Izihambi—Kungani Zifuduka?

“AKEKHO ongacabanga ngohlobo lwezingozi esibhekana nazo emazweni asathuthuka . . . futhi ubunzima esibhekana nabo lapha sizama nje ukuphumelela nokondla imikhaya yethu emuva ekhaya.” Washo kanjalo uElizabeth, umfuduki waseAfrika, ebhalela umhleli kamagazini iNational Geographic. Amazwi akhe aveza sona kanye isizathu esiyinhloko sokuba izigidi zabantu zizimisele ukushiya inkaba yazo ziyoqalisa ukuphila kabusha ezweni ezingalazi.

Yebo, umfuduki ngamunye unendaba yakhe siqu angayilandisa. Abanye, njengowesifazane okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, kungenzeka bafuduka ngenjongo yokubalekela izimo zokuphila ezinzima ezikhona emazweni abadabuka kuwo. Encwadini yakhe ethi Population, Migration, and Urbanization in Africa, uWilliam Hance uchaza ukuthi izici ezinjengezifo, ukuhlaselwa izinambuzane, ukukhathala komhlabathi, isomiso, izikhukhula, indlala, impi, nezingxabano zezinhlanga ziyizimbangela eziyinhloko zokufuduka okukhulu kwanamuhla eAfrika. Ezinye izingxenye zomhlaba ezinezimo ezifanayo ezinzima nazo ziye zaba izindawo abaningi abafuduka besuka kuzo.

Nokho, izazi zezenhlalo ziye zachaza isifiso sokubalekela izimo ezicindezelayo zokuphila njengesimane siyingxenye yesizathu somkhuba wanamuhla wokufuduka.

Umphumela Wokuxosha Nokukhanga

Ukudonsekela emazweni anikeza ithuba elingcono ekuphileni nakho kuyisisusa esinamandla sokuthutha. Lokhu, kanye nesifiso sokubalekela izimo ezimbi, kubangela lokho okubhekwa njengomphumela wokuxosha nokukhanga. Ukuhlupheka kwasendaweni kuthambekele ekuxosheni futhi izinzuzo ezitholakala kwamanye amazwe zithambekele ekudonseni, noma ekukhangeni, umuntu ukuba afuduke. Cabangela indaba kaNguyen Van Tue, umfuduki woqobo waseVietnam oseJapane. Nakuba ahlupheka kakhulu lapho ebhekana nokuba umfokazi, uNguyen uyavuma: “Nganelisekile. Ngihlala nomkhaya wami futhi siphila kahle ezweni elinenkululeko nelijabulela ukuthula.”

Ukukhanga kwezomnotho kungesinye sezici ezinamandla kakhulu esikhuthaza ukufuduka. Exoxa ngomphakathi wamaNtaliyane welinye idolobha laseNgilandi, umlobi uJohn Brown uthi encwadini yakhe iUn-melting Pot: “Umgomo wabo oyinhloko ngaso sonke isikhathi ubuwukwenza imali.” Unezela ngokuthi benza lokhu ngokusebenza “ngokuzikhandla nakahle.” Lapho umuntu ehlola umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazinga omholo wamazwe ahlukahlukene, akumangalisi ukuthi abantu bayafuduka. Ikhuluma ngezisebenzi zaseMexico eziseUnited States, iNational Geographic yembula ukuthi “ihora umuntu esebenza eningizimu yomngcele [weU.S.] liletha ingxenye yesihlanu kuya engxenyeni yeshumi yomholo eliwutholayo eUnited States.”

Ukudonswa Umkhaya Nabangane

Yebo, abaningi bathutha nje ukuze babe seduze nomkhaya nabangane abaye babandulela. Ngokwesibonelo, amaJuda amaningi aseSoviet aye afudukela kwaIsrael ngoba anomuzwa wokuthi maningi ngendlela ephephile lapho. Amanye ayezimisele ngisho nokuzifaka engozini oGwini Olusentshonalanga nelakwaIsrael olukhungethwe umbango.

Isikhuthazo esivela kubangane nezihlobo sithonya abaningi ukuba bafuduke. IAustralia iye yatuswa kwabaningi abafuna ukufuduka. Manje cishe amaphesenti angu-22 ezakhamuzi zayo azalelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Lapho evakashile evela eUnited States, omunye umfuduki waseBarbados watshela umngane wakhe: “Ucabanga ukuthi uyaphumelela lapha,” kodwa wagomela ngokuthi umngane wakhe “wayechitha . . . isikhathi” ngokusala esiqhingini. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, umngane wakhe uyavuma ukuthi lamazwi atshala imbewu yokunganeliseki, ekugcineni embangela ukuba afuduke.

Ngeshwa, ngokuvamile ingxenye enhle kuphela yendaba evezwa kofuna ukufuduka. URon, insizwa eyathuthela eCanada ibalekela ukubhikisha okwakuphakama eNingizimu Afrika: “Abangane nezihlobo basimze bakutshele zonke izinto ezinhle . . . futhi ngokuqondakalayo bangakutsheli izinto ezimbi.”

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyini isisusa sokufuduka, ngokuvame kakhulu isihambi sihlupheka kakhulu. Njengoba lokho okubizelwa ukuthutha bekuqonda ngokugcwele, abanye bafisa ngokunamandla ukubuyela ekhaya. Ngakho, umfokazi angazivumelanisa kanjani ngokuphumelelayo nendawo yakhe entsha ezungezile kuyilapho ebhekana nokukhumbula ekhaya, izibopho zomkhaya ezilimele, ukushaqiswa impucuko, ukwehluka kolimi, nezinye izinkinga eziningi ezinjalo?

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 6]

Ukukhanga kwezomnotho kungesinye sezici ezinamandla kakhulu zokufuduka

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 6]

“Nganelisekile. Nginomkhaya wami futhi siphila kahle ezweni elinenkululeko nelijabulela ukuthula.”—OwaseVietnam eJapane

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 7]

Lapho umuntu ehlola umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazinga omholo wamazwe ahlukahlukene, akumangalisi ukuthi abantu bayafuduka

[Isithombe ekhasini 7]

Kosanda kufuduka, konke kubonakala kungajwayelekile futhi kunzima