Ukubuka Okwezwe

Kufuneka Ubuholi Obungcono

Abantu kuwo wonke umhlaba sebeqala ukubacasukela abaholi babo. I-Wall Street Journal ithi: “Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi kungenzeka iqembu lamanje labaholi bezwe liyehluleka ukwenza umsebenzi walo.” Owayengumongameli waseFrance uValéry Giscard d’Estaing uthi: “Sibona usizi lokubusa ngentando yeningi kwamanxusa.” Kungani kunokunganeliseki komphakathi okwandayo? Kungenxa yokuthi abantu “bacasulwa abaholi ababonakala behluleka esikhathini lapho izinkinga ababhekene nazo zizinkulu kakhulu,” kuphendula i-Journal. Yanezela: “Kuyabanenga ukuthola ukunqikaza nokonakala lapho befuna isiqondiso. Futhi akubona nje abaholi bezombangazwe ngabanye abayizisulu zokukhungatheka komphakathi: Ezindaweni ezinjengeJapane ne-Italy, sonke isimiso sezombangazwe siyangatshazwa.” Nakuba ohulumeni bengathandeki ezikhathini ezinzima ngokomnotho, “lesisimo siyingqayizivele ngoba sigadla ezindaweni eziningi kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ngenxa yokuthi asithinti kuphela abaphethe izikhundla kodwa futhi namaqembu aphikisayo.” UMnu. Giscard d’Estaing uthi, ukubuyisela umuzwa wethemba elihle kuyodinga okungaphezu kokusimama kwezomnotho. “Imiphakathi yethu idinga ukuba nombono wesikhathi esizayo.”

OFakazi BakaJehova Baqashelwa Ngokomthetho EMexico

Ngo-May 7, oFakazi BakaJehova baqashelwa ngokomthetho njengenkolo eMexico. Incwadi eqinisekisa lokhu kuqashelwa bayinikezwa iPhini Likanobhala we-Government Interior Department ngo-May 31. Kanjalo kwathathwa esinye isinyathelo sentuthuko eya enkululekweni engokwenkolo eMexico. Kwakungo-April 1, 1989, lapho oFakazi BakaJehova bakwazi khona okokuqala ukuthandaza ngenkululeko emihlanganweni yabo yebandla futhi basebenzise iBhayibheli enkonzweni yabo yendlu ngendlu. KunoFakazi abangaphezu kuka-370 000 eMexico. Uhulumeni waseMexico washintsha imithetho yakhe ngonyaka odlule futhi waqala ukunikeza izinhlangano ezingokwenkolo kulelizwe ukuqashelwa okungokomthetho.

Amalungelo Abantu Awasizi Ngalutho

I-Center for Human Rights ye-UN eGeneva, eSwitzerland, ilinganisela ukuthi “ingxenye yesintu iyizisulu zokwephulwa okungathi sína kwamalungelo abantu,” kubika iphephandaba laseJalimane i-Süddeutsche Zeitung. Lokhu kwephulwa kwamalungelo kusukela ekuhlukunyezweni, ukudlwengulwa, nokugqilazwa ngempoqo, indlala, nokuxhashazwa kwezingane. Lesisikhungo silinganisela ukuthi izingane eziphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-150 nezingu-200 ziphoqelelwa ukuba zenze umsebenzi okhandlayo emazweni angaphezu kuka-50. Ngaphezu kwalokho izigidi zabantu ziyizisulu zokubandlululwa kobuhlanga nenzondo eboniswa kubantu bakwamanye amazwe. UMnu. Ibrahime Fall, owumphathi walesisikhungo uthi: “Esimweni lapho kunobumpofu nokuphucwa amalungelo, amalungelo abantu awasizi ngalutho. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi siye sathumela umuntu enyangeni, kodwa izwe esiphila kulona lisenobunzima, liyingozi, futhi ngokuvamile liyabulala.”

Ubufebe Bezingane Buyasakazeka

“Odokotela, amaphoyisa nezisebenzi zezenhlalakahle . . . babika ukuthi izingane nentsha bafuneka ngokwandayo njengezifebe ngoba amakhasimende ababheka ‘njengabalondeke kakhudlwana’ futhi cishe abangenayo ingculaza,” kusho i-International Herald Tribune yaseParis. Emhlanganweni wamuva nje we-UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) ophathelene “nokuthengiswa kobulili namalungelo abantu” owabanjelwa eBrussels, eBelgium, ochwepheshe baqinisekisa ukuthi amakhasimende azimisele ukukhokha imali eshisiwe ukuze athole izingane ezibhekwa njengezimsulwa. Nakuba beqaphela ukuthi ubhadane lwembulunga yonke lwengculaza luyisici esiyinhloko, labochwepheshe baveza futhi ukuthi izici eziningi zebhizinisi elicebisanayo ngempela lobulili “ziye zakwenza kwamukeleka ukuthengiswa nokuthengwa obala kobulili futhi ziye zasusa ukuvinjelwa kokuxhashazwa ngokobulili kwezingane.” Ukuhlola kwe-UNESCO kubonisa ukuthi lenkinga idlange ikakhulukazi eBenin, eBrazil, eColombia, eThailand, nasePhilippines. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izifebe zesifazane zaseThailand ezingu-800 000 kweziyizigidi ezimbili ziyizingane nentsha, futhi kuthiwa abafana abangaphezu kuka-10 000 abaneminyaka esukela kweyisithupha kuya kwengu-14 basebenza njengezifebe eSri Lanka.

Ukukhandleka Kukamama Wekhaya

“Ukhandleka njengomsubathi webanga elide . . . kodwa akatholi ngisho nokwaneliseka kokunikezwa imendlela,” kusho iphephandaba lansuku zonke lase-Italy i-Messaggero lapho likhuluma ngomama wekhaya ovamile. Ukucwaninga okwenziwa yi-Rome Institute for Sports Sciences kubonisa ukuthi amandla asetshenziswa umama wekhaya ovamile emsebenzini wakhe wasendlini (ama-kilojoule angaphezu kuka-800 ngehora) “alingana nasetshenziswa emidlalweni eminingana.” Nakuba eminye imidlalo idinga ama-kilojoule amaningi kakhulu, lesibalo siba nengqondo kakhulu “lapho ucabangela ukuthi umsebenzi kamama wekhaya wenziwa amahora angaba yisishiyagalombili nsuku zonke.” Umsubathi webanga elifushane ophambili uMarisa Masullo uyavuma: “Ngikhathala kakhulu uma ngisebenza ekhaya ukwedlula lapho ngizivivinya.”

Iplanethi Yamanzi

Uma abengasakazwa ngokulinganayo phezu kobuso baleplanethi, amanzi omhlaba abengaba ulwandle lwembulunga yonke olujule ngamakhilomitha angu-2,5, kusho umagazini i-People & the Planet. Eqinisweni, bonke ubuso bomhlaba bungalingana enkabeni yoLwandlekazi iPacific futhi kusale indawo enkulu. Nokho, kuyo yonke imithombo emikhulu yamanzi omhlaba, amaphesenti amathathu kuphela ahlanzekile, angenawo usawoti. Futhi iphesenti elilodwa kuphela lamanzi aleplanethi abantu abakwaziyo ukulithola kalula. Wonke amanye avaleleke ezinguzungeni zeqhwa nasezintabeni zeqhwa noma angaphansi komhlaba. Nakuba kunjalo, lelophesenti elilodwa lanele ukuba londle inani labantu basemhlabeni eliphindwe kabili noma kathathu. “Ngeshwa,” lomagazini uyakhononda, “amanzi ahlanzekile awatholakali kubo bonke ngokulinganayo futhi ayasaphazwa yonke indawo.” Ngenxa yalokho, ngokokunye ukulinganisela, izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili zabantu basemhlabeni ziphila ezindaweni lapho amanzi eyivelakancane ngendlela ebucayi.

Ukuphila Kwemfucumfucu Isikhathi Eside

Kuthatha isikhathi eside kangakanani ukuba imfucumfucu evamile ibole? Ngokwezibalo ezakhishwa yiphephabhuku lase-Italy eliphuma njalo ngezikhathi ezithile i-Focus, kuthatha izinyanga ezisukela kwezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha ukuba amaphepha okusula noma imfucumfucu yemifino ibole, unyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili ngezihloko zikasikilidi ezinesisefo, iminyaka emihlanu ngoshungamu, neminyaka ephakathi kweyishumi neyikhulu ngamathini e-aluminum. Kodwa ezinye izinto zepulasitiki “zihlala zinjalo amakhulu eminyaka . . . Azincibilikiswa amanzi . . . , futhi azikho izilwanyana ezincane ezizidlayo.” I-polystyrene, ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukupakisha izimpahla nezitsha zokuphatha ukudla neziphuzo, mhlawumbe iyoqala ukubola eminyakeni engaba yinkulungwane, futhi kumelwe kudlule iminyaka engu-4 000 ngaphambi kokuba amabhodlela ayizingilazi abuyele endaweni yawo emjikelezweni ongokwemvelo.

Izimbobo Zamazinyo Ziyathelelwana

“Ukubola kwamazinyo kuyathelelwana.” Usho kanjalo umbiko womnyango wezindaba i-Agence France-Presse ngokuhlola okwenziwa yisikole samazinyo saseSwitzerland ne-World Health Organization. Ukucwaninga kwazo kubonisa ukuthi ama-Streptococcus mutan, amagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo, ngokuvamile adluliselwa esuka emlonyeni welinye ilungu lomkhaya aye kwelinye, njengalapho abazali behlanganyela isipuni nengane yabo noma bezwa ukuthi ibhodlela lomntwana linambitheka kanjani ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuncela. Lengozi yanda ngokuvumelana nenani lamagciwane akhona ematheni omuntu. Lamagciwane, aguqula ushukela ube i-acid ehlasela amazinyo, abonakala anda kakhulu emilonyeni yezingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kowodwa nemine—lapho amazinyo ezingane evulekele kakhulukazi ekuboleni kwamazinyo.

Izigqoko Zabagibeli Bamabhayisekili

Gqoka isigqoko esivikela ikhanda! Lesi iseluleko i-WHO (World Health Organization) esinikeza abagibeli bamabhayisekili. Nakuba izigqoko ezivikelayo zinciphisa izingozi zekhanda ngamaphesenti angu-75, i-Australia iwukuphela kwezwe manje elifuna ukuba abagibeli bamabhayisekili bazigqoke. E-United States, ukufa kwabantu ababili kwabathathu abagibela amabhayisekili kubangelwa ukulimala ikhanda nobuchopho, futhi intsha ephakathi kweminyaka eyisithupha nengu-14 isengozini enkulu kakhulu. I-WHO iyakhononda: “Ukwenqena [ukugqoka izigqoko sokuvikela] okuboniswa abanye abagibeli bamabhayisekili kunzima ukukuqonda, uma sicabangela ukuthi akasekho ophikayo ukuthi abagibeli bezithuthuthu bavikelwa ngokuphumelelayo yizigqoko zokuvikela.”

Izibungwana Zothuli

“Akekho owaziyo ngempela ukuthi zifika kanjani lapho, kodwa izibungwana zothuli zasendlini zihlala cishe kuwo wonke amakhaya,” kuphawula umagazini i-Science News. Njengoba zingabonakali ngeso lomuntu, lezizibungwana zidla izingcwecwe zesikhumba eziphuma kubantu njalo. Lezizidalwa zingatholakala ezingutsheni zokulala, kokhaphethi, nasefenisheni embozwe ngesikhumba noma indwangu. Ziba ziningi kangakanani? Abacwaningi ababephethe umshini wokuhlanza ukhaphethi nesibonakhulu bahlola loluthuli ezindlini ezimbili ezinalo. Kwelinye ikhaya usofa wakhipha izibungwana ezingu-7 454 kulelo nalelogremu lothuli, kanye nezinye izibungwana ezingu-2 361 kulelo nalelogremu kukhaphethi ongaphansi kukasofa.

Kubi Kune-Black Death

“EYurophu yekhulu le-14, i-Black Death yabulala abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-25, noma umuntu oyedwa kwabane,” kusho umagazini i-American Health. “Ukwaziswa kwamuva kubonisa ukuthi uma abantu beqhubeka nokubhema ngezinga abenza ngalo manje, ugwayi uyobulala abantu abaningi ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi: okungenani abayizigidi ezingu-250, noma umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu manje abahlala emazweni athuthukile.” Lokhu kwaziswa okusha, okusekelwe ekuhlolweni okukhulu kwabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi, kwabonisa ukuthi ukubhema kuyingozi ngisho nangaphezu kwendlela okwakucatshangwa ngayo ngaphambili. “Sasikholelwa ukuthi cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabane ababhemayo ubulawa yilomkhuba,” kusho uDkt. Richard Peto, onguprofesa eYunivesithi yaseNgilandi i-Oxford. “Kodwa manje siyazi ukuthi okungenani ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu—futhi cishe okungaphezulu kakhulu kunalokhu—yabo bonke abantu ababhemayo ibulawa yikho. Umphumela wokubhema endleleni abantu abafa ngayo ezweni ulidlula kude kakhulu ithonya lanoma yisiphi esinye isici.” Kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-250 okulindeleke ukuba bafe, abangaphezu kwengxenye bayobe bengabantu abaneminyaka esukela kwengu-35 kuya kwengu-69, abayobe benciphise ukuphila kwabo ngesilinganiso seminyaka engu-23 ngenxa yokubhema.