Ama-Aztec Anamhla Aba NgamaKristu Okwenyaniso

“Iitempile zadilika, zaba yingqushu, izithixo zatshatyalaliswa yaye iincwadi ezingcwele zatshiswa ngomlilo, kodwa oothixo bamandulo basaphila ezintliziyweni zamaIndiya.”—Las antiguas culturas mexicanas (Inkcubeko Yamandulo YaseMexico).

IMEXICO lilizwe lama-Aztec, awayeligcuntswana lesizwe sabaphambukeli ngenkulungwane ye-13 aza aba bubukhosi obasukuzana nobohlanga lwamaIncas ePeru. Nangona ubukhosi bama-Aztec bawa kusakuthinjwa iTenochtitlán ngowe-1521, ulwimi lwawo, isiNahuatl, aluzange lufe.a Ubuncinane lithethwa ngabantu bomthonyama abaphantse babesisigidi esinesiqingatha kumaphondo ali-15 aseMexico. Luye lwalondoloza ezinye zeenkolelo zamandulo zama-Aztec njengoko umphandi uWalter Krickeberg ocatshulwe ngasentla ebonisa. Ziziphi ezinye zezo nkolelo?

Izithethe Ezingaqhelekanga Kodwa Ezaziwayo

Mhlawumbi elona siko lama-Aztec elaziwa ngokubanzi kukwenza idini ngomntu. Lalisekelwe kwinkolelo yokuba ilanga liza kucima ukuba alondliwa ngeentliziyo nangegazi lomntu. Imonki yaseSpeyin uDiego Durán ithi, ngowe-1487 xa kwakunikezelwa itempile enkulu yaseTenochtitlán, kwabingelelwa ngabantu abangaphezulu kwama-80 000 kwisithuba seentsuku ezine.

Nangona abantu baseSpeyin babelonyanya eli siko, bamangaliswa kukufumanisa ukuba ezinye zeenkolelo zama-Aztec zazifana twatse neenkolelo zabo zeCawa yamaKatolika. Ngokomzekelo, ama-Aztec ayesenza umthendeleko ekwakutyiwa kuyo imifanekiso yoothixo babo eyenziwe ngombona. Maxa wambi kwakutyiwa nenyama yamaxhoba ebekubingelelwe ngawo. Ama-Aztec ayesebenzisa umnqamlezo, evuma izono yaye ephehlelela iintsana. Mhlawumbi owona mnqa yayikukunqulwa kukaTonantzin, gama elo elithetha “Umama Wethu Omncinane.” Le Ntombi Inyulu yaseGuadalupe ikwabizwa ngokuthi “uMama kaThixo” nangokuthi “Unomdakazana waseTepeyac.”

Kwaku le nduli ayenqulela kuyo uTonantzin ama-Aztec, kuthiwa iNtombi eNyulu engumKatolika yaseGuadalupe ethetha isiNahuatl, yabonakala kumIndiya ongumAztec ngowe-1531. Esi siganeko sabangela ukuba ama-Aztec aguqukele kubuKatolika ngobuninzi. Kwaye kwakhiwa itempile yale ntombi inyulu kwisiseko setempile kaTonantzin. NgoDisemba 12, le tempile ityelelwa ngamakhulu amawaka abanquli baseMexico abazinikeleyo, uninzi lwabo luthetha isiNahuatl.

Kwiindawo ezisemagqagaleni, ahlala kuzo amaNahuatl enzela iingcwele zawo eziwakhuselayo imithendeleko emininzi, ethatha iintsuku okanye iiveki. Incwadi ethi El universo de los aztecas (Ihlabathi lama-Aztec) ithi abantu bomthonyama “banxulumanisa ukunqulwa kweengcwele zamaKatolika nemibhiyozo eyayisenziwa ngaphambi kokufika kukaCortés.” AmaNahuatl atshone zwabha ekusebenzelaneni nemimoya. Xa egula, aya emagqirheni ukuze anyangwe ngokuhlanjwa ngamayeza kuze kuxhelwe nokuxhelwa. Ngaphezu koko, inkoliso yawo ayikwazi ukufunda iSpanish okanye isiNahuatl. Ama-Aztec abambelele nkqi kumasiko nakulwimi lwawo yaye azimpula zikalujaca ezibukulwayo ngabantu.

