Yintoni Ebangela Ukunxunguphaliswa Yinkcazelo?

“UKUNXUNGUPHALISWA YINKCA-ZELO kubangelwa ngumnkabankaba womsantsa okhoyo phakathi koko sikwaziyo noko sicinga ukuba sifanele sikwazi. Kungumwonyo omkhulu ophakathi kwenkcazelo nolwazi, ibe oko kwenzeka xa inkcazelo ingasiniki oko sikufunayo okanye oko sifuna ukukwazi.” Wabhala watsho uRichard S. Wurman kwincwadi yakhe ethi Information Anxiety. “Kangangexesha elide, abantu bebengazazi ukuba yintoni abangayaziyo—bengazi ukuba zininzi izinto abangazaziyo. Kodwa ngoku abantu bayazi ukuba yintoni abangayaziyo ibe oko kuyabanxunguphalisa.” Loo nto iphumela ekubeni uninzi lwethu luvakalelwe kukuba lufanele lwazi ngaphezu kokuba lusazi. Njengoko sifumana inkcazelo eninzi gqitha, incinane gqitha esikwaziyo ukuyigcina. Kodwa sisoloko singaqinisekanga ukuba siza kuwenza ntoni loo mnconwana wayo. Kwangaxeshanye, sisenokucinga ukuba abanye abantu bazi ngaphezu kokuba sisazi. Luqala apho ke unxunguphalo!

UDavid Shenk uthi inkcazelo ethe kratya iba sisingcolisi esibangela “umsi oyinkcazelo.” Walek’ umsundulo esithi: “Lo msi uyinkcazelo uxab’ endleleni; uphazamisa amaxesha enzolo, ibe uphazamisana nokucinga, okuyinto efunekayo. . . . Usinxunguphalisa gqitha.”

Liyinyaniso elokuba inkcazelo eninzi gqitha okanye ukufunda ngokugqithiseleyo kunokubangela unxunguphalo, kodwa kwenzeka okufanayo xa singenayo ngokwaneleyo inkcazelo, okanye okubi nangaphezulu sibe nenkcazelo engachananga. Kufana twatswe nokuba nesithukuthezi kwigumbi elizele ngabantu. Njengoko uJohn Naisbitt esitsho kwincwadi yakhe ethi Megatrends, “sinenkcazelo ethe kratya kodwa silambele ulwazi.”

Indlela Olunokukuchaphazela Ngayo Ulwaphulo-mthetho Olwenziwa Kwikhompyutha

Enye into engunobangela wonxunguphalo kukwanda kolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa kwikhompyutha. UGqr. Frederick B. Cohen, uthi xa evakalisa okumxhalabisayo kwincwadi yakhe ethi Protection and Security on the Information Superhighway: “I-FBI [iFederal Bureau of Investigation] iqikelela ukuba nyaka ngamnye ii-$5 zamawaka ezigidi [ii-R22 000 zamawaka ezigidi] zichithelwa kulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa kwikhompyutha. Ibe, okumangalisayo kukuba, oko kuselithontsi emphandeni. Amagingxigingxi eenkqubo zenkcazelo aye asetyenziswa kakubi ukuze kuphunyelelwe kuthethathethwano, konakaliswe udumo oluhle lwabanye, kuphunyelelwe imfazwe, kuze kubulawe abantu.” Ukongezelela koku kuxhalatywe gqitha ngenxa yokubukela kwabantwana amanyala aboniswa kwikhompyutha—singasathethi ke ngokungenelela kwimicimbi yobuqu yabanye abantu.

Abo bangamakhoboka ekhompyutha nabanganyanisekanga baye bafaka ngabom iintsholongwane kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha baza babangela ilahleko enkulu. Izaphuli-mthetho ezisebenza ngekhompyutha ziye ngokungekho mthethweni zasebenzisa iinkqubo ze-elektroniki ukuze zifumane inkcazelo eyimfihlelo, zide zehlis’ imali ngomlenz’ ebhulukhwe maxa wambi. Izinto ezinjalo zinokuzinxunguphalisa izigidi zabantu abasebenzisa iikhompyutha. Ulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa kwikhompyutha lusisisongelo kwezorhwebo nakurhulumente.

