Amaqhalo Ama-Akan—Achaza Okuthile Ngezithethe Nemilinganiselo Yolu Hlanga

NGUMBHALI KAVUKANI! EGHANA

YINTONI iqhalo? Esinye isichazi-magama sithi iqhalo “sisivakalisi esifutshane, esilicebiso okanye esithetha okuthile ngokuphathelele ubomi.” AmaYorubha aseNigeria achaza iqhalo ngendlela ebangel’ umdla, athi “lihashe anokukhwela kulo umntu ukuze afumane iingcamango ngokukhawuleza.”

Indlela abaluleke ngayo amaqhalo okanye izaci ichazwa leli qhalo elaziwa kakhulu ngama-Akan aseGhana: “Xa uthetha nomntu osisilumko akuthethi ulwimi nje oluqhelekileyo kodwa usebenzisa amaqhalo.” Ingongoma kukuba akufuneki ukuba uchaze into ende xa uthetha nomntu osisilumko ukuze afikelele kwisigqibo amakasenze. Iqhalo elifanelekileyo libangela ukuba ubani acinge, linceda umntu aqonde imibandela ethile yaye linokumshukumisela ukuba enze isigqibo esifanelekileyo.

EGhana, amaqhalo asetyenziswa kakhulu kwimisitho yomtshato, emingcwabeni nakwiingoma zesithethe. Neenkcuba-buchopho ziyawasebenzisa xa zixoxa. Amaqhalo adla ngokusetyenziswa nazizithethi okanye abameli basebukhosini.

Ama-Akan amgqala njengesilumko umntu onobuchule bokusebenzisa amaqhalo. Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, iBhayibhile ithi uKumkani uSolomon—owayebalasele ngobulumko, imfundo nobuciko—wayesazi amaqhalo angama-3 000. Kakade ke, amaqhalo aseBhayibhileni aphefumlelwe nguThixo yaye asoloko echanile, ngokungafaniyo namaqhalo asekelwe kumava nakwingqiqo yabantu. Amaqhalo abantu, enoba ngawobulumko kangakanani akafanele agqalwe exabiseke njengalawo aseBhayibhileni. Kodwa makhe siqwalasele amanye amaqhalo ama-Akan.

Ingcamango Yobukho BukaThixo

Amaqhalo asetyenziswa eGhana, adla ngokubungqina ubukho bukaThixo, yaye oku kunokubonwa kumaqhalo amaninzi ama-Akan. Iingcamango zabantu abangabukholelwayo ubukho bukaThixo aziveli kwintandabulumko yama-Akan. Ngokomzekelo, elinye iqhalo lithi: “Umntwana akaxelelwa mntu ukuba ukho uThixo.” Ubukho bukaThixo baziwa nangumntwana. Eli qhalo lidla ngokusetyenziswa xa kubhekiselwa kwinto umntwana ayaziyo ngokwemvelo.

Elinye iqhalo lama-Akan lithi: “Nokuba ungambaleka uThixo, uxhomekeke kuye.” Ngaloo ndlela, nabani na otyeshela uThixo uyazikhohlisa nje. Kude kudala, iBhayibhile yathetha okufanayo, isithi amehlo kaThixo “akuzo zonke iindawo, ahlala ekhangele ababi nabalungileyo.” (IMizekeliso 15:3) Sonke siza kuziphendulela kuSomandla.

Amabinzana Abhekisela Kwizithethe Nakwimilinganiselo Yolu Hlanga

Njengoko kunjalo ngamaqhalo asetyenziswa zezinye iintlanga, amaqhalo ama-Akan nguvimba wezithethe nemilinganiselo yawo. Ngokomzekelo, eli qhalo libonisa indlela olunamandla ngayo ulwimi: “Ukutyibilika kolwimi kuyingozi ngakumbi kunokutyibilika konyawo.” Ulwimi olungalawulekiyo lunokwenza umonakalo omkhulu yaye lunokumbulalisa umntu.—IMizekeliso 18:21.

Noko ke, xa lusetyenziswa kakuhle lunokubangela kubekho uxolo, yaye oku kungqinwa leli qhalo: “Xa ulwimi lukho, amazinyo akaxabani.” Ingongoma kukuba abantu abalwayo banokuyizinzisa ngoxolo ingxabano—ngokomzekelo, indoda nomfazi wayo—xa bexubusha ngokuzolileyo. Kwanaxa oku kungaphumeleli, ukuba ubani ulusebenzisa kakuhle ulwimi xa elamla ingxabano, loo ngxabano inokuphela.