Iinyaniso ZeBhayibhile Zifikelela Kuma-Aztec Anamhla

Kangangeminyaka emininzi, amaNgqina kaYehova aseMexico ebesenza umgudu wokufikelela bonke abantu ‘ngeendaba ezilungileyo zobukumkani.’ (Mateyu 24:14) Ngowama-2000, iofisi yesebe yamaNgqina kaYehova yaseMexico yaqalisa iphulo lokushumayela kubo bonke abantu abathetha isiNahuatl ngolwimi lwawo ngenjongo yokuba kusekwe amabandla olwimi lwesiNahuatl ukwenzela abo babesiya kwiintlanganiso eziqhutywa ngeSpanish. Kwamiselwa iqela labaguquleli ababeza kuvelisa uncwadi lweBhayibhile lwesiNahuatl. Kwenziwa namalinge okuwanceda ukuze akwazi ukufunda nokubhala ulwimi lwawo. Ube yintoni umphumo? Khawurhabule apha, kodwa ke ungafinci.

Xa elinye ibhinqa lomthonyama laphulaphula intetho yeBhayibhile yesiNahuatl isihlandlo sokuqala lathi: “Besisiya ezintlanganisweni iminyaka elishumi siqhekekelwa ziintloko kuba besingasilandeli iSpanish. Kodwa kusuke kwabangathi sibuqala phantsi ubomi bethu kwakhona!” UJuan oneminyaka engamashumi amathandathu ubudala ebefunda iBhayibhile esiya nakwiintlanganiso ebeziqhutywa ngeSpanish nomfazi wakhe nabantwana bakhe iminyaka esibhozo engenzi nkqubela. Kodwa mvanje uye waqalisa ukufunda iBhayibhile ngesiNahuatl. Kungaphelanga nonyaka, uye waba liNgqina elibhaptiziweyo.

Njengokuba la mava ebonisa, uninzi lwabo lwaqala ukufunda iBhayibhile ngeSpanish, kodwa babengayiqondi kakuhle. Ukuqhuba iintlanganiso, iindibano nokufunda iimpapasho ngolwimi lwabo kuye kwawanceda amkela iinyaniso zeBhayibhile aze aqonda neembopheleleko zawo zobuKristu.

Ukoyisa Imiqobo

Akukhange kube lula ukwenza inkqubela ngokomoya kumaNahuatl. Ngokomzekelo, kukho ingcinezelo enamandla yokuba nenxaxheba kwimibhiyozo yonqulo. ESan Agustín Oapan, amaNgqina kaYehova ayengavunyelwa ukuba ashumayele kwindlu ngendlu. Kwakukho uloyiko lokuba abantu abazukuyixhasa ngemali le mibhiyozo. Xa uFlorencio neqaqobana lamaNgqina athetha isiNahuatl babeshumayela, abathathu kubo babanjwa. Kwimizuzu nje engama-20, ihlokondiba ladibana ukuze ligqibe ngento eliza kubenza yona.

UFlorencio uthi: “Babefuna ukusicima igama ngoko nangoko. Abanye bathi sifanele sibotshelelwe ngentambo size siphoswe emlanjeni ukuze sirhaxwe. Sachitha ubusuku bonke entolongweni. Ngosuku olulandelayo, iNgqina elalikwaligqwetha nabanye abazalwana ababini beza kusinceda. Nabo baphoswa ngaphaya kwezitshixo. Ekugqibeleni, abasemagunyeni basikhulula ukuba nje siza kuhamba kule dolophu.” Phezu kwawo nje loo mava abuhlungu, kwamiselwa ibandla emva konyaka, linamaNgqina ali-17 abhaptiziweyo nabantu abamalunga nama-50 abeza kwiintlanganiso.

