Okumelwe Ukwazi Ngezintwala Zasekhanda
UKUSHAQEKA, umuzwa wokuhlazeka, nomuzwa wecala kuwukusabela okuvamile kwabazali abazingane zabo zinezintwala zasekhanda. Omunye umama wathi, “Kuyadumaza, ngoba uba nomuzwa wokuthi abantu bacabanga ukuthi awuhlanzekile.”
Kodwa ingabe sikhona isizathu sokudumazeka uma ikhanda lakho liba nezintwala?
Izinhlobo Ezintathu
Izintwala zasekhanda ziyizilokazana ezincane, ezingenazimpiko lezo ngokuvamile eziba cishe amamilimitha asukela kweli-1 kuya kwama-2 ubude, cishe ubukhulu obungangembewu yesesame. Zimhloshana ukuya ebunsundwini obukhanyayo ngebala. Ihlazo elihlotshaniswa nokuba nezintwala lisukela emqondweni ophambene wokuthi izintwala zihlasela kuphela abantu abangahlanzekile kahle. Kodwa, eqinisweni, izintwala zasekhanda zikhetha indawo ehlanzekile, ngakho ngisho nalabo abageza imizimba njalo bangaba nazo.
Ngaphandle kwezintwala zasekhanda, ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zezintwala zivamile kubantu: izintwala zasemzimbeni nezintwala zezinza. Intwala yezinza, edluliselwa ngokuthintana okuseduze kobulili, itholakala ezinweleni eziqinile endaweni yezinza, ngaphansi kwamakhwapha, ezitshebeni nasemadevini, nangezinye izikhathi ezinkopheni. Imfushane futhi ukubonakala kwayo kunjengenkalankala encane, yingakho yaqanjwa igama elithi intwala eyinkalankala.
Intwala yomzimba, ngokungafani nezintwala zasekhanda nezezinza, ayihlali kubantu. Ihlala ezimpahleni zokugqoka eziseduze kakhulu nesikhumba futhi inwabuzele iya emzimbeni ukuze ithole ukudla. Intwala yomzimba igcwele kakhulu kubantu abahlala ezindaweni eziminyene nasezimweni ezingahlanzekile. Ezikhathini ezidlule ibiwumthuthi wezifo ezihlanganisa ityphus, itrench fever, nerelapsing fever, kodwa lezizifo akusavamile ukuba zandiswe izintwala namuhla.
Ziyinkinga Eyande Kangakanani?
Iphephabhuku lezokwelapha iArchives of Dermatology lathi: “IPediculosis capitis [isifo sezintwala zasekhanda] siye saba inkinga esakazeke kabanzi eUnited States, ifinyelela amanani ezifo ezisakazekile kwezinye izindawo.” Izazi zezempilo zilinganisela ukuthi abantu abasukela ezigidini eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi eUnited States baphathwa izintwala minyaka yonke.
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni okwenziwa Izikhungo ZaseU.S. Zokunqanda Izifo, inani elikhulu labafundi abahlolwa lalinezintwala zasekhanda. Eqinisweni, uProfesa David Taplin, weSikole Sezokwelapha saseYunivesithi yaseMiami uthi: “Kwezinye izindawo ukuhlaselwa izintwala kuphakeme ngangamaphesenti angama-40.”
Nokho, ukukhathazeka ngokwenyuka kwenani labantu abaphathwa izintwala akwenzeki eUnited States kuphela. Umagazini wesayensi, iDiscover uyabika: “ECanada naseChile, eNgilandi, eFrance, eItaly, eMpumalanga Jalimane, eSoviet Union, ngisho naseAustralia, kuvela imibiko yezintwala zasekhanda ezihlasela amaphesenti angama-50 noma ngaphezulu abantwana abasezikoleni ezithile.”
Zidluliselwa Kanjani?
