Ukubuka Okwezwe
Amagugu Anyamalalayo
Ngokombiko wophenyo kuyi-Moscow News, eminyakeni engu-12 edlule, iRussia iye yalahlekelwa amaphesenti angaba ngu-90 amagugu ayo ezobuciko, anjengemidwebo nezithombe. Ngo-1990, iziphathimandla zezamasiko zathola izinto zobuciko zesizwe, izinhlamvu zemali zegolide, nezinto ezingokwenkolo ezingabiza izindimbane zezimali. Nokho, lokho kwakuyiqhezwana nje kuphela—mhlawumbe amaphesenti asukela kwamabili kuya kwamahlanu—lazo zonke izimpahla ezakhwabaniswa. I-Moscow News ithi amaqembu akhwabanisayo angaba ngu-40, ahlelwa ikakhulukazi eJalimane nase-Italy, njengamanje asebenza kulelizwe. Ahlanza futhi avuselele izinto eziyigugu kakhulu bese ezithumela emazweni acebile ukuba ziyothengiswa.
Uxolelwe Ekugcineni
UPapa John Paul II uye wanikeza uGalileo “intethelelo enkulu.” Kuze kube manje, iSonto lamaKatolika belibheka lesazi sesayensi yezinto zemvelo esaziwayo “njengesalahlwa Ekuqulweni Kwamacala Ezihlubuki Okungcwele” ngo-1633 ngenxa yokugomela ngokuthi umhlaba uhamba uzungeze ilanga. Manje, ngemva kweminyaka engu-360, upapa ubefuna ukuyixazulula ngokuphelele lempikiswano ngenkulumo enesizotha phambi kwe-Papal Academy of Sciences. Kodwa ngokwephephandaba lase-Italy i-Corriere della Sera, ngisho nakulesenzakalo upapa akazange ayeke ukugcizelela ukuthi uGalileo wayenephutha okungenani ephuzwini elilodwa. Kubonakala sengathi lesazi sezinto zemvelo sakwenqaba “ukusikisela” kokuba sethule iziphetho zaso njengokucabangela kuze kube yilapho kuba khona “ubufakazi obungenakuphikiswa.”
Ukuphila Okusezingeni Eliphansi
AmaMushar aseNdiya “ebelokhu esezingeni eliphansi” emphakathini, kwasho i-India Today muva nje. Lomphakathi wabangathintwa, njengoba sibizwa kanjalo isizwe sawo, unabalinganiselwa ezigidini ezintathu, abaningi babo abahlala esifundazweni saseBihar. Ngokomunye umMushar oneminyaka engu-60, abaningi “abazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukusutha.” I-India Today ilichaza ngokucacile iqembu labantwana bamaMushar labo, bezingela ukudla emaphandleni, abafusa amagundane ngentuthu ukuze aphume emigodini yawo, bawashaye ngezagila, bawathose, bese bewadla. Lomagazini uchaza ukuthi ngolimi lwendawo, elithi “Mushar” lisho ukuthi “obamba amagundane.”
UbuSathane Bentsha
UbuSathane buthandwa ngokwandayo ezikoleni zaseGoli, eNingizimu Afrika. Ngokwephephandaba i-Star, esinye isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sithi siye selapha iningana labafundi abathonywe ubuSathane. Leziguli zakhuluma ngamaqembu angaphandle kwedolobha abhema izidakamizwa futhi azitika ngobulili nemicimbi yokufuna injabulo ngokulimaza ingqondo. Sithi, ngokungafani nabantu abagxile entweni eyodwa, “lezingane zibukeka zihlonipheka ngokuphelele.” Isikhulu samaphoyisa satshela i-Star ukuthi amaphoyisa ayawazi amaqembu obuSathane kulo lonke lelozwe. UbuSathane abenqatshelwe ngokomthetho, kodwa amaphoyisa athungatha ubugebengu obuhlobene nemikhuba yobusathane. Muva nje abophe intombazane eyeve eshumini elinambili nesoka layo ngenxa yokubulala owesifazane oneminyaka engu-38. Bobabili babehileleke ebuSathaneni, futhi batshela amaphoyisa ukuthi babulale ngaphansi kwethonya lamademoni.
Iziphepho Ezibangelwa Ukushisa Okubabazekayo
Ososayensi abaningi bakhathazeke ngokuthi iziphepho eziningi ezinkulu zamuva nje kungenzeka zibangelwa ukushisa okubabazekayo, okuwukushisa komoya okubangelwa ukungcolisa komuntu. Ngokukamagazini i-Newsweek, isilinganiso sezinga lokushisa elivamile esiphakeme ngama-degree ambalwa nje kuphela singase senze iziphepho ezinjalo zibe namandla kakhulu futhi zandise indawo yolwandle oluzibangelayo. Lomagazini uphawula ukuthi iSiphepho i-Andrew sango-1992, esaba nesilinganiso sika-5 esilinganisweni esilinganisa amandla esiphepho esigcina ku-5, sasingabizwa ngokuthi isiphepho esenzeka kanye ngemva kweminyaka eyikhulu ngoba ngokuvamile izinhlekelele ezinjalo zenzeka ngokwethukela ngaleyondlela. Kodwa iSiphepho i-Hugo sango-1989 saba nesilinganiso sika-4, futhi i-Gilbert yango-1988 nayo yaba nesilinganiso sika-5. Ngakho, i-Newsweek ifushanisa ukukhathazeka kososayensi abaningi ngalendlela: “Bheka i-Andrew; ungase ube ngaleyondlela umhlaba oshisa ngokubabazekayo.”
Inhlangano Yosizo Lwezimali Kobani?
Yini eyenzeka kuyo yonke imali eqoqelwa ukusiza abaswele unyaka ngamunye? Eningi yayo iya kulabo abayiqoqayo. Ngokokuhlola okuthile, ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezinhlangano eziyikhulu zokuqoqa imali yokusiza abaswele ezinkulu kunazo zonke e-United States, abaphathi babutha amaRandi angaphezu kuka-590 000 ngamunye ngeholo labo nezinzuzo ngonyaka odlule. Kubika kanjalo i-International Herald Tribune. Ngamunye walabaphathi abathathu wathola amaRandi angaphezu kuka-1 475 000. Lokhu kuhlola kwabangelwa ukuxoshwa kukamomgameli wenye inhlangano yokuqoqa izimali zokusiza abaswele, owabekwa icala lokuphatha kabi izimali nokuzisaphaza. Wayehola amaRandi angu-1 150 500 ngonyaka. Omlandelayo uhola amaRandi angu-575 250 “kuphela.”
Size Sihlukaniswe Isehlukaniso
Ngo-1991 imishado engaphezu kuka-130 000 yaphelela ezinkantolo zesehlukaniso zaseJalimane, kubika iphephandaba i-Allgemeine Zeitung. Ukuchitheka kwemishado sekuye kwavama kangangokuthi amakhadi anamazwi anjengathi “Siyakuhalalisela ngesehlukaniso sakho” noma “Siyakwamukela osukwini lokuqala lwezinsuku ezingcono kakhulu zokuphila kwakho” aye anda. Amaphesenti angaba yishumi emibhangqwana eshadayo eJalimane manje enza amalungiselelo esehlukaniso kusasele isikhathi eside ngaphambi komshado. Abhala izivumelwano ezishoyo ukuthi umngane womshado ngamunye uyotholani—indlu, noma ifenisha—lapho enza isehlukaniso. Kungani kunezehlukaniso eziningi kangaka? I-Allgemeine Zeitung iyaphawula: “Eminyakeni embalwa nje ngemva kokushada, amaphesenti angu-80 abesifazane akhononda ngokuthi abayeni bawo babonisa isithakazelo esincane kakhulu kubo. . . . Ukuhlola okwenziwa emibhangqwaneni engu-5 000 kwembula ukuthi ngokuvamile ixoxa imizuzu eyisishiyagalolunye nje kuphela ngosuku ngemva kweminyaka eyisithupha ishadile.”
Abazali Bayakhokha Ngenxa Yokwehluleka Ukuyala
Inkantolo ethile yaseTokyo, eJapane, muva nje inqume ukuthi abazali bamalungu amathathu asemasha eqembu lezithuthuthu kumelwe basize ekukhokheleni ubugebengu babantwana babo. Labafana babeshaye futhi bakhahlela ngokuphindaphindiwe indoda ethile esiswini ngemva kokuba ikhononde ngomsindo wezithuthuthu zabo. Lendoda yafa esikhathini esingangenyanga kamuva. I-Mainichi Daily News yacaphuna ijaji lithi, “Lobugebengu babuwukuqhutshekiselwa phambili kohlobo lokuphila lezinsizwa ezine ezaziluphila, zibaleka ngokuphindaphindiwe esikoleni, ziphuza, zibhema futhi zishayela izithuthuthu.” Lelijaji lathi “Nakuba belwazi kahle uhlobo lokuphila amadodana abo ayeluphila, abazali bamalungu aleliqembu abazange bawayale,” lase liyala labazali ukuba bakhokhe ingqikithi yamaRandi angu-2 065 000, (¥83 000 000) njengenhlawulo emkhayeni walendoda efile.
Ukungcola Nokufa Kwezinsana
Ukuhlola kwamuva eBrazil kuhlanganisa ukungcola nokufa kwabantwana basemadolobheni abaneminyaka emihlanu nangaphansi. Ngokwephephandaba i-Estado de S. Paulo, uPaulo H. N. Saldiva, umcwaningi osebenza ne-Faculty of Medicine yaseSão Paulo, uye wathola ukuthi noma nini lapho umoya une-nitrogen oxide eningi (isisi esikhishwa uwoyela ka-diesel ovuthayo, uphethiloli, notshwala), kuba nokwanda enanini labafayo ngenxa yezinkinga zokuphefumula. Ukwanda kwengxenye eyodwa nje kweziyishumi zalesisi kuleyo naleyo ngxenye eyodwa kweziyisigidi zomoya kusho ukufa kwabantwana abayisishiyagalombili abengeziwe isonto ngalinye eSão Paulo. Njengoba kuthinteka kakhulu abantwana abampofu nabangondlekile kahle, uSaldiva uyaphawula: “Labo abahlushwa ukungcola okubangelwa izimoto yilabo ngokucacile abangakujabuleli ukunethezeka imoto ekulethayo.”
Ukushumayela Emkhathini?
ISonto lamaKatolika lisacabanga ngenkinga yokushumayela emazweni amasha. Abahloli bezinkanyezi abangabaBhishobhi abahileleke ekufuneni izidalwa ezihlakaniphile eziphila emkhathini kakade sebeye bakucabangela ukusikisela okungokwenkolo kokuthola izidalwa ezinjalo. “Kubhapathizwe izidalwa zasemkhathini? Kungani zingenakubhapathizwa?” kubuza umJesuit uGeorge Coyne, umqondisi wezingqapheli zaseVatican e-Italy. “Uma ngolunye usuku siba nethuba lokuhlangana nazo, siyophoqeleleka ukuba siyicabangele lenkinga.” UCoyne ukubheka ngalendlela: “Okokuqala, kuyodingeka sibuze lezidalwa zasemkhathini imibuzo eminingana, enjengokuthi: ‘Ingabe wake waba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufana nokuka-Adamu no-Eva, okungukuthi, isono sokuqala?’ Bese ngokulandelayo: ‘Ingabe nawe uyamazi uJesu owanikhulula?’” Uma impendulo ingu-cha, khona-ke “ngokuqinisekile kuyophakama indaba yokushumayela kwakhe.”
Imishado Ehlala Isikhathi Eside, Ejabulayo
“Kuwumqondo oyisidala ukuthi: yenza yonke into ngokweMithetho Eyishumi futhi ngemva kwalokho uphile ngenjabulo,” kwakhononda isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uGary Schoener kumagazini wamuva nje i-Newsweek. Siyini isisusa sokugcona kwakhe? Ukwaziswa okusakazwe kabanzi okuvela ekuhlolweni kwabantu abacishe babe ngu-6 000 okubonisa ukuthi imibhangqwana esikhulile eshadile ijabula ngaphezu kwentsha engashadile eziphethe kabi ngokobulili. Okutholakele, uSchoener akulahla njengokwangaphambi komshado nokuqine kakhulu ngokokuziphatha, kubonisa ukuthi nakuba ukuvama kobuhlobo bobulili kwehla lapho umuntu ekhula ngeminyaka, abantu abajabula kakhulu abahlolwa kwakuyimibhangqwana esikhulile esathola abangane bayo bomshado “bekhanga kakhulu ngokomzimba” futhi esajabulela ukusondelana njalo. Okunye ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi labo abalawula isisindo sabo futhi abavivinya umzimba njalo bangase bahlale bephapheme ngokobulili eminyakeni yabo yobudala.
Usuku Lokuhlwithwa Luyadlula—Futhi
I-Mission for the Coming Days eKorea yabikezela ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ngo-October 28, 1992, kwakuyoba khona “ukuhlwithwa,” okunyusela amalungu athembekile esonto ezulwini. I-Korea Times yabika ukuthi izinkulungwane zabantu ezamukela lesiprofetho zashiya imisebenzi nemikhaya futhi zathengisa izimpahla zazo. Kubikwa ukuthi elinye ikholwa elikhulelwe lakhipha isisu ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi umntwana osakhula esiswini wayezolisinda phakathi nokunyuselwa kwalo ezulwini. Lolosuku lwafika futhi lwadlula kungenzekanga lutho, ngaphandle kokuthi abantu abambalwa abasontayo bashaya abefundisi babo, befuna ukwazi ukuthi kungani ukuhlwithwa kungafikanga. Nokho, umsunguli walelisonto wayesejele kakade. Wayeboshelwe ukudla izimali zesonto. I-Korea Times iyaphawula: “Enye yemali yakhe egciniwe yayihlanganisa imali ayikweletayo kuze kube u-May olandelayo, sekudlule izinyanga eziningi ngemva kosuku lwembubhiso alubikezela.”