Izimo Zengqondo Ezishintshayo Ziphakamisa Imibuzo Emisha?
“INGUQUKO ENGOKOBULILI,” “ukuqhuma kwenkanuko yobulili,” “inguquko yokuziphatha.” Amagama anjalo amemezela ukushintsha kwezimo zengqondo ngokuziphatha okungokobulili, ikakhulukazi maphakathi nawo-1960 nangemva kwalokho. Abaningi basebenzisa isiqubulo esithi “ubulili obungenazibopho,” esasiphawula indlela yokuphila yabantu abenqaba umshado nobumsulwa.
Umbono womlobi u-Ernest Hemingway othi, “Lokho okuwukuziphatha okuhle yilokho okukujabulisayo kamuva, kanti okuwukuziphatha okubi yilokho ozisolayo ngakho kamuva,” usifingqa kahle isimo sengqondo salabo ababanjwe izithembiso zenkululeko engokobulili nokwaneliseka. Ukwamukelwa kwalombono kwakhuthaza ukuba nobuhlobo besikhashana obungokobulili nabantu abaningana lapho abantu ngabanye, abesilisa nabesifazane, bazitika khona ngezifiso zabo ezingokobulili. “Ukwaneliseka” ngokobulili kwakungenamingcele. Iphilisi lokuvimbela inzalo, elenziwa ngalo lelo shumi leminyaka, lanezela ekwandeni kokuzitika ngokobulili okungenakuzithiba.
Nokho, ingculaza nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngobulili zaba ifa lalendlela yokuphila okuxekethile. Izimo zengqondo zobulili zesizukulwane esinokuziphatha okuxekethile zazanyazanyiswa. Eminyakeni ethile edlule, umagazini i-Time waveza isihloko esikhulu esithi “Ubulili Eminyakeni Yawo-1980—Inkathi Yenguquko Isiphelile.” Lesi simemezelo sasisekelwe ngokuyinhloko ekudlangeni kwezifo ezithathelwana ngobulili ezazihlasele amaMelika amaningi. Namuhla, ingqikithi yabantu abanengculaza emhlabeni wonke isifinyelele enanini elishaqisayo lezigidi ezingaba ngu-30!
Ukwesatshwa kwezifo ezithathelwana ngobulili kwabangela olunye ushintsho esimweni sengqondo sabaningi ngokuphathelene nokuba nobuhlobo besikhashana obungokobulili. Umagazini wezokuzijabulisa ka-1992, i-US, owawubika ngokuhlola kukahulumeni, wathi: “Abesifazane abangashadile abangaba izigidi ezingu-6,8 baye bashintsha ukuziphatha kwabo okungokobulili ngenxa yengculaza nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngobulili.” Ngokwalesi sihloko, isigijimi sisobala: “Ubulili abuwona umdlalo. Uma uhlanganyela kubo uzifaka wena engozini.”
Lamashumi eminyaka anesiyaluyalu aye azithinta kanjani izimo zengqondo ngokuphathelene nobuhlobo obungokobulili? Ingabe kukhona okuye kwafundwa ekuyekeleleni okuphawuleka ngobulili obungenazibopho emashumini eminyaka amuva nje nasemaqinisweni asangulukisayo ezifo ezithathelwana ngobulili eminyakeni yawo-1980? Ingabe ukusungulwa kwezifundo zobulili ezikoleni zomphakathi kuye kwasiza izinsizwa nezintombi ukuba zibhekane ngokuphumelelayo nokuziphatha kwazo ngokobulili? Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokubhekana nenselele yezimo zengqondo zanamuhla ezishintshayo ngokuphathelene nobulili?