Yini Eyenzekayo EZizweni Ezihlangene?
KWENZEKA okuthile eziZweni Ezihlangene. Kwenzeka izehlakalo ezethusayo ezizothinta ikusasa lakho. Abaholi bezwe balindele lukhulu ngazo. Cabangela amazwi abo:
“Eminyakeni engamashumi amane nanhlanu ngemva kokuzalwa kwayo, ngemva kokukhubazeka isikhathi eside, inhlangano [yeZizwe Ezihlangene] iyathuthuka phambi kwamehlo ethu, futhi manje iqhamuka njengomahluleli weqiniso, isho umthetho futhi izame ukwenza ugcinwe.”—Umongameli uFrançois Mitterrand waseFrance engqungqutheleni yama-45 yeSishaya-mthetho seUN, ngoSeptember 24, 1990.
Kuwo lomhlangano, owayenguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle eSoviet uEduard Shevardnadze wathi “umuntu akanakukugwema ukwaneliswa ubunye obuyingqayizivele boMkhandlu Wezokulondeka we[UN] . . . Ukuma okuthathwe amalungu eNhlangano [yeZizwe Ezihlangene] kunika uMkhandlu Wezokulondeka igunya lokwenza noma yini eyodingwa izithakazelo zokuthula komhlaba.”
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, uMongameli uGeorge Bush waseUnited States wakhuluma kuSishaya-mthetho seUN. Izinguquko azibona zamshukumisela ukuba athi: “Kusukela ngo-1945 asikaze sibone ukuba nokwenzeka kwangempela kokusebenzisa inhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene ngokwalokho eyayikuhlelelwe—njengesikhungo sokulondeka kwezizwe zonke zomhlaba.” Washo lokhu ngenxa yokuthi “iZizwe Ezihlangene zasabela ngobunye obuyingqopha-mlando nokuzimisela” enkingeni yasePersian Gulf. “Ngokokuqala ngqa, uMkhandlu Wezokulondeka weU.N. uqala ukusebenza ngendlela owawuklanyelwe ukusebenza ngayo.” Futhi wathi: “IZizwe Ezihlangene zingasiza ekuletheni inkathi entsha” uma amalungu azo ‘eyeka izikhali ezimbi.’ Ngokwenza lokhu, angafeza “umzabalazo ongokomlando wokufinyelela isimiso sezwe elisha nenkathi ende yokuthula.”
UMnu. Guido de Marco, umongameli weSishaya-mthetho seNhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene, waba nokuqiniseka okufanayo. Washo ngesasasa: “Ukuqala kwesimiso esisha esisekelwe ebunganini nasekubambisaneni phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu sekuyabonakala. . . . Lezizehlakalo seziye zafakela iNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene ugqozi kabusha.” Wathi “indima yeSishaya-mthetho njengomsuka wezingxoxo nezinqumo zomhlaba wonke, isiye yaqiniswa kabusha ngendlela ehlaba umxhwele.” Ngenxa yalokhu, waqhubeka wathi: “Izwe alisekho ebumnyameni beArmagedoni ebingenzeka ibangelwa ukuncintisana ngemibono.”
Zaziyini “lezehlakalo” ngokushesha ezafaka iZizwe Ezihlangene kulesimo sokuvelela nokuba nethonya osekunesikhathi eside kuthenjwa ukuthi kuzoba khona? Yini eyabangela ukuqiniseka okunjalo okwabangela abaholi bezwe ukuba bakhulume ngendlela ebonisa ithemba “ngesimiso sezwe elisha nenkathi ende yokuthula” engenangozi yeArmagedoni yenuzi?
Yini Eyaletha Ushintsho?
“Ukuphela kwempi yomshoshaphansi [eYurophu],” kuphendula uNobhala-jikelele weUN uJavier Pérez de Cuéllar embikweni wakhe ka-1990 omayelana nomsebenzi weZizwe Ezihlangene. Amashumi amaningi eminyaka leso simo esishubile “sadala izinsolo ezimbi nokwesaba futhi sahlukanisa izwe laba amaqembu amaningi abukana ngeziqu zamehlo.” Waphawula ukuthi “umqondo wokulondeka [lowo] osuqale ukuvela yiwo kanye lowo iZizwe Ezihlangene ebezilokhu zikhuluma ngawo yonke leminyaka.”