Imfuneko Yokuba Nolwazi

Kambe ke, kufuneka sonke sibe nolwazi, kodwa enyanisweni ukuba nenkcazelo eninzi gqitha akusoloko kusifundisa, kuba uninzi loko kukhangeleka njengenkcazelo zizibakala nje ezingenamsebenzi okanye inkcazelo engasebenziyo, nengenakusinceda nganto. Bambi bade bacebise ngelithi kunokuba oku kuthiwe “kukwanda kwenkcazelo” kunokuchazwa kakuhle ngokuba “kukwanda kolwazi” okanye bephoxisa bathi “kukwanda kokungabi nalwazi.” Umhlalutyi uHazel Henderson ukubona ngolu hlobo oku: “Ukuba nenkcazelo yodwa akukukhanyiseli. Asikwazi ukuchaza ukuba yintoni inkcazelo engachananga, ukungabi nalwazi, okanye inkohliso kweli hlabathi lizaliswe ngamajelo eendaba. Ukufaka engqondweni kwanto nje eyinkcazelo kubashiye bezele ngooquwe noofezela benkcazelo engazi kubasa ndawo, kunokuphanda ngolwazi olutsha nolunentsingiselo.”

UJoseph J. Esposito, umongameli we-Encyclopædia Britannica Publishing Group, ngeliphandle uthi: “Inkcazelo eninzi kwesi Sizukulwana Senkcazelo imka nje namanzi; ifana nje nengxolo. Inkcazelo Eninzi Gqitha ichazwa kakuhle; isitsho sithi minxi iindlebe singeva nenye into. Xa singeva, asinakuze sazi nto.” UOrrin E. Klapp ukuchaza ngolu hlobo oku: “Ndirhanela ukuba akukho mntu waziyo ukuba ingakanani inkcazelo ebubuxoki kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano zikawonke-wonke, nkcazelo leyo enokukhangeleka isifundisa okuthile kodwa isibetha nje ngemf’ iphindiwe.”

Ngokungathandabuzekiyo uya kukhumbula ukuba ngoxa wawusafunda esikolweni eyona nto wawunikele ingqalelo kuyo kukufunda izibakala ukuze uphumelele iimviwo. Amaxesha amaninzi ubuhlohla izibakala engqondweni kanye ngaphambi kokubhalwa kweemviwo. Usakhumbula ufak’ entloko udederhu lwamaxesha kwizifundo zembali? Zingaphi iziganeko namaxesha osawakhumbulayo ngoku? Ngaba ezo zibakala zakufundisa ukuqiqa ukuze wenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo?

Ngaba Iyingenelo?

Ukuba akubekwanga sweni, ukuzixakekisa ngenkcazelo ethe kratya kunokudla ixesha, ubuthongo, impilo kwanemali eninzi. Kuba nangona inkcazelo eninzi ibeka le naleya phambi kwakho inokumnxunguphalisa umntu ophandayo, angaqiniseki enoba ukhangele okanye uyifumene yonke inkcazelo ekhoyo. UGqr. Hugh MacKay ulumkisa ngelithi: “Enyanisweni, inkcazelo ayikwenzi ukhanyiseleke. Inkcazelo, iyodwa ayisikhanyiseli ngentsingiselo yobomi bethu. Inkcazelo ayinanto yakwenza kangako nokuba nobulumko. Eneneni, njengezinye izinto onokuba nazo, isenokuba ngumqobo kwindlela yokufumana ubulumko. Ininzi into esinokuyazi, kanye njengokuba sinokuba nento eninzi.”

Abantu abasoloko besindwa lulwazi oluninzi ngokugqithiseleyo olufumaneka namhlanje kuphela kodwa bathwaxwa nakukudandatheka ngenxa yokuzama ukuguqula inkcazelo ikwazi ukuqondakala, ibe nentsingiselo ize ibe nemfundiso ngokwenene. Kuye kwathiwa “sisenokufana nomntu onxaniweyo oye wagwetyelwa ukusela ngesiciko sebhotile kumanzi okucima umlilo. Inkcazelo eninzi gqitha ekhoyo nendlela esoloko idluliselwa ngayo kwenza uninzi lwayo lungasincedi nganto.” Ngoko, inkcazelo ayibi yeyaneleyo kuba nje ininzi, kodwa imele ibe semgangathweni ize ibe luncedo kuthi.

