Ukubuza Okwezwe
Amanzi Anikeza Ukuphila
Umagazini waseBrazil i-Claudia uthi ngaphandle kwamanzi, umuntu angafa ngemva nje kwamahora angu-48. Izazi zesayensi zilinganisela ukuthi amanzi akha amaphesenti angu-70 kuya kwangu-80 esisindo somzimba womuntu. Ngokuyinhloko amanzi aphakathi kwamangqamuzana. Amaphesenti amancane asoketshezini olungekho esithweni olugcwalisa isikhala esiphakathi kwamangqamuzana. Amanzi athwala amaprotheni, ama-hormone, amafutha, osawoti, kanye noshukela. Ngakho, ngaphandle kwamanzi, ngeke ziqhubeke izinqubo ezivamile ezenzeka ezintweni eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwe-Claudia, ukuntuleka kwamanzi kungalimaza ngokungathi sína amalungu futhi kwenze igazi lishube, okwenza inhliziyo ithwale umthwalo ongafanele; izinso zikhathale lapho zizama ukukhipha uketshezi olugcwele ushevu, okuphumela ekukhathaleni nasekungabini mnandi komzimba. Odokotela batusa ukuthi ngosuku kuphuzwe amalitha amabili kuya kwamathathu amanzi.
Amaphoyisa Esifazane
“USherlock Holmes olandelayo kungenzeka kube umuntu wesifazane,” kusho i-Asahi Evening News yaseJapane. Esikoleni esisha esiseTokyo, abafundi abangamakhulu amathathu baqeqeshelwa ukuba amaphoyisa, futhi abangaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu bangabantu besifazane, ikakhulukazi abaseminyakeni engu-20 kuya kwengu-40. Ukuba umseshi kubakhanga ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Umama wekhaya othile oneminyaka engu-46 kwabikwa ukuthi wabhalisa esikoleni ngenxa yokuthi “zazingamgculisi izifundo ezivamile ezifundisa owesifazane indlela yokuhlela izimbali nendlela yokugqoka kahle i-kimono.” Nokho, kwabanye lesifundo asiyona indlela yokuzilibazisa. Omama bamakhaya abangaphezu kwengxenye abakulesikole abazange babatshele abayeni babo. Abanye babo bafuna ukuzuza amakhono okuphenya abayeni babo abangathembekile.
Imithi Iyahlaselwa
Ukuhlolwa kwemithi emazweni angu-24 aseYurophu kwembula inkinga eya iba ngengathi sína. I-European ibika ukuthi umuthi owodwa kwemihlanu uye waphundleka amahlamvu awo ngendlela engavamile. Ngaphandle kwe-EC (European Community [Umphakathi WaseYurophu]), umonakalo omningi wenzeke eBulgaria, eCzech Republic, eSlovakia, naseLithuania. Phakathi e-EC, iFrance neSpain yizindawo zamahlathi aphila kahle kunawo wonke, kuyilapho lawo onakaliswe kakhulu eseBrithani. Ngo-1988 ingxenye eyodwa kwezine yemithi yakulelozwe yayibonakalisa izimpawu zokonakaliswa. Ngo-1991 engaphezu kwengxenye yayiphundleke amahlamvu ayo angamaphesenti angu-25 noma ngaphezulu. Nakuba imvula ene-acid isolwa kakhulu, izinkathi zehlobo eziba nesomiso ngokulandelana eBrithani ziye zanezela kulezinkinga zemithi.
I-Salmonella Iyanda
“EJalimane kunabantu abangenwa igciwane le-salmonella abasukela kwabangu-60 000 kuya kwabangu-100 000 unyaka ngamunye, okungenani abangu-200 kubo bagcina befile,” kubika umagazini ophuma kanye ngenyanga i-Kosmos. Lamanani akhishwa uProfesa Hans-Dieter Brede we-Georg-Speyer-Haus Chemotherapeutic Research Institute eFrankfurt. Eminyakeni yamuva lesifo siye sanda, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungabibikho kwenhlanzeko eyanele lapho izilwane zigcinwa khona noma zilungiswa khona. Amaqanda angavuthisisiwe kahle noma inkukhu enalesifo se-salmonella kuyimbangela evamile. “I-Salmonella [igciwane] ifa lapho isezingeni lokushisa elingengaphansi [kwama-degree Celsius angu-70],” kuchaza lomagazini.
Ukukhathala Kwezisebenzi
“Ukungaphathwa kahle kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokukhathala kwezisebenzi kanye nomkhiqizo ophansi,” kubika i-Toronto Star. Umphathi omubi “angalona lonke usuku lwakho, futhi aze aphazamise ngisho nokuphila kwakho siqu. . . . Ukuphathwa okubi cishe kwakubangela ukungasebenzi kahle emsebenzini ngaphezu kwezinkinga zomuntu siqu ezifana nokufa kwesihlobo esiseduze noma umshado ontengantengayo,” kusho i-Star. Kungabangela ukuba inkampane “ibe nezingozi ezengeziwe, ukuphutha emsebenzini kanye nezifo ezihlobene nokucindezeleka.” Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umqondisi omuhle uyakwazi ukuxoxa nokufaka ugqozi futhi angenza kube khona “izisebenzi ezinekhono ngokwengeziwe nezikhiqiza ngokwengeziwe.” Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuba abaphathi babeke imigomo ecacile futhi balungiselele izinto ezidingekayo zokwenza umsebenzi. Kufanele bangeneke, babe izilaleli ezinhle, bangakhethi, futhi bangesabi ukufunda okuthile ezisebenzini zabo.
Umkhuba Wokuxhaphaza
Cishe ingxenye yakho konke ukuhlaselwa ngokomzimba kwabesifazane abadala e-United States kwenziwa abayeni babo. Phakathi no-1991 “abesifazane abangaphezu kuka-700 000 abevile eminyakeni engu-50 ubudala babeshaywa abayeni babo,” ngokukamagazini i-New Choices for Retirement Living. Amadoda amaningi aseminyakeni eyevile kwengu-50, nengu-60, ngisho nengu-70 ashaya omkabo ngesilinganiso sezikhathi ezintathu noma ezine ngonyaka. “Sekuwumkhumba wokuphila kwasemshadweni,” kusho uRichard Gelles, umqondisi we-Family Violence Research Program eYunivesithi yaseRhode Island. Owesifazane owayelandisa ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe wathi: “Engangikuthola kukhungathekisa kakhulu kwakuwukuxhashazwa ngokwengqondo nangamazwi. Lokho kwakuyinhlalayenza.”
Ukubolekana Amacici—Ingozi Engokwempilo
“Amacici athintwe igazi awumthombo omkhulu wokungenwa amagciwane amaningi [kuhlanganisa] i-hepatitis B kanye negciwane elenza umzimba womuntu ungakwazi ukuzivikela ezifweni,” kusho uPhilip D. Walson noMichael T. Brady, odokotela baseYunivesithi yase-Ohio State nase-Children’s Hospital. Encwadini ababeyihlanganyele eyakhishwa ephephabhukwini lezokwelapha laseMelika i-Pediatrics, kwezwakaliswa ukukhathakazeka ngenxa yokwanda komkhuba wokubolekana amacici angahlanzwangwa ukuze kubulawe amagciwane. Intsha eyeve eshumini nambili kanye nentsha esikhulile ebolekana amacici kungenzeka iyaziqaphela izingozi zempilo ezihlobene nobuhlobo bobulili kanye nokubolekana imijovo yezidakamizwa—kodwa akunjalo ngalomkhuba. Labodokotela bobabili bathi lomkhuba “unamandla okudlulisela izifo ezithwalwa igazi.” Batusa ukuba odokotela “bazikhuze iziguli ukuba zingawenzi lomkhuba.”
Abantu BaseCanada Banenkinga Yokungakwazi Ukulala
Cishe umuntu omdala waseCanada oyedwa kwabane wayenezinkinga zokungakwazi ukulala ngo-1991, ngokokuhlolwa kwamuva kwemikhuba yomphakathi okwenziwa i-Statistics Canada. Ukucindezeleka kwakuyimbangela eyinhloko. I-Globe and Mail yaseToronto yathi “izinkinga zempilo ezibuhlungu” zazibangela izifo ezibangela ukungakwazi ukulala emaphesentini angu-44 alabo abahlolwa. Kwabesifazane abahlolwa, amaphesenti angu-28 ayenenkinga yokungakwazi ukulala. Kwakunamadoda angamaphesenti angu-19 kulawo ahlolwa. Omama abanesizungu, abampofu, abagugile, izisebenzi ezishintshashintsha izikhathi zokusebenza, kanye nalabo abafuna umsebenzi babenezinga eliphakeme ngokukhethekile lokungakwazi ukulala. UDkt. Jeffrey Lipsitz, we-Sleep Disorders Centre of Metropolitan Toronto, umtholampilo wakhe ohlola iziguli ezintsha ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ngonyaka, waphawula ukuthi lapho abantu bekhathazeka kakhulu ngokulahlekelwa umsebenzi noma imali, baqala ukungakwazi ukulala.
Abantu Abadla Imali Eyizinhlamvu
Unyaka ngamunye amashumi ezinkulungwane ezingane ezincane ayiswa emagunjini alabo abembulwa bembeswa esibhedlela ukuze enziwe ama-X ray abizayo ngemva kokugwinya imali ewuhlweza. Eningi yalemali ewuhlweza idlula ngokuphepha emzimbeni, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi imali iyabambeka emminzweni, ibangele ukophela ngaphakathi, ukungenwa igciwane lesifo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibangele ukufa lapho ibhoboza umminzo. Umshini ongesiyo inkimbinkimbi nolondekile okwazi ukubamba into esansimbi, ofana nalowo ngezinye izikhathi osetshenziswa abezokulondeka kwezikhumulo zezindiza, uye waklanywa ukuze odokotela bezifo zezingane bakwazi ukubona ngokuqondile ukuthi imali egwinyiwe ikuphi. UDkt. Simon Ros, umqondisi wokwelashwa kwezimo ezibucayi zezingane e-Illinois nongomunye wabathuthukisi bawo lomshini, uthi lomshini ungenza singabibikho isidingo sokuyisa egunjini labembulwa bembeswa, “lapho umsebenzi wokuxilonga ungabiza khona ngaphezu [kwamaRandi angu-900].” Lobuchwepheshe, okwakhulunywa ngabo kuyi-Journal of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency Care, cishe ngokushesha buzosetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yobuciko babo kanye nezindleko eziphansi.
Intsha Ekhathazekile
Ukuphakama kwenani labantu abazibulalayo eHong Kong kuye kwenza izikhulu “zashaqeka, zakhungatheka futhi zagcwala ukwesaba,” kubika i-Toronto Star. Izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-8 nengu-15 ubudala zizibulala ngokuziphonsa phansi zisuka ezakhiweni eziphakeme. Yini ekhathaza lentsha? Abanye basola isimiso semfundo. UThomas Mulvey, umqondisi we-Hong Kong Family Welfare Society, uthi: “EHong Kong, izikole ziye zachazwa ngokuthi ziwusongo lwempilo yengqondo ezinganeni, lokho ezikulindela kubafundi akunangqondo futhi azizicabangeli izidingo zabo.” Abazali nabo “benza impumelelo engokwemfundo ibe ebaluleke kakhulu” futhi “ababonisi ukuyikhathalela imizwa yezingane zabo,” kusho uMulvey. Izingane “zizizwa zilahliwe ngokwemizwelo, zinesizungu futhi zinganakiwe.” I-Star sibika ukuthi izikhulu zikahulumeni ziyaqiniseka ukuthi “umsuka wezinkinga eziningi usekhaya.”
Ukukhishwa Kwezisu EColombia
EColombia, cishe abesifazane abayisigidi nengxenye okungenani sebeye bakhipha isisu esisodwa. Lokho kulinganiselwa emaphesentini angu-20 abo bonke abesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala abantwana kulelozwe. Abesifazane abaningi bayafa ngenxa yezifo ezihlobene nokukhishwa kwezisu. Umagazini waseColombia i-Semana ubika ukuthi “e-Maternal-Infantile Institute yaseBogotá, ukukhipha izisu kubangela inani elikhulu lokufa komama.” Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izisu ezingu-400 000 ziyakhishwa minyaka yonke eColombia. Leso isilinganiso sokukhishwa kwezisu ezicishe zibe ngu-45 ngehora.
Ukuzijabulisa Okuyingozi
“Imboni yaseHollywood ekhiqiza inqwaba yamafilimu agcwele inhlamba, ubunqunu, ubulili, ubudlova kanye nokubulala kufanele izizwe inamahloni.” Lamazwi ayeyingxenye yesimemezelo sokukhangisa esasigcwele ikhasi esakhishwa muva nje ephephandabeni i-USA Today. Ngokwalesimemezelo, esinye isiteshi esikhulu seTV siye savumela uhlelo “oluthandwa kakhulu yintsha ukuba lufake izigcawu zokushaya indlwabu, abangcwabi beba nobuhlobo bobulili nabantu abafile,” kanye nezinye izinto ezinengekayo. Lesimemezelo sanezela ukuthi ngokubuka izinhlelo zeTV ezinjalo, “ingane evamile eneminyaka engu-16 [iye] yabona izenzo zobudlova ezingaphezu kuka-200 000 kanye nokubulala okungu-33 000.”