Njengoba izintwala zingakwazi ukundiza noma ukugxuma, zidluliselwa ngokuyinhloko ngokuthintana okuqondile nomuntu onazo, ngokuvamile ngokuthintana kwamakhanda. Lokuhlola okwenziwa emakilasini okufundela asePennsylvania kwembula ukuthi amaphesenti angama-73 azo zonke izintwala ezihlasela abantu ngalendlela. Abanye banomuzwa wokuthi lelinani liphakeme kakhulu. UDennis White, umqondisi weArthropod-Borne Disease Program, New York State Department of Health, uthi: “Ukuthintana okuqondile kuyimbangela yokuphathwa izintwala okungamaphesenti ayi-90 kwabo bonke abaphethwe izintwala.”
Ezinye izindlela ongathola ngazo izintwala zasekhanda iwukusebenzisa ikamu elilodwa, irette, isikhafu, isigqoko, umchilo ofakwa ekhanda, ithawula, namaheadphone omsakazo, isigqoko esifakwa uma kubhukudwa, noma ezinye izinto zomuntu siqu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izintwala ziyakwazi ukuphila zingekho esisulwini amahora angama-20 (abanye bathi ngisho nangama-48).
Esinye isizathu sokuba izintwala zisakazeke kangaka namuhla siwukuthi abazali abaningi abalwisani nalenkinga. UDeborah Altschuler, umqondisi weNational Pediculosis Association, uthi “ngokuvamile abantu bamatasa kakhulu ukuba bakhumbule ukuba babe nesikhathi futhi benze umzamo wokuhlola izinwele zabantwana babo ukuze babone ukuthi akhona yini ‘amanit’ [amaqanda ezintwala].” Iqiniso elibuhlungu liwukuthi eminyakeni yawo-1980 ukuphathwa izintwala kuwumphumela wokunganaki nokungabi nandaba.
Ukuvikela Umkhaya Wakho
Uphawu oluyinhloko lwesifo sezintwala ukuluma. Inxeba lentwala yasekhanda alithandeki ogebhezini, libangela ukuluma futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuba bomvu. Yiba ngosolayo uma ubona ingane yakho izinwaya ikhanda ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuhlola kokucophelela kudinga ukukhanya okukhanya kahle nengilazi ekhulisa izinto. Njengoba intwala ishesha futhi ikugwema ukubonakala, funa amaqanda ayo (amanit), lawo anamathela ezinweleni eduze nogebhezi. Ngombala iqanda lentwala lisukela embaleni ophuzi ngokukhanyayo kuya konsundu ngokukhanyayo. Izazi zezifo zesikhumba ziye zaphawula okungenani izimo eziyi-12 ngokuvamile ezididaniswa nokuhlaselwa amaqanda ezintwala. Ngakho-ke, sebenzisa ingilazi ekhulisa izinto ukuze ulicwaninge kahle ikhanda. Gxila ngasezindlebeni nangemva kwentamo.
Uma kutholakala izintwala noma amaqanda azo, ukwelapha ngeshampoo ekhethekile, ukhilimu, noma uketshezi (ipediculicide) kuyozibulala izintwala. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwanda kwazo, bonke abanazo kumelwe belashwe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngakho hlola wonke umkhaya ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukwelapha.
Amapediculicide awawabulali ngaso sonke isikhathi amaqanda ezintwala anamathele ezinweleni. Noma imaphi amaqanda asele ayochamusela phakathi kwezinsuku eziyikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi, ngakho ukwelashwa kwesibili ngepediculicide kungase kudingeke ukuze kubulawe noma iziphi izintwala ezisindile. Nokho, kukhona izwi lesixwayiso: Wonke amapediculicide aqukethe isilinganiso esithile sezibulala zinambuzane okungathi uma engasetshenziswanga kahle, aveze imiphumela engathi sína eseceleni. Ngakho-ke, zilandelele ngokucophelisisa iziqondiso zomkhiqizi walemithi.
Uma amapediculicide engekho endaweni yakini, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingase zisetshenziswe. Izazi eziningi zitusa ukususa amaqanda ezintwala ngekamu elikhethekile elinamazinyo amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, incwadi yezokwelapha iClinical Dermatology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy iyasikisela: “Usimende onamathisela amaqanda ezintwala ezinweleni ungase uncibilikiswe ngokucindezelwa ngoviniga ogcotshwe ezinweleni imizuzu eyi-15.”