Kuthekani Ngokudluliselwa Kwenkcazelo?

Elinye ibinzana eliqhelekileyo namhlanje lelithi “ukudluliselwa kwenkcazelo.” Oku kuthetha ukudluliselwa kolwazi ngoomatshini. Ngoxa le ndlela isebenza, yona asiyondlela ifaneleke ncam yokunxibelelana. Kutheni? Kungenxa yokuba siva bhetele xa sithetha nomntu, kungekhona nomatshini. Xa kudluliselwa le nkcazelo, akuboni mbonakalo yobuso, akuboni mehlo amntu okanye izimbo zomzimba, nto ezo ezisoloko zibangela incoko inik’ umdla zize zichaze imbilini. Xa uncokola nomntu, ezi zinto zongezelela zize zichaze amazwi awasebenzisayo. Akukho nokuba ibe nye kwezi ndlela ziluncedo ebakho xa inkcazelo idluliselwa ngomatshini, kwanakwimfonomfono ekuthiwa yicellular nethandwa kakhulu. Maxa wambi, kwanaxa uncokola nomntu nijongene akuyifumani ngokupheleleyo into esengqondweni yalo mntu uthethayo. Lowo uphulaphuleyo unokuweva amazwi aze awaqonde ngendlela yakhe aze awachaze ngendlela engafanelekanga. Enjani yona ukuba nkulu ingozi oku okunokuba yiyo xa lowo uthethayo engabonwa!

Isibakala esibuhlungu sesokuba ixesha elininzi gqitha elichithwa ngabanye abantu bejongene nekhompyutha nabalichitha bebukele umabonwakude maxa wambi lenza amalungu entsapho angazani ehlala endlwini enye.

Ngaba Ukhe Weva Ngetechnophobia?

I-“technophobia” ithetha “ukoyika izinto zobugcisa,” kuquka ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha nabanye oomatshini abafana nayo. Abanye bakholelwa kwelokuba olu lolunye lwezona ntlobo zonxunguphalo zixhaphakileyo nezibangelwa sisizukulwana senkcazelo. Inqaku elikwiThe Canberra Times, elisekelwe kwinqaku leAssociated Press linomxholo othi: “Iingqanga ZaseJapan Zoyika Iikhompyutha.” Kwathiwa ngomalathisi oyintloko wenkampani enkulu yaseJapan: “Unegunya yaye udumile. Kodwa makahlale nje phambi kwekhompyutha, akoyiki uyaduda.” Ngokolunye uhlolisiso olwenziwa kwiinkampani ezingama-880 zaseJapan, ziingqanga zazo ezingama-20 ekhulwini kuphela eziyisebenzisayo ikhompyutha.

Itechnophobia ibangelwa ziintlekele ezinkulu ezifana nokungasebenzi kweemfonomfono okwenzeka ngowe-1991 kwisiXeko saseNew York nokwaphazamisana nokusebenza kwezikhululo zeenqwelo-moya zalapho kangangeeyure eziliqela. Ibe kuthekani ngengozi eyenzeka eThree Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant eUnited States ngowe-1979? Kwathabatha iiyure eziliqela nezinzima ngaphambi kokuba abo basebenza kweli ziko baqonde imiqondiso yealarm elawula ikhompyutha.

Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yendlela ubugcisa besizukulwana senkcazelo obuluchaphazele ngayo ngendlela ephawulekayo uluntu. Kwincwadi yakhe, uGqr. Frederick B. Cohen ubuza le mibuzo ixhokonx’ ingcinga: “Ngaba ukhe waya ebhankini kutshanje? Ukuba iikhompyutha bezingasebenzi, ngaba ukwazile ukufumana imali? Kuthekani ngeevenkile ezinkulu? Ngaba belinokubonwa ixabiso lempahla oyithenge apho ukuba bezingekho iikhompyutha zokwenjenjalo?”

