Ngaba IBhayibhile Inombhalo Oyimfihlelo?

KWIMINYAKA emalunga nemibini emva kokugwintwa kweNkulumbuso yakwaSirayeli uYitzhak Rabin ngowe-1995, umchola-choli weendaba othile wathi, ngoncedo lobugcisa bekhompyutha, wasifumana isiprofeto esichaza eso siganeko sifihlwe kumbhalo weBhayibhile wesiHebhere santlandlolo. Lo mchola-choli weendaba, uMichael Drosnin, wabhala esithi wayezamile ukuyilumkisa inkulumbuso kwisithuba esingaphezu konyaka ngaphambi kokuba igwintwe kodwa akazange aphumelele.

Sithethanje sekupapashwe ezinye iincwadi kunye namanqaku athi lo mbhalo oyimfihlelo ububungqina obunamandla bokuba iBhayibhile iphefumlelwe nguThixo. Ngaba ukho umbhalo onjalo? Ngaba ukukholelwa kwethu ekubeni iBhayibhile iphefumlelwe nguThixo kufanele kusekelwe kumbhalo oyimfihlelo?

Ngaba Yingcamango Entsha?

Ingcamango yombhalo oyimfihlelo oseBhayibhileni ayintshanga. Iyimfundiso esisiseko kwiCabala, okanye kwiimfihlelo ezisisithethe zamaYuda. Ngokutsho kwabafundisi beCabala, le ntsingiselo isisiseko yombhalo weBhayibhile asiyiyo intsingiselo yawo yokwenene. Bakholelwa kwelokuba uThixo wasebenzisa oonobumba ngabanye kumbhalo weBhayibhile wesiHebhere njengemiqondiso, enokuthi yakuqondwa kakuhle ityhile eyona nyaniso. Ngokokubona kwabo, unobumba ngamnye wesiHebhere kunye nendawo akuyo kumbhalo weBhayibhile wabekwa nguThixo enenjongo ethile.

Ngokutsho kukaJeffrey Satinover, umphengululi wombhalo weBhayibhile, la maYuda akholelwa kwiimfihlelo avakalelwa kukuba oonobumba besiHebhere abasetyenziswa ukubhala ingxelo yendalo ekwiGenesis banamandla angummangaliso ayimfihlelo. Uyabhala: “IGenesis, ngamafutshane, asiyonkcazo nje; isisixhobo sokudala ngokwaso, iyiplani esengqondweni kaThixo eye yabonakaliswa ngokoqobo.”

Urabhi weCabala wenkulungwane ye-13, uBachya ben Asher waseSaragossa, eSpeyin, wabhala ngenkcazelo ethile efihlakeleyo awayityhilelwa ngokufunda unobumba wama-42 kwisicatshulwa seGenesis. Le ndlela yokutsiba oonobumba abathile ngelizama ukufumana izigidimi ezifihlakeleyo isisiseko sengcamango yale mihla yokuba iBhayibhile inombhalo ofihlakeleyo.

Iikhompyutha “Ziyawutyhila” Umbhalo

Ngaphambi kokuba kufike iikhompyutha, ukukwazi komntu ukuhlolisisa umbhalo weBhayibhile ngale ndlela kwakulinganiselwe. Noko ke, ngoAgasti 1994, ulindixesha iStatistical Science wapapasha inqaku awathi uEliyahu Rips weJerusalem’s Hebrew University kunye noogxa bakhe awayephengulula nabo benza amabango othusayo kulo. Bachaza besithi xa beshenxisa zonke izikhewu eziphakathi koonobumba naxa betsiba izikhewu eziphakathi koonobumba bombhalo wesiHebhere weGenesis, bafumana amagama oorabhi abaziwayo abangama-34 abhalwe ngokufihlakeleyo kuloo mbhalo, kunye nenye inkcazelo, enjengemihla yokuzalwa okanye yokufa, ikufutshane namagama abo.a Emva kokuvavanya ngokuphindaphindiweyo, abaphengululi bapapasha oko bakufumanisileyo besithi inkcazelo efihlwe kwiGenesis xa ibalwa iyazicacela nje ukuba ayinakuba ibekho ngamabona-ndenzile—nto leyo ebubungqina bokuba kukho inkcazelo eyafihlwa ngabom kwiGenesis kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.

