Lezozinhlayiya Ezisangilazi ZaseKofu
Ngomlobeli wePhaphama! eJapane
INGABE uke wahlatshwa umxhwele ubuhle bento yokuhloba ecwebezelayo noma eqoshiwe? Ngokunokwenzeka kwake kwenzeka. Kodwa njengabaningi bethu, ngokunokwenzeka awazi ukuthi kwakhiwe kanjani. Ukuze sithole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngalokhu, ake siye eKofu, eJapane, idolobha elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNtaba edumile iFuji. Lingesinye sezikhungo ezinkulu kakhulu ezikhiqiza amagugu emhlabeni.
Okokuqala, sizovakashela Isikhungo Sokucwaninga SaseLapidary, lapho osebenza khona esitshela ngezinto ezivubukuliwe ezibonisa ukuthi ezikhathini ezidlule amaqhawe aseJapane ayesebenzisa lezinhlanyiyana ezisangilazi azifake ezihlokweni zeminsalo yawo. Ezinye izihloko zeminsalo zingase zihlehlele emuva esikhathini sikaKristu. Futhi sizwa ngengxenye eyayifezwa yilezo zinhlayiya enkolweni. Inkolo yamaShinto igxile ezintweni zemvelo ezinjengelanga, izintaba, izihlahla, namadwala. Noma yini eyayibonakala ingavamile kwakuba yinto yokukhulekelwa. Ngakho lapho izinhlayiya ezingavamile zitholakala, zagcinwa ezindlini zokukhulekela zendawo.
Phakathi nenkathi yakudala yaseJapane, lezozinhlayiya kwakuthukela zithengwa noma zidayiswa. Kodwa ngo-1867 iNkosi yaseJapane uMeiji yaqala ukubusa futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho isimiso sakudala saphela. Kunalenguquko, abantu manje bamba futhi badayise lezinhlayiya ngokukhululeka. Imboni yaseKofu yalezinhlayiya yazalwa.
Ziyini Izinhlayiya Ezisangilazi?
Uprofesa Kenro Tsunoda waseYunivesithi yaseYamanashi uyaphendula: “Igama lesiNgisi elithi ‘crystal’ elisho izinhlayiya ezisangilazi lingabhekisela kunoma iyiphi into eqinile enama-atom ahlelekile aphindaphindekayo, anobukhulu obulingene. Amadayimane, amakhekheba eqhwa, ngisho nosawoti ovamile wasetafuleni kwakheke ngendlela efanayo nalezo zinhlayiya.”
Zavelaphi lezinhlayiya? Uprofesa Tsunoda uyaphendula: “Izinhlayiya zequartz zakhiwa isilicon neoxygen, okuyizinto ezimbili eziningi ekhekhebeni lomhlaba. Ngemva kokudalwa komhlaba, waphola, futhi izinto ezilula ezingamakhemikhali zenzeka ngaphezulu. Njengoba zaziqina, kwabumbeka uqweqwe olusatshe, oluwucwecwe. Nokho, izingcezu zedwala eziyizinhlayiyana ezishisayo ezivela ngaphakathi emhlabeni, kwakuzothi ngezikhathi ezithile zingene zijule kuloluqeqwe. Umphumela: intaba-mlilo. Ngezinye izikhathi lezingcezu zedwala zazizophumela ngaphandle ngokwanele ukuba zibangele indunduma ngaphansi koqweqwe lomhlaba.” Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, ukwenyuka njalo nokuphola kancane kancane kwezingcezu ezishisayo zedwala kwabangela inhlanganisela yazo kanye izinto ezidingekayo, amazinga okushisa, nokubanda, ukuze kwakheke izinhlayiya zequartz engenambala.
“Kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bazo nokwakheka,” kuqhubeka uprofesa, “lezinhlayiya ngaso sonke isikhathi zinezinhlangothi eziyisithupha. Indawo yazo engaphezulu ebushelelezi neyisicaba ihlangana kuma-engela angamadegree angu-60 futhi ifinyelele isicongo lé phezulu. Yebo, aziqinile njengedayimane, elakheka ekushiseni okukhulu kakhulu. Kodwa zinakho ukuqina okufinyelela ku-7 esikalini sikaMoh sokukala ukuqina, uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqina okufinyelela ku-9 kwamasapphire namarubi. Futhi lezinhlayiya zingaba zinkulu kakhulu.”
Ukusuka Kokumbiwayo Kuya Entweni Eyigugu
UMnu. Momose, ongumnini wenye yezindawo ezinkulu okwenziwa kuzo lezinhlayiya eKofu, uye wavuma ngomusa ukusibonisa indlela lezinhlayiya ezithathwa zingalolongekile ngayo bese zenziwa amagugu amahle. UMnu. Momose uthi, “eminyakeni edlule, izinhlayiya eziningi ezazisetshenziswa lapha zazimbiwa eJapane. Manje, ngenxa yezizathu ezingokomnotho, azisekho izimayini ezisebenzayo eJapane. Amathani angu-480 alezinhlayiya alandwa kwamanye amazwe unyaka ngamunye, alandwa ikakhulukazi eBrazil, namanye amatshe avela eAfrika, eNtshonalanga Jalimane, naseUnited States.”
Lamatshe asikwa ngembazo okuthiwa iCarborundum, njengoba nje usika isinkwa. Khona-ke imfolomani iphawula itshe lapho izosika khona etsheni ngalinye eliyigugu. Ukuze isike kalula, umakhi walamatshe unamathisela lamatshe ayigugu endukwini ende. Ngemva kwalokho, njengoba ewabeka etafuleni elijikajikayo, ngobuchwepheshe uwudluza lamatshe ngesandla. Angase asebenzise okokusika okusandilinga, okucwebezelayo, okuyiemerald, noma okunye okokusika okuhle. Ngemva kwalokho, amatshe ayapholishwa etafuleni elizungezayo. Itshe ngalinye selenziwe into eyigugu!
Ukubaluleka nobuhle kuyakhula lapho sekufakwe ezintweni zokuhloba ngumenzi wazo. Manje sivakashela umakhi wezinto zokuhloba okulendawo futhi sibone umbukiso okhangayo walamagugu. Siyaphawula ukuthi kungenziwa izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto ngalezinhlayiya: okokufaka ezimpahleni kwabesifazane (brooch), okufakwa emayembeni kwabesilisa, okokucindezela amaphepha ehhovisi, okokubamba othayi, nemigexo. Futhi odongeni kunemibukiso ekhangayo yeNtaba iFuji, izinyoni ezimibalabala, nenhlanzi edumile yaseJapane.
Abenzi bezinto zokuhloba basebenzisa igolide, iplatinum, igolide elimhlophe, noma isiliva ngezindlela ezibonakala zingenakuphela ekuboniseni ubuhle bemvelo balamatshe ayigugu. Futhi ukuhlanganisa lezinhlayiya namatshe ayigugu, anjengedayimane, kwandisa kakhulu ubuhle nokubaluleka kwazo. Kodwa izinhlayiyana zequartz ezifakwe ezintweni ezingakhangi kangako manje zisebenza njengezinti zamawashi, kumathelevishini, nemisakazo nakwezinye izinto zamaelectron. Futhi ubani owaziyo ukuthi esikhathini esizayo ziyosetshenziselwa ukwenzani? Nokho, okwamanje, sanelisekile ngokugqolozela ngokwazisa ubuhle bazo obukhangayo.
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 23]
Yamanashi Jewelry Museum
The Shakado Museum of Jomon Culture