Kummandla ahlala kuwo amaNahuatl eCoapala, Alberto, elinye lamaNgqina kaYehova, lamenyelwa kumbhiyozo wasekuhlaleni. Lalandula ngenxa yoko lavalelwa entolongweni. Kwabizwa imbizo, abanye babesithi makaxhonywe ukuze koyikiswe abo babesenokufuna ukuya kunqulo lwakhe. Amanye amaNgqina enza amalinge okuba akhululwe, kodwa nawo abanjwa. Emva kokuba lo mbhiyozo owathabatha iveki uphelile onke loo maNgqina akhululwa. Njengoko yayiqhubeka inkcaso, kwafuneka kucelwe uncedo kwabasemagunyeni, bona bakhupha umyalelo wenkundla owaphelisa loo ntshutshiso. Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, inkokeli yalo nkcaso yayamkela inyaniso yeBhayibhile kancinane nje emva koko yaza yabhaptizwa. Ngoku kukho ibandla kuloo dolophu.

Ilungele Ukuvunwa

Ngenxa yokubona ukuba intsimi yesiNahuatl ilungelo ukuvunwa, ngoku amanye amaNgqina afunda olu lwimi. Nako oku, kuneyawo imiqobo. AmaNahuatl ngabantu abantloni abangakuthandiyo ukuthetha ngolwimi lwabo ngenxa yendlela abaye baphathwa ngayo. Kwakhona ulwimi lwabo lunamagama amaninzi onokuwasebenzisa kwizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, okanye ulwimi lwengingqi.

USonia, umshumayeli wexesha elizeleyo, uchaza oko kwamenza wafunda olu lwimi. Uthi: “Iiyure nje ezimbini ukusuka ekhayeni lam, kukho abasebenzi bamaNahuatl abamalunga nama-6 000 abahlala apho yaye abathath’ intweni. Imeko yabo yandenza ndaba buhlungu kakhulu kuba amaNahuatl ayekade engabantu abazithandayo, yaye angumthombo wezithethe zethu. Besishumayela ngeSpanish kubo iminyaka engama-20, kodwa bebengaqondi kakuhle yaye bebengenamdla kangako. Noko ke, ndathi ndakufunda amagama ambalwa olwimi lwabo, andamkela. Ayendingqonga ukuze andiphulaphule. Ndacela ukufundisa elinye lalo mabhinqa ukufunda nokubhala kodwa lona kwakuza kufuneka lindifundise ulwimi lwesiNahuatl. Ngoku bandibiza ngokuba ‘ndilibhinqa elithetha isiNahuatl.’ Ndiziva ndingumthunywa wevangeli kwilizwe lam.” Ndithetha nawe nje kukho ibandla lesiNahuatl kuloo mmandla.

UMaricela, omnye umshumayeli wexesha elizeleyo, wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze afunde olu lwimi. Ekuqaleni, wayeqhuba isifundo seBhayibhile ngeSpanish noFélix oneminyaka engama-70 ubudala. Njengoko esiya esifunda isiNahuatl, uMaricela waqalisa ukumcacisela ezinye izinto ngolwimi lwakhe. Oku kuye kwaba nomphumo omhle. Wachukumiseka gqitha xa uFélix esakubuza ukuba, “Ngaba uYehova uyaphulaphula xa ndithetha naye ngesiNahuatl?” UFélix wavuya esakuva ukuba uYehova uzazi zonke iilwimi. UFélix uya rhoqo kwiintlanganiso nangona kufuneka ahambe iyure enesiqingatha yaye ngoku ubhaptiziwe. UMaricela uthi: “Hayi indlela endivuya ngayo kuba ndisebenza nengelosi eneendaba ezilungileyo zokuvakaliswa kubo bonke abantu!”—ISityhilelo 14:6, 7.

Ewe, amasimi amaNahuatl “amhlophe ukuze kuvunwe.” (Yohane 4:35) Sithandazela ukuba uYehova aqhubeke emema abantu bazo zonke iintlanga, kuquka nama-Aztec anamhlanje, ukuba aye entabeni yakhe ukuze afundiswe iindlela zakhe.—Isaya 2:2, 3.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Imaphu ekwiphepha 13]

(Ukuba ufuna inkcazelo ehlahlelwe kakuhle, yiya kwimpapasho)

ISIXEKO SASEMEXICO

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