Yebo, kwabonakala sengathi izizwe ekugcineni zazifunda, kusho unobhala-jikelele, ukuthi “ukuthanda ukuvikeleka ngokwezempi kuphumela emncintiswaneni othuthukisa izikhali, . . . kuvimbela izingxoxo ezingokwezombangazwe, . . . futhi kwandisa umuzwa wokungalondeki kuzo zonke izizwe.” Futhi yini lesimo esisha sengqondo esayiveza?
Umoya wokubambisana ngemfudumalo nokwethembana waqala ukugcwala emihlanganweni emikhulu yemibuso emikhulu. Njengoba lomoya wawanda, ayibanga isasizwa isidingo sezinga elifanayo lamabutho ezempi ahlome aphelela ngezikhali ukuze likhonze njengezingibe ezindaweni zokuhlasela eYurophu. UDonga LwaseBerlin lwawa. IJalimane yahlanganiswa. Iningi lamazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu lamisa ohulumeni abasha, lanikeza izakhamuzi zalo inkululeko ezazingakaze zibe nayo ngaphambili. Imingcele eyayivaliwe yavulelwa izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe, ukushintshana ngamasiko, ezomnotho nezohwebo. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, iSoviet Union neUnited States kwaqala ukudumisa iZizwe Ezihlangene nokumemezela isidingo sokuyisebenzisa njengamandla angaphumelela esidingweni sezwe sokuthula nokulondeka.
Ukuba Nombono Ongokoqobo
Ingabe lezinguquko ezisheshayo zakumangaza? Ingabe waqala ukucabanga ukuthi, ekugcineni, ukuthula nokulondeka sekuseduze nokuthi iZizwe Ezihlangene zizofeza indima enkulu ekufinyeleleni leyomigomo? Uma kucatshangelwa lokho okuye kwenzeka, ukuba nethemba ngezinto kuyaqondakala. Nokho, ukuhlakanipha nomlando kuqondisa ukuba sibe nombono oqondile ngokuba nokwenzeka kwalokhu.
Phawula lokho uMnu. Pérez de Cuéllar akusho embikweni wakhe: “Kabili kulelikhulu leminyaka, ngemva kwezimpi ezimbili ezibhubhisayo, ukuba nokwenzeka kokwakha isimiso esinokuthula sembulunga yonke akuzange kufinyeleleke ngokugcwele.” UMongameli uBush wasebenzisa amagama acishe afane enkulumeni yakhe emhlanganweni kaKhongolose waseU.S. ngoMarch 6, 1991. “Kabili ekuqaleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka, izwe lonke lalihlukunyezwe yimpi. Kabili kulelikhulu leminyaka, ekwesabeni impi kwavela ithemba lokuthula okuhlala njalo. Kabili ngaphambili, lawomathemba abonakala eyiphupho elikude, elikude ukuba umuntu alifinyelele.”
UNobhala Kahulumeni waseU.S. uJames Baker wakubeka ngokuthe ngqó lapho ekhuluma eMkhandlwini Wezokulondeka weUN. Lapho ecela izwi lesinqumo leUN ekusebenziseni amabutho ePersian Gulf, wakhumbuza ozakwabo ukuthi “ukunxusa” kwe-Ethiopia kwango-1936 “iNhlangano Yezizwe akuzange kulalelwe. Imizamo yeNhlangano yokususa imbangela yobudlova yahluleka futhi kwaqa- la isiphithiphithi somhlaba wonke nempi.” UMnu. Baker wabe esenxusa: “Akumelwe sivumele iZizwe Ezihlangene ukuba zihambe ngendlela yeNhlangano Yezizwe.”
Yayiyini iNhlangano Yezizwe? Kungani yahlelwa? Kungani yehluleka? Izimpendulo zalemibuzo zizosenza sikwazi ukubona izinguquko ezenzeka eNhlanganweni yeZizwe Ezihlangene.