Mhlawumbi unokuyiqonda enye okanye ezingakumbi kwezi meko siza kuzithelekelela:

• Umatshini wakho wevidiyo (VCR [videotape recorder]) ubonakala unamaqhosha amaninzi njengoko ufuna ukukhangela inkqubo ofuna ukuyirekhoda. Mhlawumbi uthe nyoxo kukudana ubiza umtshana wakho oneminyaka esithoba ubudala ukuba awulungise ngokwakhe lo matshini wevidiyo okanye ugqiba kwelokuba akusafuni kuyibukela le nkqubo.

• Ufuna imali ngokungxamisekileyo. Ukhwela inqwelo-mafutha uye kumatshini okufutshane wokutsala imali, kodwa ngequbuliso ulapho ukhumbula ukuba ukugqibela kwakho ukuwusebenzisa wadideka waza wacofa amaqhosha obungafanele uwacofe.

• Kukhala imfonomfono eofisini. Lo mnxeba ufikele kuwe ngempazamo. Bekutsalelwa umnxeba umphathi wakho okumgangatho ongasentla. Ikho indlela elula yokudlulisela lo mnxeba, kodwa, kuba ungaqinisekanga, ugqiba kwelokuba umntu osebenza kwiswitchboard awudlulisele ngokwakhe lo mnxeba.

• Inqwelo-mafutha osandul’ ukuyithenga ixhakaxhaka ngaphakathi kanye ngokungathi yeyenqwelo-moya yala maxesha. Ngequbuliso, kudanyanza ilitha elibomvu ibe uyaxhalaba ngenxa yokuba ungazi ukuba eli litha lichaza ntoni. Kufuneka ukhangele incwadi enemiyalelo neneenkcukacha.

Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yetechnophobia. Sinokuqiniseka ukuba ezobugcisa ziya kuqhubeka zivelisa izixhobo ezidida ngakumbi nebeziya kubizwa ngabantu bakudala “njengemimangaliso.” Nto nganye eyenziwe ntsha efika kwindawo yentengiso ifuna ubuchule ukuba iza kusetyenziswa ngendlela ephumelelayo. Iincwadi ezinemiyalelo, ezibhalwe ziingcali ngolwimi olungacacanga,a zikutsho uxakeke kuba zibhalwe kucingwa ukuba umntu oza kusebenzisa eso sixhobo uyalwazi olo lwimi yaye unofifana nobuchule bokusisebenzisa.

Isazi ngenkcazelo uPaul Kaufman ngamafutshane sithi ngale meko: “Ibutho lethu linohlobo lwenkcazelo oluthi nangona lunomtsalane lungabi yingenelo. . . . Esinye isizathu sikukuba kuye kwanikelwa ingqalelo kakhulu kwiikhompyutha nakwezinye izixhobo zazo ibe bambalwa gqitha abantu abasebenzisa inkcazelo ukuze baliqonde kakuhle ihlabathi nokuze benze izinto eziluncedo. . . . Asikuba sizithanda kakhulu iikhompyutha kodwa asibacingeli abanye abantu.” Kubonakala ukuba ukuzixakekisa ngamabhongo okuvelisa izinto ezisemgangathweni nezintsha zobugcisa kusoloko kubangela ukuba abantu bazikhathaze ngezinto ezisaya kuveliswa. UEdward Mendelson uthi: “Amaphupha ezobugcisa akawenzi ubonakale umahluko phakathi kwezinto ezinokufikelelwa nezinqwenelekayo nje. Ukuba kunokwenziwa umatshini wokwenza umsebenzi ontsonkothe gqitha, ngoko abo banamaphupha baye bacinge ukuba lo msebenzi ufanele wenziwe.”

Kungenxa yoku kungasiwa so kwabantu kwezobugcisa okuye kwafaka igxalaba kakhulu ekunxunguphalisweni yinkcazelo.

Ngaba Imveliso Iyaphuculwa Ngokwenene?

