“Hlal’ Uzole Unikel’ Ingqalelo!”
Ukuba Nengxaki Yokungakwazi Ukunikela Ingqalelo Epheleleyo Ngenxa Yokudlamka Ngokugqithiseleyo
“Lonk’ ixesha eli, uJim ebesithi uCal uyafeketha yaye ukuba thina—mna ke ukutsho—besinokumohlwaya, ebeya kuthi tse. Ngoko ugqirha wasixelela ukuba kwakungelotyala lam, ingelotyala lethu, ingelilo nelabafundisi-ntsapho bakaCal: eneneni inkwenkwana yethu yayinengxaki.”
UCAL Wayenengxaki Yokungakwazi Ukunikela Ingqalelo Epheleleyo Ngenxa Yokudlamka Ngokugqithiseleyo (ADHD [Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder]), meko leyo onokuyibona ngokuba nengxaki yokungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo, ukuba sisityhuthutyhuthu nokudlamka ngokugqithiseleyo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba le ngxaki ichaphazela abantwana abathathu ukuya kwabahlanu ekhulwini abakubudala bokuhamba isikolo. Ingcali ngokufunda uPriscilla L. Vail uthi: “Iingqondo zabo zifana noomabonwakude abanezitishi ezingasebenzi kakuhle. Bacinga le naleya, ibe abanqwanqwadeki okanye baqeqesheke.”
Ngokufutshane makhe siqwalasele iimpawu ezintathu eziphambili ze-ADHD.
Ukuba nengxaki yokungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo: Umntwana one-ADHD akakwazi ukuyeka izinto ezingabalulekanga aze anikele ingqalelo kwinto enye ngexesha. Ngenxa yoko, uphazanyiswa ngokulula zizinto azibonayo, azivayo nalivumba nje alivayo. Unikela ingqalelo, kodwa akukho nto ade amilisel’ ingqondo kuyo. Akakwazi ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi into ekufuneka anikele ingqalelo engakumbi kuyo.
Ukuba sisityhuthutyhuthu: Umntwana one-ADHD akacingi ngaphambi kokuba enze, akacingi ngemiphumo yoko akwenzayo. Akakwazi ukuceba ibe akazikisi kucinga, yaye maxa wambi unokwenza izinto ezinobungozi. UGqr. Paul Wender ubhala athi: “Ungen’ embonzeleka esitratweni, ajakatyeke ukuqabel’ elungqamekweni, aze alakatyule ukukhwel’ emthini. Ngenxa yoko, ehleli nje unemikrwelo, ugruzukile, ubuxukile, yaye uquqa kwagqirha.”
Ukudlamka ngokugqithiseleyo: Abantwana abadlamke ngokugqithiseleyo behleli nje bayatoshatosha. Abakwazi ukuhlala bazole. UGqr. Gordon Serfontein ubhala athi kwincwadi yakhe ethi The Hidden Handicap: “Kwanaxa sele bekhulile, ukuba ubajonga kakuhle uya kufumanisa ukuba behleli nje bashukumisa imilenze, iinyawo, iingalo, izandla, imilebe okanye ulwimi.”
Ukanti, abanye abantwana abangakwaziyo ukunikela ingqalelo nabazizityhuthutyhuthu abadlamkanga ngokugqithiseleyo. Maxa wambi le ngxaki yabo idla ngokubizwa ngokuthi Yingxaki Yokungakwazi Ukunikela Ingqalelo Epheleleyo okanye yi-ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder). UGqr. Ronald Goldberg uthi i-ADD “inokubakho ngaphandle kokudlamka ngokugqithiseleyo. Okanye oku kudlamka ngokugqithiseleyo kunokubakho ngawo nawuphi na umlinganiselo—kunokuphawuleka okanye kucaphukise, kude kumenze angakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo.”
Yintoni Unobangela We-ADHD?
