Lokho Okufanele Ukwazi—Ngezinhlungu Ezibangelwa Ukukhandleka

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! EBRAZIL

UMARCELO, umpendi wezindlu oneminyaka engu-24 ubudala ohlala eBrazil, cishe wayenza lokhu njalo ekuseni enganakile. Wayebeka iwashi lakhe esihlakaleni abese ebopha ibhande. Kodwa kulokhu wahluleka ukubopha ibhande. Ngakho wabheka isihlakala sakhe futhi wayibona inkinga. Sasivuvukele kangangokuba ibhande lewashi lalingasabopheki.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho nokubamba ikamu noma isixubho kwakwenza isandla sakhe sibe buhlungu. Ngakho uMarcelo waya kudokotela. Ngemva kokuhlola uMarcelo nokuthola ukuthi ubekhuhla, epulasitela futhi ependa izindonga iminyaka emibili, udokotela wathi kuye: “Ubuhlungu obuzwayo bubangelwa umsebenzi wakho. Unobuhlungu obubangelwa ukukhandleka [RSI (repetitive strain injury)].”

Ingabe Isifo Esisha?

Izisebenzi eziningi zasemafektri nasemahhovisi kutholakala ukuthi zinenkinga efanayo nekaMarcelo. I-RSI isakazeka ngokushesha kangangokuba iphephandaba i-Folha de S. Paulo sayibiza ngokuthi “isifo esiphambili esihlobene nokusebenza ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka.” Yingakho abantu abaningi beye baphetha ngokuthi kumelwe ukuba i-RSI ingenye yalezo zifo zesimanje! Ingabe kunjalo?

Empeleni, ukube uMarcelo wayephila eYurophu ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, udokotela wayeyozibona izimpawu zakhe. Yiqiniso, le nkinga yayingaziwa ngegama elifanayo ngaleso sikhathi. Udokotela ongumNtaliyane uBernardino Ramazzini wachaza le nkinga ngokuthi i-wrist tenosynovitis (ukuvuvukala kwemisipha nolwelwesi oluzungezile) futhi wayibiza ngokuthi isifo “sababhali nomabhalane.” Ukunyakaza kwezandla okwakuhilelekile kuleyo misebenzi kwakwenze omabhalane bangenwa yi-RSI yekhulu le-18. Ngasekupheleni kwalelo khulu leminyaka, inani lezisebenzi ezazine-RSI lancipha. Ngani?

Ukudamba Nokuqubuka Kwe-RSI

Omabhalane bangesikhathi sikaRamazzini babephila enkathini yangaphambi kokwanda kwezimboni. Ngalezo zinsuku, abantu babesebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kosizo lwemishini. Umsebenzi wabo wawubenza bahlale benyakaza futhi bagxilise ingqondo njalo. Lokhu kwabangela izifo ezinjenge-RSI.

Nokho, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 elaseYurophu lase lingene enkathini yezimboni futhi imishini yathathela abantu indawo. Manje umuntu wayesengumqondisi esebenzisa umshini ekwenzeni imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo. Udokotela owafunda umlando we-RSI uphetha ngokuthi lolo shintsho kungenzeka lwenza ukuba zinciphe izisebenzi ezine-RSI.

Yiqiniso, phakathi nenkathi yezimboni, izingozi zasemsebenzini zanda futhi ukugula ngenxa yezimo zomsebenzi kwanda phakathi kwezisebenzi zasemafektri. Noma kunjalo, izincwadi zezempilo zangaleyo nkathi zikhuluma nge-RSI emaqenjini abantu abathile kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, abadlali bopiyano nabe-violin bekhulu le-19 babevuvukala imisipha yezingalo, nabadlali bebhola lomphebezo babevuvukala imisipha yezindololwane.

