɛma pii—te sɛ nneɛma nsunsu ne nneɛma a ɛyɛ den mpo, a ogya atɔ mu no—gyae hyew.

ƆHYEW: Nneɛma a ɛma ɔhyew a ebetumi ama ogya atɔ biribi mu no bi ne afiri a ɛma ɔhyew, sutof, sɔkɛt a wɔde di dwuma kɛse, ade ketewa bi a asɔ gya, anyinam, anaasɛ ɔhyew a efi asase mu, nnuru a etumi hyew, anaa nneɛma foforo biara. Kae sɛ sɛ wuhu sɛ wusiw refi baabi, titiriw sɛ srade anaa ngo na ama aba saa a, na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ogya rebɛtɔ hɔ.

Nnwinnade a Wobetumi De Adum Ogya Nketenkete

Bere a wonni nnwinnade a wɔde dum gya wɔ afie pii mu no, mmara hwehwɛ sɛ bere nyinaa wobenya bi wɔ nnwinnan, nnwumayɛbea, ne aban adan, biara mu. Nnwinnade yi mu bi ne nea wɔde nsu, nnuru, ahuru, pawda, ne carbon-dioxide gu mu. Wɔrebara nnwinnade a wɔfrɛ no Halon no efisɛ wosusuw sɛ ɛsɛe asase so mframa a ɛsɔn owia ahoɔden so no. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na nkurɔfo atumi apaw nnwinnade a ɛfata adum ogya a atɔ wɔn nneɛma mu no, wɔde mfonini ahorow abobɔ nnwinnade no pii ho a ɛkyerɛ ogya a wobetumi de adum no ne nea wontumi, anaasɛ wotumi de kɔla hyɛ no agyirae. Emu pii na nkyerɛwde, te sɛ A, B, anaa C, wɔ ho a ɛkyerɛ ogya ko a etumi dum no. Sɛ wumia adwinnade no nsomu so a, mframa a ɛwom no ma aduru no pue ahoɔden so. Esiane sɛ gas na ɛwɔ nnwinnade no mu nti, ehia sɛ wɔsɔ hwɛ bere ne bere mu. Na ɛsɛ sɛ bere nyinaa wɔma nnwinnade no bɔ kwan ano, ɛne baabi a obi nsa betumi aka no ntɛm. Afei ma yensusuw nnwinnade no mu biara ho kakra.

Nnwinnade a pawda wom no siw ogya ano na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛno ne adwinnade a etumi dum gya biara. Ɛnyɛ ogya a wɔde nkyerɛwde A ne B gyina hɔ ma nkutoo na pawda tumi dum no, na mmom, etumi dum ogya a wɔde nkyerɛwde C (nea anyinam ahoɔden de ba) gyina hɔ ma nso. Ntease mu no, saa adwinnade a edum ogya ahorow pii no yɛ nea ɛbɔ ofie ho ban sen biara. Pawda no de nsɛnnennen bi ba—nanso nsɛnnennen no ne sika kakraa bi a wubetua no!

Nnwinnade a nsu wom no ye ma ogya a ɛtɔ nkrataa, nnua, rɔba, nwura anaa ntama mu no. Wɔtaa de nkyerɛwde A na egyina hɔ ma ogya a ɛte saa. Nsu tumi dum gya esiane sɛ etumi dwudwo ɔhyew ano nti. Sɛ wode pii gu ogya so a, etumi brɛ ɔhyew no ase ma ogya no dum. Nanso mfa nsu ngu nneɛma nsunsu a ogya tumi tɔ mu so. Ɛbɛma ogya no ano ayɛ den mmom—ɛbɛsɔ kɛse! Afei nso, esiane sɛ nsu ne anyinam ahoɔden nhyia nti, ɛnsɛ sɛ wode di dwuma wɔ baabi a anyinam nhama wɔ.

Nnwinnade a nnuru nsunsu wom yɛ nnwinnade a wɔde nkyene nsu gu mu, na ogya a srade ne ngo de ba titiriw na wɔde dum no, nanso wɔmfa nnum ogya a pɛtro de ba. Etumi dum ogya a wɔde nkyerɛwde A gyina hɔ ma nso.