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, bekusoloko kusithiwa iingxaki zokunikela ingqalelo zibangelwa yimpatho-mbi yabazali nezibane ezikhanya kakhulu. Ngoku kucingwa ukuba i-ADHD inokubangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwendlela ingqondo esebenza ngayo. Ngowe-1990 iNational Institute of Mental Health yaxilonga abantu abasele bekhulile abangama-25 nabaneempawu ze-ADHD ibe yafumanisa ukuba imizimba yabo yayingayicoli ngokukhawuleza iglucose kwawona malungu engqondo alawula ukushukuma nokunikela ingqalelo. Kubantu abamalunga nama-40 ekhulwini abane-ADHD, kubonakala ngathi imizila yemfuza yomntu ngamnye kubo ifak’ isandla. Ngokutsho kweThe Hyperactive Child Book, abanye oothunywashe abanxulumene ne-ADHD kukusetyenziswa kotywala okanye iziyobisi ngumama ebudeni bokukhulelwa, ityhefu yelothe, yaye kwezinye iimeko, kukutya.
Abakwishumi Elivisayo Nabasele Bekhulile Abane-ADHD
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje oogqirha bafumanise ukuba i-ADHD asiyomeko nje ebangelwa bubuntwana. UGqr. Larry Silver uthi: “Ngokuqhelekileyo, abazali xa bezise umntwana kunyango bathi, ‘Ndandinje ndisengumntwana.’ Ibe bayavuma ukuba basenengxaki yokulinda emigceni, ukuhlala bazole ebudeni beentlanganiso, ekugqibeni imisebenzi abayenzayo.” Ngoku kukho nenkolelo yokuba malunga nesiqingatha sabantwana abane-ADHD bakhula nezinye zezi mpawu bade bafikelele kwishumi elivisayo nakubuntu obukhulu.
Xa bekwishumi elivisayo, abantwana abane-ADHD basenokuyeka ukwenza izinto ngendlela eyingozi basuke baqaqadeke. Umama womnye okwishumi elivisayo one-ADHD uthi: “Ndandidla ngokuxhalela ukuba akayi kufikelela ekholejini. Ngoku sele ndithandazela oku kokuba aphume entolongweni.” Ukungqina ukuba inkxalabo enjengale inokuba yinto yokwenene kuboniswa luhlolisiso oluthelekisa abaselula abali-103 abadlamke ngokugqithiseleyo nabantwana abali-100 ababevavanywa nabangenayo le ngxaki. INewsweek inikela le ngxelo: “Xa beqalisa ukuba kwiminyaka yama-20, abantwana ababedlamke ngokugqithiseleyo banamathuba amaninzi ngokuphindwe kabini okuba bakhe babanjwa, maninzi ngokuphindwe kahlanu awokuba bakhe bafunyaniswa benetyala elifanelwe sisigwebo sentambo yaye maninzi ngokuphindwe kalithoba awokuba bakhe bathothoza kwezimnyama izisele.”
Kumntu osele ekhulile, i-ADHD inokubangela uthotho lweengxaki. UGqr. Edna Copeland uthi: “Xa sele ikhulile, inkwenkwe edlamke ngokugqithiseleyo inokuyitshintsha iyitshintshile imisebenzi, igxothw’ igxothiwe emisebenzini, ibe sisantanta iimin’ ezi, ith’ ilapha ibe iphayaa.” Xa kungekho mntu usaziyo isizekabani, ezi mpawu zinokubangela iingxaki emtshatweni. Umfazi onendoda ene-ADHD uthi: “Xa sincokola nje, udla ngokungayiva yonke nje into endiyithethayo. Usoloko engathi ukwenye nje indawo.”
Kambe ke, baxhaphakile abantu abanezi mpawu—ukusa kumlinganiselo othile. UGqr. George Dorry uthi: “Umele uqonde ukuba ezi mpawu kudala kangakanani na zikho.” Ngokomzekelo, uthi ukuba indoda iqale ukulibala kakhulu emva nje kokuba iphelelwe ngumsebenzi okanye ukususela emva kokuba umfazi wayo ezele umntwana, oko akubangelwa yile ngxaki.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuba ngokwenene ubani une-ADHD, iimpawu zayo ziyamambatha—okuthetha ukuba, zichaphazela phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi bakhe. Yayinjalo kanye imeko kaGary oneminyaka engama-38 ubudala, indoda ekrelekrele, esisiquququ nengakwaziyo ukugqiba umsebenzi ingakhange iphazamiseke. Usebenze kwimisebenzi engaphezu kweli-120. Wathi: “Sele ndiyixolele into yokuba andinakuze ndiphinde ndiphumelele.” Kodwa uGary kunye nabanye abaninzi—abantwana, abakwishumi elivisayo, nabantu abasele bekhulile—baye bancedwa bahlangabezana ne-ADHD. Njani?