Efak’ uchatha naye kule nkqubo, umchola-choli weendaba uDrosnin wenza olwakhe uvavanyo, efuna inkcazelo efihlakeleyo kwiincwadi zokuqala zeBhayibhile yesiHebhere. Ngokutsho kukaDrosnin, wafumana igama likaYitzhak Rabin lifihlwe kumbhalo weBhayibhile yaye lifumaneka xa uman’ ukutsiba oonobumba abangama-4 772. Akuba elungelelanise umbhalo weBhayibhile waba yimigca enonoobumba abangama-4 772 umnye, wabona igama likaRabin (elifunda esihla) lidibana nomgca (weDuteronomi 4:42, owawufundeka usiya ecaleni) uDrosnin awawuguqulela ngokuthi “isigwinta esiya kugwinta.”

Enyanisweni iDuteronomi 4:42 ithetha ngesibulala-mntu esibulele ngempazamo. Ngaloo ndlela, abaninzi baye bayigxeka indlela uDrosnin achaza ngayo, besithi le ndlela yakhe engeyoyanzululwazi yayinokusetyenziswa kuze kufunyanwe izigidimi ezifanayo kuwo nawuphi na umbhalo. Kodwa ke uDrosnin akazange ancame, wabacel’ umngeni esithi: “Ukuba nje abo bandigxekayo banokufumana isigidimi esingokugwintwa kweNkulumbuso sibhalwe ngokufihlakeleyo [kwincwadi yamabali] ethi Moby Dick, ndiza kubakholelwa.”

Ngaba Bukho Ubungqina Bokuphefumlelwa?

UNjingalwazi uBrendan McKay, weDepartment of Computer Science kwiNational University yaseOstreliya, walwamkela ucelomngeni lukaDrosnin waza wenza uphando olunzulu ngekhompyutha kuwo wonke umbhalo wesiNgesi wencwadi ethi Moby Dick.b Esebenzisa indlela efanayo nekaDrosnin, uMcKay uthi wafumana “iziprofeto” ezichaza ngokugwintwa kukaIndira Gandhi, uMartin Luther King, Omnci., uJohn F. Kennedy, uAbraham Lincoln nabanye. Lo kaMcKay uthi wafumanisa nokuba incwadi ethi Moby Dick “yayikwaprofeta” nangokubulawa kukaYitzhak Rabin.

Ebuyela kumbhalo wesiHebhere weGenesis, uNjingalwazi McKay noogxa bakhe nabo baye bayicel’ umngeni imiphumo yolingelo lukaRips noogxa bakhe. Babesithi umphumo awunanto yakwenza nezigidimi eziphefumlelweyo ezifihlakeleyo kunoko uxhomekeke kwindlela esetyenziswa ngulowo uphandayo—ukunxityelelaniswa koonobumba okwenziwa ngokoqikelelo lwalowo wenza uphando. Abaphengululi basawuxubusha nangoku lo mba.

Kuphinda kuphakame enye imbambano xa kusenziwa amabango athi ezo zigidimi zifihlakeleyo zazifihlwe ngabom kumbhalo “oqhelekileyo” okanye “wantlandlolo” wesiHebhere. URips namahlakani akhe awayephengulula nawo bathi benza uphando lwabo besebenzisa “umbhalo weGenesis oqhelekileyo nowamkelekileyo kubantu bonke.” UDrosnin ubhala athi: “Zonke iiBhayibhile zolwimi lwantlandlolo lwesiHebhere ezisekhoyo zifana nditsho nangoonobumba.” Kodwa ngaba yinyaniso leyo? Kunokuba kusetyenziswe umbhalo “oqhelekileyo,” kusetyenziswe iintlelo ezahlukeneyo zeBhayibhile yesiHebhere namhlanje, ezisekelwe kwimibhalo-ngqangi yamandulo eyahlukeneyo. Ngoxa isigidimi seBhayibhile singahluki, imibhalo-ngqangi yona ayifani ngoonobumba.