Okuphumelela ngisho nangokwengeziwe ukuphuca ikhanda. Abanye baye bathola futhi ukuthi ukugcoba ingcosana yekerosene ogebhezini imizuzu esukela kweyi-15 kuya kwengama-20 kuyobulala kokubili izintwala namaqanda azo. Nokho, kumelwe kuqashelwe, njengoba ikerosene ingase ilimaze isikhumba, futhi uma ingena emehlweni, angase abe buhlungu. Futhi ikerosene ingaba ubuthi uma ihogeliwe, futhi iyothungela umlilo uma iseduze kwelangabi.
Okubalulekile futhi ukuqedwa kwazo ezintweni zokulala, izingubo, nezinye izinto zomuntu siqu. Ziwashe bese uzomisa ngomshini wokomisa izingubo oshisayo okungenani imizuzu engama-20 ukuze ubulale izintwala kanye namaqanda azo. Sebenzisa ivacuum cleaner ukuze uhlanze omatilasi, ifenisha ekhavwe ngendwangu, nezinye izinto ezingawasheki ukuze ususe wonke amaqanda aphilayo noma izintwala. Ukuqedwa kwazo kuyisenzo esithatha isikhathi, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwanda kwezintwala emkhayeni wakho.
Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukugomela izintwala, ungakwehlisa kakhulu ukuba nokwenzeka kokuzithola ngokulandela iziqondiso ezilula ezimbalwa. Khuthaza abantwana bakho ukuba bagweme ukusebenzisa ikamu elilodwa, amabhulashi, nezinye izinto zomuntu siqu lezo ezingazidlulisela kalula izintwala. Uma kunokwenzeka, lalisa abantwana bakho emibhedeni ehlukene. Gcina izinwele ezinde zilukiwe noma ziboshwe ngemuva ukuze usize ekunciphiseni izintwala ezidluliselwa ngokuthintana kwamakhanda. Futhi okokugcina, uma ingane yakho kwenzeka ukuba ithole izintwala, musa ukutatazela. Ipediculosis kuyethukela ibe isifo esingathi sína. Futhi ivame kakhulu futhi ingenye yezimfihlo ezigcinwa esifubeni endaweni.
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 19]
Inkinga Endala Kakhulu
Izintwala zasekhanda bezilokhu zihlupha abantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka. IMedical Post kaNovember 15, 1988, iyabika: “Izintwala ziye zatholakala zinamathele ezinweleni zezidumbu ezomisiwe zaseGibithe, amaNdiya angaphambi kwesikhathi sikaColumbus asePeru namaNdiya angaphambi kwesikhathi sokubhalwa komlando aseningizimuntshonalanga yeMelika.
“Ngalesosikhathi njengasesikhathini samanje, izintwala zazingayihloniphi neze indawo yobukhosi, isikhundla, noma ukubaluleka okungokwenkolo.
“Zazitholakala ngobuningi emakamini nasemfumbeni yezinwele okuvela esigodlweni sikaHerode, ezindaweni zasendulo ezingaseMasada, nasemihubheni eQumran lapho imibhalo yasoLwandle Olufile, imibhalo emidala kakhulu yeBhayibheli ebhalwe ngesandla, yatholakala khona.”
Amakamu okuqhathulula amaqanda ezintwala ayesetshenziswa izinkulungwane zeminyaka edlule afana ngokuphawulekayo nalawo asetshenziswa namuhla. Ngokuvamile lamakamu ayenziwa ngokhuni, kodwa amakamu ezinyo lendlovu atholakala esigodlweni sasendulo eMegido. Lapho amakamu okuqhathulula amaqanda ezintwala asezimpahleni eziseminyuziyamu ehlolwa ngokuseduze, atholakala egcwele izintwala namaqanda azo.
UDkt. Kosta Mumcuoglu, wasesikoleni sokwelapha seHebrew University-Hadassah, waphawula: “Uma kucatshangelwa inani lezintwala namaqanda azo okwakusemakamini, ngokusobala lokhu kwakuyizinto ezazisetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ekuqhathululeni izintwala.”
[Isithombe ekhasini 20]
Intwala yasekhanda (ekhuliswe kakhulu)
[Umthombo]
Photo by courtesy of Beccham Products U.S.A.