Ubulumko

Ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa ingqiqo nobulumko kuchazwe ngokucacileyo kumaqhalo amaninzi abethelela ukusebenzisa ubulumko. Umntu osisingxami nothanda ukwenza izinto ngobuyatha ongacingiyo ngemiphumo yento ayenzayo unokufumana icebiso kweli qhalo, “Umele uqale uqonde icala oza kubalekela ngakulo ngaphambi kokuba uchukushe iphimpi.”

Umzali ophawula iimpawu ezingathandekiyo emntwaneni wakhe angathanda ukusebenzisa oko kuthethwa leli qhalo, “Xa ubona udiza olunokukuhlaba esweni lukhula, uyaluncothula, akululoli.” Ewe, nawuphi na umkhwa ongathandekiyo ufanele uncothulwe—uncothulwe neengcambu—ngaphambi kokuba ukhule uze ube yingxaki.

Amaqhalo Abhekisela Kumasiko Olu Hlanga

Maxa wambi kufuneka uwazi amasiko ohlanga oluthile ukuze uyazi intsingiselo yamaqhalo alo. Ngokomzekelo, kuma-Akan ukwalatha ngesandla sasekhohlo kugqalwa njengokungabi nambeko, ingakumbi xa uthetha nabantu abadala. Eli qhalo, libhekisela kulo mgaqo, “Akusisebenzisi isandla sasekhohlo xa usalathisa abantu indlela eya kowenu.” Ngamany’ amazwi, umntu umele akuxabise oko anako, kuquka imvelaphi yakhe.

Iqhalo elithetha ngesithethe esisetyenziswayo kwikhaya lama-Akan xa kutyiwa lithi: “Umntwana ozihlambayo izandla utya nabantu abadala.” Xa kutyiwa, amalungu entsapho atya ngokwamaqela ngokobudala bawo. Noko ke, umntwana oziphatha kakuhle, ngokukodwa ococekileyo nonesimilo, unokutya noyise kunye nabanye abantu abadala etafileni. Eli qhalo libethelela ingongoma yokuba ukuhlonelwa komntu kuxhomekeke kwindlela aziphatha ngayo kungekhona kwiminyaka yakhe.

Ngaba uceba ukutshata? Khawucinge ngeli qhalo lama-Akan, “Akunakungcamla umtshato ngathi yiwayini eyenziwe ngesundu.” Abathengisi bewayini eyenziwe ngesundu, badla ngokuvumela abantu bangcamle ngaphambi kokuba bagqibe ukuba baza kuthenga iwayini engakanani okanye bagqibe enoba baza kuyithenga kwaukuyithenga. Noko ke, akunjalo ngomtshato. Eli qhalo libalaselisa ukuba iqhina lomtshato yinto esisigxina yaye akuvumelekanga ukuba umntu enze umtshato wolingelo.

Ukuziqwalasela Ngenyameko Izinto

Amaqhalo amaninzi angqina ukuba ookhokho bama-Akan babebaqwalasela ngenyameko abantu nezilwanyana. Ngokomzekelo, ukuqwalasela ngenyameko isikhukukazi namantshontsho aso kwabangela ukuba kubekho eli qhalo, “Intshontsho elisoloko likufuphi nonina lifumana umlenze wentethe.” Lithetha ukuthini? Xa umntu ezenza ikheswa, uyalityalwa xa kusabiwa izinto ezintle.

Umntu okhe aliqwalasele isele elifileyo unokubuqonda kakuhle ubunyaniso bala mazwi, “Ubude besele bubonwa xa lifile.” Eli qhalo lidla ngokusetyenziswa xa kukho umntu ongaxatyiswanga ngabanye. Kwimeko enjalo, umntu ongaxatyiswanga uthuthuzelwa kukwazi ukuba xa enokungabikho abantu banokutsho bazibone kakuhle iimpawu zakhe ezintle.

“Izishunqulelo” Zamaqhalo

Nangona amaqhalo ama-Akan ebedluliselwa ngomlomo ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye, amaqhalo amaninzi aye afuziselwa ngemizobo. Le mizobo yenziwa ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo, iintonga, ngegolide namalaphu asetyenziswayo xa kusenziwa iimpahla zesintu nezasentshona. Abantu abatyelele kwindlu yemizobo yaseGhana banokubona umzobo wendoda enyuka emthini nenye indoda eyincedisayo ukuze ikwazi ukunyuka. Lo ngumfanekiso weqhalo elithi: “Xa unyuka emthini ochumileyo, abantu banokukuncedisa.” Intsingiselo yeli qhalo icacile—xa unosukelo oluhle, abantu banokukuxhasa.

Omnye umbhali wathi “ubuciko” buvela xa kukho umngcwabo. Esi sihlandlo sosizi sibangela abantu bacinge nzulu ngobomi. Ngenxa yoko, imizobo ekumalaphu omngcwabo inentsingiselo enzulu ebomini. Ngokomzekelo, ilaphu elinomzobo weleli okanye izinyuko likhumbuza umntu ngeli qhalo, “Akakho mnye umntu onyuka kwileli yokufa.”a Oku kunceda abantu bayazi into yokuba nabo baza kufa ngenye imini.—INtshumayeli 7:2.

Kuma-Akan, abameli okanye izithethi zeenkosi ziwazi kakuhle amaqhalo, yaye zidla ngokuphatha intonga yasebukhosini enemikrolo ebonisa imilinganiselo exatyisiweyo ngabantu. Ngokomzekelo, intaka ethe nqaku intloko yenyoka “sisishunqulelo” seqhalo elithi, “Xa ubambe intloko yenyoka, isiqu sayo sifana nentambo nje.” Lithetha ukuthini eli qhalo? Yiba nenkalipho xa ujamelene nengxaki—hlangabezana nayo ngokuthe ngqo.

Ukuwasebenzisa Kakuhle Amaqhalo

Njengawo nawuphi na umzekelo, ixesha onokulisebenzisa ngalo iqhalo nendlela elisetyenziswa ngayo ixhomekeke kuloo nto kuthethwa ngayo nakubantu elibhekiswa kubo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamaqhalo ngendlela ephosakeleyo kunokuyonakalisa incoko. Yaye ekubeni kwezinye iindawo amaqhalo eyinxalenye yencoko, ukusetyenziswa kwawo ngendlela engafanelekanga kunokwenza umntu agqalwe njengeyilo.

EGhana, abantu abadala bagqalwa njengababhali nabalondolozi bamaqhalo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngaphambi kokuba umntu atsho iqhalo udla ngokuthi, “Amanyange athi . . . ” Xa isithethi sibhekisa kubantu abadala, kukubonakalisa imbeko ukuba sisebenzise ibinzana elithi, “Nidla ngokutsho nina zinkonde nani zinkondekazi nithi . . . ” Xa sibonakalisa imbeko, isithethi esiselula asifuni kuba ngathi sifundisa abantu abadala amazwi obulumko asetyenziswa kwiqhalo.

Oko Kuphawulekayo Ngamaqhalo

Umntu unokucaphula iqhalo ngaphambi kokuba athethe amazwi athile okanye unokulicaphula xa equkumbela. Kwakhona, umntu unokulifaka ngobuchule kwintetho yakhe kangangokude abantu bangeva nokuba kufakwe iqhalo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ebhekisela kumntu othobekileyo nothanda uxolo, umAkan usenokuthi: “Ukuba izinto bezihamba ngokuthanda kukaZibani-bani, ubungayi kuva sithonga sompu kule dolophana.” Le ntetho ithatyathwe kwiqhalo elithi, “Ukuba bekukho inkumba nofudo kuphela endle, ubungayi kuva sithonga sompu.” Zozibini ezi zilwanyana zigqalwa njengezilwanyana ezithozamileyo nezingakuthandiyo ukulwa. Abantu abanezi mpawu babangela kubekho uxolo.

Noko ke, ukuba ufuna um-Akan akwenzele amaqhalo amaninzi, usenokwenza libe linye nje kuphela, “Akukho mntu unokuphupha ehleli.” Ngamany’ amazwi, umntu akanakusuka nje enze iqhalo esithubeni kanye njengokuba umntu engenakuphupha ehleli. Iqhalo lisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezithile.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]