Ebhala kwiThe Australian, umbhali wemihlathi uPaul Attewell uthetha ngophando awalwenzayo ngokuba lingakanani ixesha nemali eye yongiwa kusetyenziswa iikhompyutha kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Nazi iingongoma ezimbalwa azicwangcise kakuhle: “Phezu kwayo nje iminyaka emininzi kutyalwa imali kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha ezenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nemisebenzi yolawulo nokunciphisa iindleko, iiyunivesithi ezininzi neekholeji zifumanisa ukuba bayaqhubeka besanda abo baqeshwe kwicandelo lolawulo. . . . Kangangamashumi aliqela eminyaka, abenzi beekhompyutha baye bema ngelithi izinto zobugcisa ababezithengisa zaziya kubangela impumelelo engakumbi kwimveliso, zibangela ukuba kwenziwe umsebenzi othile wolawulo ngabasebenzi abambalwa gqitha kungabangakho zindleko zingako. Kunoko njengoko sibona, ubugcisa bokudluliselwa kwenkcazelo buye babangela ukuba abantu bangazinikeli xa besebenza: izinto ezininzi ezintsha zenziwa ngabantu abalinani elifanayo okanye abade bangaphezulu kunokuba loo msebenzi wangaphambili wenziwe ngabaqeshwa abambalwa. Ngokufuthi akukho mali yongiwayo. Omnye umzekelo wotshintsho oluye lwenzeka lolokuba abantu baye bazikhathaza ngobucukubhede bezobugcisa kunokuba bavelise amaphepha ngokukhawuleza.”

Ngoku kubonakala ngathi le nkcazelo ingumdliva nesenokuba yingozi kumaKristu, iya kuhlala ihleli. Kodwa sinokukuphepha njani ukunxunguphaliswa yinkcazelo—ubuncinane ukusa kumlinganiselo othile? Sinikela amacebiso ambalwa naluncedo kwinqaku elifutshane elilandelayo.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 16]

Inkcazelo Eninzi Ngokungeyomfuneko

“Njengokuba sonke sisazi ngokusuka kumava, ibutho labantu liya lisiba zizidenge ngakumbi. Ngoku sibona into entsha yokwanda kweenkqubo zikamabonwakude ezibonisa imfitshimfitshi, inkqubo zikanomathotholo ezikhuthaza intiyo, iinkqubo ezihlasimlisayo, amatyala agwetywa ngokungekho sikweni, iindlela ezingafanelekanga zokufumana udumo, ugonyamelo olugqithiseleyo nempoxo. Imiboniso bhanya-bhanya ibonisa isini ngokuphandle ibe ikhuthaza ugonyamelo kunanini na ngaphambili. Izibhengezo ziyingxolo nje, zinempembelelo ibe ngokufuthi zityekele ebubini . . . Intetho engamanyala ithabath’ unyawo, intlonelo yemveli ayisekho. . . . Oko abanye baye bakubiza ngokuba ‘yintlekele yexesha lethu kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha yentsapho’ kunento yokwenza neenguqu eziphathelele inkcazelo kunokuba kunjalo nokungahloneli kweHollywood ilungiselelo lentsapho yesithethe.”—Data Smog—Surviving the Information Glut, nguDavid Shenk.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 17]

Ubulumko Indlela Ephelelwe Lixesha

“Nyana wam, ukuba uthe wazamkela iintetho zam, wayiqwebela kuwe imithetho yam, ukuze uyibazele ubulumko indlebe yakho, uyithobele ukuqonda intliziyo yakho; ewe, ukuba uthe wayibiza ingqondo, walisa ekuqondeni ilizwi lakho; ukuba uthe wabufuna njengesilivere, wabumba njengobutyebi obuselelweyo: uya kwandula ukukuqonda ukoyika uYehova, ukufumane ukumazi uThixo, ngokuba uYehova upha ubulumko; emlonyeni wakhe kuphuma ukwazi nokuqonda. Kuba ubulumko buya kungena entliziyweni yakho, ukwazi kwenze mnandi umphefumlo wakho. Ukunkqangiyela kokugcina, ukuqonda kokulondoloza.”—IMizekeliso 2:1-6, 10, 11.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 18, 19]

Ukungenisa inkcazelo eninzi ngokugqith’ emgceni kuye kwathelekiswa nokuzalisa isiciko sebhotile ngamanzi okucima umlilo