Iinguqulelo ezininzi zanamhlanje zisekelwe kwiLeningrad Codex—owona mbhalo-ngqangi wesiHebhere wamaMasorete mdala nopheleleyo—eyakhutshelwa malunga nonyaka we-1000 C.E. Kodwa uRips noDrosnin basebenzisa umbhalo owahlukileyo, obizwa ngokuba yiKoren. UShlomo Sternberg, urabhi ongumOthodoki nengcali yezibalo kwiHarvard University, uchaza athi iLeningrad Codex “yahluke ngoonobumba abangama-41 kwiDuteronomi kuphela xa ithelekiswa nohlelo lweKoren olusetyenziswe nguDrosnin.” IMisongo Yolwandle Olubomvu iquka iinxalenye zombhalo weBhayibhile ezakhutshelwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-2000 eyadlulayo. Kudla ngokubakho umahluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwendlela amagama abhalwe ngayo kule misongo nakwimibhalo yamaMasorete. Kweminye imisongo, kwaye kwafakelelwa oonobumba abaninzi ukuze babonise izandi zezikhamiso, ekubeni ngoko iimpawu zezikhamiso zazingekenziwa. Kweminye imisongo, kusetyenziswe oonobumba abambalwa. Xa bekuthelekiswa yonke imisongo yeBhayibhile ekhoyo kufunyaniswe ukuba intsingiselo yombhalo weBhayibhile ayitshintshanga. Ukanti kufunyaniswe ukuba indlela amagama abhalwe ngayo namanani oonobumba yahlukile kumbhalo ngamnye.

Ukufunwa koko kufane kubizwe ngokuthi sisigidimi esifihlakeleyo kuxhomekeke kumbhalo ongaguquguqukiyo nje kwaphela. Unobumba omnye nje otshintshiweyo unokuyigqwetha ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yokubala—kunye nesigidimi, ukuba phofu besikho. UThixo uye wasilondoloza isigidimi sakhe ngeBhayibhile. Kodwa akakhange alondoloze unobumba ngamnye, ngokungathi ubunonophele ngokugqithiseleyo ubuceducedu obungenamsebenzi obunjengokutshintsha kwendlela amagama abhalwa ngayo ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Ngaba oku akuthethi kuthi akukho sigidimi asifihlileyo eBhayibhileni?—Isaya 40:8; 1 Petros 1:24, 25.

Ngaba Uyimfuneko Phofu Umbhalo Ofihlakeleyo WeBhayibhile?

Umpostile uPawulos wayibhala yacaca into yokuba “sonke iSibhalo siphefumlelwe nguThixo kwaye siyingenelo ekufundiseni, ekohlwayeni, ekulungelelaniseni izinto, ekuqeqesheleni ebulungiseni, ukuze umntu kaThixo awufanelekele aze awuxhobele ngokupheleleyo wonke umsebenzi olungileyo.” (2 Timoti 3:16, 17) Isigidimi seBhayibhile esicacileyo nesingqalileyo akunzimanga ukusiqonda okanye ukusisebenzisa, kodwa abantu abaninzi bakhetha ukusityeshela. (Duteronomi 30:11-14) Iziprofeto ezichazwe ngokuphandle eBhayibhileni zisinika isizathu esibambekayo sokukholelwa ukuba iphefumlelwe.c Ngokungafaniyo nombhalo ofihlakeleyo, umntu akazicacisi ngaloo ndlela athanda ngayo iziprofeto zeBhayibhile, kwaye ‘aziphumi kuyo nakuyiphi na inkcazelo yobuqu.’—2 Petros 1:19-21.

Umpostile uPetros wabhala esithi “akubanga ngokulandela amabali obuxoki ayilwe ngobuqhetseba esathi saniqhelanisa namandla nobukho beNkosi yethu uYesu Kristu.” (2 Petros 1:16) Ingcamango yombhalo ofihlakeleyo weBhayibhile isuka kumaYuda akholelwa kwiimfihlelo, asebenzisa iindlela ‘zobuqhetseba’ ezisitha zize zigqwethe intsingiselo ecacileyo yombhalo weBhayibhile ophefumlelweyo. IZibhalo zesiHebhere zayigxeka ngokuphandle loo nto yokusetyenziswa kweemfihlelo.—Duteronomi 13:1-5; 18:9-13.

Hayi indlela esivuya ngayo kuba sinesigidimi nemiyalelo ecacileyo yeBhayibhile, enokusinceda simazi uThixo! Oku kubhetele kalishumi kunokuzama ukufunda ngoMdali wethu ngokufuna izigidimi ezifihlakeleyo ezisuka kwinkcazelo yobuqu nakuthelekelelo oluxhaswa ziikhompyutha.—Mateyu 7:24, 25.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]