Nokho, ekhulwini lethu leminyaka, isibuye ngezinkani i-RSI ebangelwa ukukhandleka emsebenzini. Kungani? Phakathi kokunye, kungenxa yokuthi imishini enekhono isitshela umuntu ukuthi yini okumelwe ayenze nokuthi kumelwe ayenze ngokushesha kangakanani. Le ngwijikhwebu iye yabangela ukunganeliswa kwezisebenzi nezinkinga zempilo. Abantu basebenza amahora amaningi emisebenzini ebaphoqelela ukuba baphindaphinde izinto abazenzayo futhi bagxilise ingqondo njalo. Uye waba yini umphumela? Manje i-RSI isiyinkinga yezempilo ebangela ukugula kwesigamu sezisebenzi zase-United States naseBrazil—uma sibala amazwe amibili kuphela.

Izimbangela Zayo, Nemikhakha Yemisebenzi Ethintekayo

Imbangela enkulu ye-RSI ukunyakaza njalo okusheshayo okudingeka emisebenzini eminingi. Ngokudabukisayo, izisebenzi azinakuzikhethela ngaphandle kokubambelela emisebenzini engase ilimaze impilo yazo. Izisebenzi eziningi zingazwelana nowesifazane waseBrazil owayesebenza embonini yezimoto futhi kudingeka ahlanganise umsakazo ngamunye ngesikhathi esingaphansi komzuzu owodwa. Iphephandaba i-Folha de S. Paulo libika ukuthi esinye isisebenzi kwakumelwe sihlole imishini esetshenziswa endlini engu-63 ngehora ngokuyishayashaya ngesando senjoloba. Laba besifazane bobabili baqala ukuba nezingalo ezibuhlungu futhi kamuva badilizwa emsebenzini ngenxa yokukhubazeka okwabangelwa yi-RSI.

Ukukhandla imisipha namalunga akho (mhlawumbe ngokuthwala amasaka asindayo) nokuzama ukuzimelela (okuwukuthi, ukuqinisa imisipha ukuze umzimba ume unganyakazi) nakho kuyizimbangela ze-RSI. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukulimala ikakhulukazi uma umuntu esebenza enganethezekile.

Abacwaningi bathi abanye abantu abangaphathwa yi-RSI abantu abasebenza ngensimbi, omabhalane basebhange, ababhala ngomshini, abaphendula izingcingo, abashaya umshini esitolo, oweta, abapendayo, abahlanganisa amathoyizi, abathungi, abalungisa izinwele, abanithayo, abagawula umoba neminye imisebenzi yezandla.

Ayibangelwa Ukunyakaza Nje Kuphela

Nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi i-RSI ibangelwa umsebenzi odinga ukuba uphindaphinde into efanayo, ochwepheshe ababekhona kuyi-First National Seminar on RSI, eyayiseBrasília, inhloko-dolobha yaseBrazil, bagcizelela ukuthi kuhileleke okungaphezu kokunyakaza njalo.

UDkt. Wanderley Codo, isazi sempilo yengqondo nomxhumanisi wezemisebenzi e-University of Brasília, wachaza: “Indlela umsebenzi ohlelwe ngayo—izabelo, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabaphathi nezisebenzi, isimo sangempela sebhizinisi, izinga lokuhlanganyela kwezisebenzi, nenqubo yomsebenzi—kungesinye sezici ezibangela lesi sifo.”

Abanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ababekhona kule ngqungquthela ye-RSI nabo bagcizelela ukuhlobana kwalesi sifo nokuhlelwa kwendawo yomsebenzi. Bathi esinye isici esibi sezinto zobuchwepheshe ezintsha siwukuthi ziye zenza umsebenzi wahleleka ngendlela isisebenzi esingenakukwazi ukuyilawula—nakho okuyisici esibangela i-RSI.

Abanye ochwepheshe baphetha ngokuthi njengoba indlela umsebenzi ohlelwe futhi owenziwa ngayo ihlobene eduze ne-RSI, ezinye izisebenzi emashumini eminyaka adlule zazikwazi ukwenza izinto eziphindaphindwayo ezifanayo ngaphandle kokungenwa yi-RSI.