Nnwinnade a ahuru wom di dwuma yiye, ɛnyɛ ogya a wɔde nkyerɛwde A gyina hɔ ma nko na etumi dum no, na mmom, etumi dum ogya a ɛtɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ nsunsu mu nso (fango, mfoninnuru), nea mpɛn pii no, wɔde nkyerɛwde B na egyina hɔ ma no. Saa nnwinnade no gu ahorow abien, enti hwehwɛ nea wuhia ankasa. Sɛ wode gu faako a nsu wɔ a ɛredɛw a, ahuru no siw tutuw biara a ɛde ogya ba kwan na mframa nso ntumi nkɔ mu. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ahuru no di dwuma nkakrankakra sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ebetumi atrɛw afa dekode a ɛrehyew no ho. Hwɛ yiye na woamfa ahuru anni dwuma wɔ baabi a anyinam ahoɔden wɔ.

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wobetumi de nnwinnade a carbon dioxide wom adi dwuma ama ogya biara gye nea gas de ba nko. Nea ɛma ɛba saa ne sɛ carbon dioxide tumi siw oxygen ano. Nanso sɛnea yehui ahyɛase no, sɛ wusiw kɔ so puw a, na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ogya no betumi adɛw bio. Carbon dioxide yɛ mframa bi, enti sɛ wode di dwuma wɔ baabi a mframa rebɔ kɛse a, anoden no brɛ ase. Nanso esiane sɛ emu tew nti, ayɛ adwinnade a wɔde di dwuma ma mfiri a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ahwɛyiye kɛse wɔ ho, ne ɛlɛtrɔnik nneɛma. Wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ kyere no, carbon dioxide betumi adi awu, enti sɛ wode di dwuma wɔ beae a ɛte saa a, hwɛ hu sɛ wubefi hɔ bere a ogya no adum no, na to ɔdan no mu.

Kuntu a wɔde dum gyaa yɛ ɔkwantiaa a wɔfa so de nsa dum gya, na eye ma ogya nketewa te sɛ nea ɛtɔ sutof anaa kapɛt mu no. Yi kuntu no, na trɛw mu kata w’anim fa bɔ wo ho ban, na fa gu ogya no so. Nokwarem no, sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, di kan siw baabi a ɛma ogya no ba no kwan ntɛm ansa na wode kuntu no agu so.

Sɛ ogya tɔ w’atade mu a, kuntu a wɔde dum gya betumi abɔ wo ho ban nso. Sɛ ɛba saa a, kae akwankyerɛ titiriw yi: “Gyina hɔ, da fam, na munimuni wo ho.” Ntu mmirika; saayɛ bɛma ogya no adɛw kɛse mmom. Sɛ w’ankasa anaa onipa foforo tumi de kuntu no gu wo so bere a wumunimuni wo ho no a, ogya no bedum ntɛm ara.

Biribi a Ɛkyɛn Nnwinnade a Wɔde Dum Gya

Nokwarem no, ogya ho bammɔ a ɛsen biara ne sɛ wubesiw ogya no ano; enti fa atɛmpa di dwuma. Mfa mankyese ne ade a ɛpa gya ngugu baabi a mmofra behu. Yi ade biara a ɛda sutof ho a ogya betumi atɔ mu no fi hɔ. Sɛ worenoa aduan a, nhyɛ atade a ne nsa yɛ hare a ogya betumi atɔ mu ntɛm. Fa nnwinnade a etumi te wusiw nka bobɔ fie hɔ.

Nyansahyɛ foforo ni. Mfa nhama pii nhyehyɛ sɔkɛt a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden no mu. Nkyew ade wɔ gya so a w’ani nkɔ ho. Hwɛ yiye na woamfa afiri a ɛma ade yɛ hyew anto baabi a ɛmfata. Sɛ wowɔ gas cylinder wɔ wo fie a, fa ano—baabi a ogya betumi afa aba no—kyerɛ abɔnten. Fa nhama a ɛfata a wɔde siw anyinam ahoɔden ano di dwuma. Sesa anyinam nhama a ayɛ dedaw no.

So woasusuw akwan a mobɛfa so abɔ mo ho ban bere a ogya atɔ fie no ho? Eyi betumi abɔ wo nkwa ho ban ankasa. Yɛ nhyehyɛe ma abusua no nhyia mu wɔ beae pɔtee bi—beae biara a ɛda adi sɛ nkurɔfo behu mo ntɛm sɛ́ ɛyɛ awia anaa anadwo no. Fa asɛyɛde hyehyɛ afoforo nsa: Hena na ɔbɛboa nkokoaa anaa wɔn a wɔadi dɛm no ma wɔaguan? Hena na ɔbɛfrɛ odumgyafo? Yiw, nhyehyɛe a ɛte saa bɔ nkwa ho ban efisɛ ɛma muhu nea mobɛyɛ, na ɛma biribiara a mopɛ sɛ moyɛ no kɔ so wɔano wɔano.

Sɛ Nsɛnnennen a Wonhwɛ Kwan Sɔre A

Kae sɛ, wubetumi asan anya nneɛma a woahwere no bi, nanso wo nsa ntumi nka nkwa. Mfa wo ho nto asiane mu bere a woredum gya no. Na sɛ wuhu sɛ wubetumi ako ogya no mpo a, gyina baabi a sɛ ɛto nea ɛyɛ den a wubetumi aguan. Nanso, sɛ wususuw sɛ adwinnade a wode rebedum ogya no nyɛ papa anaasɛ wusuro sɛ ogya no ano yɛ den dodo a, yɛ ntɛm pue na frɛ odumgyafo.

Hyɛ no nsow nso sɛ, wusiw kum nnipa sen ogya ankasa, ɛnkanka wusiw a awuduru wom no—ebetumi akum wo wɔ simma abien ntam! Enti sɛ woreguan afi ɔdan a ɛrehyew mu a, kom wo mu. Wusiw no nnɔɔso wɔ fam, na ɛhɔ mframa no mu yɛ nwini. Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, fɔw ntama fa kata w’ano. Ansa na wubefi dan bi mu no, fa wo nsa akyi ka pon no hwɛ. Sɛ ɛyɛ hyew a, na ogya atɔ anim hɔ; fa baabi foforo. Na sɛ wupue a, to pon no mu. Eyi tumi siw mframa a ɛrebɔ no kwan. Mfa adwinnade a wɔde sian atrapoe nni dwuma bere a woreguan ogya no—ebetumi asum wo afiri ma ayɛ te sɛ nea woaka fononoo mu no!

Enti sɛ wopɛ sɛ wotɔ adwinnade bi de bɔ wo fie, kar, anaa adwuma ho ban fi ogya ho a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne mpɔtam hɔ odumgya adwumakuw no bɛbɔ ho nkɔmmɔ. Ɛsono sɛnea ɔman biara bɛka nsɛm a ɛtete saa ho asɛm, na saa ara na yentumi nka ɛho nsɛm nyinaa wɔ asɛm yi mu.

Sɛnea ɛte biara no, bere foforo a wubehu saa awɛmfo nketewa a wɔayɛ dinn no biako no, gyina na sua ho ade yiye. Ne ho bɛba wo mfaso da bi.

[Ase hɔ asɛm]

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 25]

(Wopɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ awie no a, hwɛ nhoma no mu)

OGYA

fango

ɔhyew

oxygen

[Mfonini ahorow]

OGYA A

OGYA B

[Asɛm Fibea]

Chubb Fire Safety

[Asɛm a Wɔahyehyɛ wɔ kratafa 26]

(Wopɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ awie no a, hwɛ nhoma no mu)

Sɛ ogya tɔ w’atade mu a, ntu mmirika

1. GYINA HƆ

2. DA FAM

3. MUNIMUNI WO HO

[Asɛm Fibea]

© Coastal Training Technologies Corp. Reproduced by Permission

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 24]

Nnwinnade a wɔde bɔ ofie ho ban wɔ ogya ho pii wɔ hɔ

[Asɛm Fibea]

Above illustration: Reprinted with permission from NFPA 10-1998, Portable Fire Extinguishers, Copyright © 1998, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02269. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.