Ulawulo Lomntu Lulinganisiwe Esikalini
Icandelo 1a—Ukunikela Ingqalelo Kurhulumente
IINGUQULELO ezinkulu zobupolitika eYurophu ebudeni bowe-1989 ziye zaphethulela ingqalelo yehlabathi kumbandela ongorhulumente ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Iphephancwadi elithile lathi ukuba “owe-1989 uya kukhunjulwa kungekhona njengonyaka ekwabakho ngawo inguqulelo kwiMpuma Yurophu kodwa njengonyaka eyathi iMpuma Yurophu njengoko siyazi kangangeminyaka engamashumi amane yaphela ngawo.”
Ekwathetha ngokubhekele phaya ngoku, uFrancis Fukuyama okwiqela labacebisi ekuyilweni komgaqo-siseko kwiSebe leLizwe laseUnited States kutshanje wabhala ukuba “oko sisenokuba siyakubona asikokuphela nje kwemfazwe yomlomo, okanye ukudlula kwethuba elikhethekileyo lembali yasemva kwemfazwe, kodwa kukuphela kwembali ngokwayo: oko kukuthi, isiphelo seengcamango eziguquguqukayo zoluntu.”
Le mbono, ngoxa ithandabuzeka ngokugqithiseleyo, sekunjalo isenza sinikele ingqalelo yethu kweminye imibuzo ebaluleke gqitha. Ngokomzekelo, kunokuthiwani ngeenkulungwane zolawulo lomntu ezidluleyo? Ngaba uluntu luye lwafikelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwinqanaba apho umntu anokuthetha ‘ngesiphelo sembali ngokwayo’? Kanye kanye yintoni oorhulumente abayifunjathelwe likamva? Ibe ziya kuba nawuphi umphumo ezi ziganeko zizayo kuthi ngokwabantu ngabanye?
Indlela Abavakalelwa Ngayo Abantu Ngorhulumente
Izigidi zabantu azanelisekanga ngokucacileyo ziinkokeli zazo zobupolitika. Oku kuyinyaniso kungekuphela nje kwabo bahlala eYurophu kodwa, ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukahlukeneyo, kubemi abakuyo yonke indawo. Ngokomzekelo, makhe sikhangele kumazwe aseMzantsi Merika.
Ulindixesha owaziwayo kwezorhwebo waseJamani wayichaza imeko yezobupolitika apho ekupheleni kowe-1988 ‘njengewohlokileyo.’ Ecacisa, wathi: “Imeko yoqoqosho . . . eArgentina iwohloka ngendlela egqithiseleyo. IBrazil isongelwa kukungalawuleki. IPeru iphelelwa ngamandla. IUruguay ididekile. IEcuador izama ukulungelelanisa oko ngokungenakukhanyelwa kuyimeko engxamisekileyo. IColombia neVenezuela . . . zizama ukulondoloza ulwalamano olucekethekileyo lolawulo-melo. EMexico ukuzinza kweqela elilawulayo eliye lalawula ngaphandle kokucelwa umngeni kangangeminyaka engama-50 kuyadilika ukuze kubone wonke umntu. Iminyaka yee-1980 sele ilityelwe ‘njengeminyaka elishumi elahlekileyo.’”
Kwezinye iindawo inani labantu abathanda ezobupolitika liye lehla ukudlula onke amanye amaxesha. Xa abantu baseOstriya bacelwayo ukuba badwelise imisebenzi engama-21 ngokohlobo ebaluleke ngalo, abezobupolitika babadwelisa kwindawo ye-19. Uphando lwezimvo zabantu bonke baseMpuma Jamani lutyhila ukuba ama-62 ekhulwini abemi balapho ababuzwayo bayavuma ukuba banentembelo encinane kwabezopolitiko.
Unjingalwazi uReinhold Bergler, umalathisi WeZiko Lenzululwazi Engokusebenza Kwengqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseBonn, ulumkisa ngelokuba “abantu abaselula sekumbovu ukuba bamnikele umva urhulumente, ezobupolitika nabezobupolitika.” Uthi ama-46 ekhulwini aba bantu baselula abagqala abezobupolitika njengabantu “ababhibhidl’ amazinyo,” yaye ama-44 ekhulwimi abagqala njengabonakalisayo.
Umvoti waseMerika, ebhala ngeminyaka yee-1970, waphawula oku: “Kukho inkolelo yokuba inkqubo (yezobupolitika) ayinamdla kwizilangazelelo zabantu yaye ayinyanisekanga kangangokuba abavoti abanakuyisebenzisela iinjongo zabo.” Ngaloo ndlela, inani labantu baseUnited States abavakalelwa kukuba abezobupolitika “abakukhathalele ngokwenene oko kwenzeka kuwe” liye landa ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kuma-29 ekhulwini ngowe-1966 ukuya kuma-58 ekhulwini kwiminyaka yee-1980. Iphephandaba laseJamani iStuttgarter Nachrichten liyayixhasa loo ngcamango, lisithi: “Abezobupolitika abaninzi gqitha babeka kuqala izilangazelelo zabo engqondweni bandule ke, ukuba nje kunokwenzeka, babeke ezo zabo babavotelayo.”
Kuyaqondakala ukuba, ukungakhathali kwezobupolitika kuyakhula. Ngowe-1980 ngabemi baseUnited States abangama-53 ekhulwini kuphela ababekufanelekele ukuvota abaya kolo voto. Kwanikelwa ingxelo yokuba esi yayisisihlandlo sesihlanu esihla amanani abavoti. Ngowe-1988 inani labavoti lalehle laya kutsho kuma-50 ekhulwini kuphela.
Abezobupolitika bayayiqonda le ngxaki. Inkokeli yehlabathi eyaziwayo yathi: “Kukho uhanahaniso oluninzi . . . kwimicimbi yezobupolitika.” Icacisa isizathu soko, yathi: “Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze ufumane isikhundla nokuze usigcine.” Yayingubani esi sithethi? Ngowayesakuba ngumongameli waseUnited States, uRichard Nixon. Ngenxa yamanyundululu awawenzayo awaliphelisa ngaphambi kwexesha ithuba lokuba ngumongameli kwakhe, bambalwa abantu abaya kukuthandabuza ukuba wayekwazi oko wayethetha ngako.
Ukusilela kwezobupolitika kwenza abantu abanyanisekileyo bazibuze enoba unokubakho kusini na urhulumente olungileyo. Ngaba besingenakuphila ngokulunge ngakumbi ngaphandle kwakhe nawuphi na urhulumente? Ngaba ‘ukungabi narhulumente’ mhlawumbi bekungenakuba sisicombululo?
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 4]
“Kwakuba kungekho mbonisi, bayawa abantu.”—IMizekeliso 11:14