Ukubona Inkinga

Khumbula ukuthi i-RSI ayisona nje isifo esisodwa kodwa iyinhlanganisela yezifo. Zonke izifo ezikuleli qembu zithinta imisipha, namalungu, ikakhulukazi ezingalweni. Njengoba i-RSI iyinhlanganisela yezifo, ivela ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Izimpawu zingase zingabonakali kahle, futhi ubudlelwane phakathi kwezimbangela nezimpawu bungase bungabonakali ngokushesha. Cabangela izimpawu ezilandelayo eziyinhloko.

Olunye uphawu luwukusinda kwengxenye yomzimba ethintekile (ngokwesibonelo, ehlombe noma engalweni) okubangela ubuhlungu obungapheli, obuhlabayo. Futhi kungase kube namaqhubu amancane ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Lapho i-RSI isiyimbi, ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu kungaba kukhulu kangangokuba umuntu angabe esakwazi ukwenza izinto ezilula njengokukama izinwele nokuxubha amazinyo. Uma iyekwa ingelashwa, i-RSI ingabangela ngisho nokukhubazeka.

Ukulwa Ne-RSI

Uma umsebenzi owenzayo manje uwukuphindaphinda izinto ezifanayo futhi kakade usuqaphela izimpawu ze-RSI, kufanele ucele usizo emnyangweni wezokwelapha wenkampani oyisebenzelayo. Uma lokho kungenakwenzeka, ungase uye emthola-mpilo lapho udokotela wamathambo engahlola khona inkinga yakho abese ethatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokukusiza. Amathuba okululama ayoba mahle kakhulu uma unaka izimpawu ze-RSI lapho nje zisaqala.

Enye indlela ebalulekile yokulwa ne-RSI iwukucabangela i-ergonomics. Iyini i-ergonomics? Leli gama lichazwa ngokuthi “isayensi ephathelene nokuklama nokuhlela izinto abantu abazisebenzisayo ukuze bazisebenzise kahle nangokuphepha.”

Ngakho, i-ergonomics iphathelene nokwenza indawo yomsebenzi ivumelane nomuntu, futhi nomuntu avumelane nendawo yomsebenzi. Nokho, idlulela ngalé kokuthuthukisa indlela i-keyboard noma isando esiklanywe ngayo. Ihlanganisa nokucabangela izidingo ezingokwengqondo nezingokomzwelo zesisebenzi. Isazi se-ergonomics, uDkt. Ingeborg Sell, sithi ukuze kwenziwe lokho, i-ergonomics “isebenzisa imininingwane, ukwaziswa, nolwazi oluvela kuyo yonke imikhakha ehlolwayo [futhi] izame ukufinyelela ulwazi olusha nolubanzi ngokuphathelene nomuntu nomsebenzi awenzayo.”

Yiqiniso, izisebenzi eziningi zingase zingakwazi ukushintsha isimo sendawo yomsebenzi. Kodwa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ababesengqungqutheleni ye-RSI eBrasília bachaza ukuthi akunjalo lapho izisebenzi “zihlanganyela kuyi-ergonomics.” Kukhulunywa ngani uma kukukhulunywa ngokuhlanganyela kuyi-ergonomics?

Umqashi okhuthaza ukuhlanganyela kuyi-ergonomics endaweni yomsebenzi ulalela umbono wesisebenzi. Ucela isisebenzi ukuba sihlanganyele ekunqumeni indlela okungathuthukiswa ngayo indawo yaso yomsebenzi. Umqashi onjalo uyokujabulela nokuba khona kwekomiti ye-RSI eyakhiwa izisebenzi nabaphathi. Leli qembu liyocophelela ukugcina isimo sokusebenzela esiphephile nesifanele emsebenzini. Lisingatha izimbangela ze-RSI, likhuthaze izindlela zokuyivimbela, futhi lichaze ukuthi yimiphi imithwalo yemfanelo yomqashi nezisebenzi ekuqondiseni noma ngisho nasekuqedeni i-RSI kuleyo nkampani.

Ukuyivimbela Ekhaya Nasemsebenzini

Ukuvimbela i-RSI kuqala ekhaya. Yini ongayenza? Lapho uvuka, lingisa inja noma ikati lakho. Qaphela indlela isilwane sakho esizilula ngayo ngaphambi kokuqala iminako yosuku olusha. Yenza okufanayo. Futhi phinda uzilule kaningana phakathi nosuku. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze amathambo nemisipha yakho kuhlale kunempilo. Vivinya umzimba ukuze uthambise imisipha yakho. Lokhu kuyothuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni futhi kwandise umoya-mpilo odingwa imisipha yakho ukuze isebenze. Empeleni, lapho kumakhaza nangaphambi kokuhlanganyela emidlalweni, ukwenza lokhu kubaluleke ngisho nakakhulu. Vivinya umzimba ngendlela ezoqinisa imisipha oyisebenzisa kakhulu. Imisipha enamandla iyokusiza ukuba wenze imisebenzi edingekayo emsebenzini.

Ngaphandle kokwenza lokhu ekhaya, kukhona nesidingo sohlelo lokuvimbela lesi sifo endaweni yomsebenzi. Umqashi angavimbela izinkinga ze-RSI kwabamsebenzelayo ngokuhlela umsebenzi ngendlela ebanikeza ikhefu noma enze ukuba izisebenzi zishintshane ngemisebenzi ehlukahlukene.

Esinye isici sokuvimbela i-RSI siwukunikeza isisebenzi amathuluzi afanele. Phakathi kokunye, lokhu kungase kuhlanganise amatafula nezihlalo eziphakeme ngokufanele, okokuvikela izindololwane, imishini yokubhola nezindlawu ezingadingi ukucindezelwa kakhulu ngezandla, ama-computer enziwe kahle, noma imishini emikhulu enezinsimbi zokuyisekela ukuze ingadlikizeli ngokweqile.

UMarcelo, okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni, wasebenzisa okuningi kwalokhu kusikisela. Lokhu kanye nokwelashwa akuthola kuye kwaziqeda izimpawu ze-RSI ayenazo. Kungenzeka uzolulama ngokuphelele. Akungabazeki ukuthi kudinga umzamo nezinguquko ekuhleleni ukuze kuvinjelwe i-RSI, kodwa njengoba inani labantu abaphathwa yi-RSI emsebenzini landa, izinzuzo zalezi zinguquko zingaba zinkulu kunezindleko.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 17]

Abaculi Abane-RSI

Ubuhlungu obubangelwa ukukhandleka (RSI [repetitive strain injury]) buvamile kubaculi abangochwepheshe. Ukuhlola okwanyatheliswa ngo-1986 kwabonisa ukuthi isigamu sabo bonke abadlali bezinsimbi zomculo bamaqembu angu-8 eYurophu babephethwe yi-RSI. Ekhulwini le-19, lesi sifo sasibizwa ngokuthi inkwantshu yabaculi. Omunye wabantu bokuqala okwabikwa ukuthi unayo uRobert Schumann. I-RSI yamphoqelela ukuba ayeke ukudlala upiyano agxile ekuqambeni izingoma.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 17]

Izimbangela Ze-RSI

1. Ukuma kabi

2. Ukusebenza isikhathi eside

3. Ukucindezeleka emsebenzini

4. Ukulimala kwemisipha esikhathini esidlule

5. Ukunganeliseki ngomsebenzi wakho

6. Ukuchayeka emakhazeni

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 18]

Ukuvimbela I-RSI

IZINTO OKUFANELE UZIGWEME

1. Ukubamba izinto ezisindayo isikhathi eside

2. Ukusebenzisa amalungu ukuthwala umthwalo onzima

3. Ukuphakamisa izandla isikhathi eside

4. Ukusebenza unganethezekile

IZINTO OKUFANELE UZENZE

1. Shintsha izandla lapho wenza imisebenzi ethile—ngisho nelula

2. Yiba nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yosuku lonke

[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 16]

Pages 16 and 17: The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck